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Adjectives and adverbsmain differences Adjectives say sth about quality/characteristic/nationality: red, tall, hungry, small Describe 1) nouns: a nice little red house 2) pronouns: I’m hungry and I’m tired Note! Nationality adjectives always in capital letters: British, American, Finnish Adverbs say sth about: • manner (how?): well, badly, politely • degree: very, quite, extremely • time (when?): now, then, yesterday • space (where?): here, there, everywhere Describe 1) verbs: she sings well, he plays badly 2) adjectives: she’s a very good singer 3) adverbs: she sings extremely well Adjectives • Comparison nice – nicer – the nicest good – better – the best easy – easier – the easiest important – more important – the most important • Note! Some adjectives only used after a verb: He’s afraid. I like to be alone. She’s ill today. I’m glad it’s over. • Adjectives used after certain verbs =linking verbs • the most common: be, become, get, sound, taste, feel, look, seem, smell Examples This pizza tastes good These socks smell bad This cat feels soft This music sounds strange • Use adjectives after as and if: Call me if necessary. I’ll do it as soon as possible. • Use comparative form when comparing between two: Who is taller, Maja or Melvin? Which is worse, to be blind or deaf? • Adjectives used as heads of noun phrases Sw. rolig → det roliga konstig → det konstiga • in English normally: the funny thing, the strange thing • An adjective alone can be used about a group of people in a general way: the rich/poor, the young/old, the blind, the unemployed Manner adverbs • compare: a bad example - he played badly in Sw. both =‘dåligt’ • adjective → adverb: -ly nice - nicely, definite – definitely happy – happily; easy - easily • Note! not possibly = omöjligt impossibly = hopplöst • Some adverbs don’t end in -ly arrive late work hard run fast • Note! friendly, lively, lovely, lonely = always adjectives Note! • Adverb forms like the following belong to informal English (often spoken AmE): act nice, behave bad, come quick, walk slow, real good • In Standard English they would be expressed with adverbs in -ly: act nicely, behave badly, come quickly, walk slowly, really good