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Name:___________________ 6____ Mesopotamia: Outline #1 Lesson 1 & 2 (Red Book) L1: Land Between Two Rivers, pgs. 94-97 I. Importance of Major River Systs. A. Provide water for 1. drinking 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. fishing 5. farming 6. _____________ --animals ____________ on the fertile___________ B. The resources are good for permanent settlements 1. Good land + improved techniques leads to surplus def. of surplus: “an extra supply” 2. Surplus allows diff. people to do diff._______(specialization) 3. Specialization: people get very good at specific tasks/jobs. more ↓ Critical Thinking Question: How would a surplus lead to a sophisticated civilization? (Review everything under “B” above.) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Tigris & Euphrates (Sumer) I. Sumer A. one of the world’s first _________________ B. southern region: Fertile ________________ fertile--rich soil fr. river ________________--half-moon shape C. T. & E. Rivs. -where Sumer arose 1. the rivers start in the ___________ ___________in the north 2. flow south-east to the ______________ ______________ 3. have many Tributaries 4. overflowed in the ______________; left fertile soil more ↓ II. Mesopotamia A. larger area in which Sumer was located B. means “land ___________ ______________” C. north was a _____________(high flat land) D. south was a ____________(low flat land) 1. alluvial plain-formed fr. soil left by _______________ Irrigation (need for) concept: The rivers were unpredictable I. floods A. destroyed things 1. crops (both the young spring crops and the fall harvests) 2. ____________________ 3. ____________________ II. drought A. south was (often) dry and hot. III. irrigation (solution) A. dug _________________ B. stored water in manmade ___________________ C. built dirt ______________and canals more ↓ Less 2: Independent Sumerian City-States, pgs. 103-105 Emergence of Cities I. Sumer A. very successful city-states B. over 12 by 3000 B.C.E. 1. Ur 2. ___________ 3. ___________ II. city-state A. gen. descrip. 1. walled city and ___________________ B. size & scope 1. from several sq. mls. up to 1,500 sq. mls. (Stamford=37.7 sq. mls.) 2. pop. 5,000-60,000 (Stamford=117,083) C. structure & culture 1. independent _______________ 2. shared culture a. ____________________ b. language c. writing system more ↓ Gov’t & Relig. (104) I. early gov’t structure A. chief leader B. small-group leaders (note: started out w/ priests ruling—relig. & gov’t entwined. --took care of temples --managed canals --hired workers --collected taxes --distributed grain in times of hardship) II. Gov’t When Faced w/ War A. single leader needed 1. formed world’s first __________________ --rule by king (or queen) 2. easier to make decisions 3. ______________became next king a. usually eldest. b. promoted stability (Note: generals probably were the first to take over as kings.) C. officials 1. appointed by _________________ 2. carried out ___________________ ex: economy, building projects more ↓ III. Religion A. priests: 2nd most important next to ___________________ B. religious system:____________________ 1. many gods 2. gods ruled natural ______________ 3. each _______________had own god C. religion was central 1. lots of rituals, esp. agricultural A Commercial Society I. Surpluses led to city life. A. New jobs, _____________, & _______________. II. new jobs A. craft-workers B. ___________________ C. __________________ III. goods/trade A. exporting of surpluses 1. grains 2. __________ B. importing 1. ___________ 2. woods etc. more ↓ C. caravans --grps. traveling together to __________________ 1. caravans by foot 2. sailboats to far-off lands ex: Egypt D. record keeping --in tokens and tablets (more notes on this will be given in class)