Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Journal • How does the misuse of antibiotics affect the evolution of disease-causing bacteria? Use the theory of natural selection to explain the growing resistance to antibiotics. TAXONOMY Taxonomy- science of classifying & naming organisms based on similarities. 1. Aristotle•developed first system of classification. •Very vague; NO LONGER USED •Divided & classified organisms as: 1. PLANTS 2. ANIMALS a. Trees (large) a. Land b. Shrubs (medium) b. Air c. Grasses (small) c. water Carolus Linneaus- Broadest Kingdom Phylum • developed system we use today. Class Order Family • developed 7 levels of classification Genus Most specific Species Carolus Linneaus • Developed binomial nomenclature- two word system for naming organisms (AKAscientific names) – Scientific names reduce confusion of regional names – EX: Felis concolor is scientific name for puma, mtn. lion, cougar Scientific Naming Rules 1. Written in Latin- old language/never changes 2. Italicized when typed; underlined when written 3. First word is genus name- capitalized 4. Second word is species name- lowercase • Species name can represent: • Color- ex: Acer rubrum is a red maple • Who discovered it- ex: Friula wallacii is a spider discovered by Wallace • Place where discovered- ex: Aplysia californica is a California Sea Hare DOMAINS • Scientists have recently added a new categoryDomains which are larger than kingdoms. • Three domains – Domain Bacteria • Includes common bacteria – Domain Archaea • Includes extreme bacteria – Domain Eukarya • Includes protists, fungi, plants, animals Domain Eukarya Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Primates This is the classification for a human Family Hominidae Genus Homo Species sapien Our scientific name is Homo sapien Mnemonic Device • • • • • • • • Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Dear King Philip Came Over For Great Spaghetti • Organisms are classified into their different kingdoms based on – – – – Cell type Cell structure Number of cells Mode of nutrition 6 KINGDOMS Monera 1. Eubacteria 2. Archebacteria 3. 4. 5. 6. Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia KINGDOM EUBACTERIA – – – – EX: E.coli or Streptococcus Prokaryote Cell walls with peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotroph or heterotroph KINGDOM ARCHAEBACTERIA – EX: methanogens, halophiles- Live in extreme places – Prokaryote – Cell walls without peptidoglycan – Unicellular – Autotroph or heterotroph KINGDOM PROTISTA • EX: amoeba, paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp • Eukaryote • Cell walls of cellulose in some, Some have chloroplasts • Most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular • Autotroph or heterotroph KINGDOM PLANTAE • EX: mosses, ferns, flowering plants • Eukaryote • Cell walls of cellulose; chloroplasts • Multicellular • Autotroph KINGDOM FUNGI • • • • EX: mushrooms, yeast Eukaryote Cell walls of chitin Most multicellular; some unicellular • Heterotroph KINGDOM ANIMALIA • EX: sponges, worms, insects, fish, mammals, etc. • Eukaryote • No cell walls or chloroplasts • Multicellular • Heterotroph Cladograms/Phylogenetic Trees 1. Show evolutionary relationships 2. Like a family tree • Which two animals are more closely related? Chimp & Bonobo • Which two animals are least closely related? Gibbon & Human Classification key/Dichotomous key1. Type of tool used to identify unknown organisms. 2. Use a series of steps to identify an organism starting with its most general traits & ending with its most specific traits. How to read one: 1.Read 1st two statements. Which ever is correct about your organism, follow the instructions. Keep doing this until you reach a scientific name. 2.See example on next slide Bird W Geospiza Bird X Platyspiza Bird Y Certhidea Bird Z Camarhynchus