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Eastern Hemisphere England •Norman Conquest results in Anglo-Saxon French culture •Loss in 100 Years War ends continental claims •Under Tudor Reign (Henry VIII) •Parliament (Power of the Purse) Holy Roman Empire •Northern Italy and German States •Close ties to Catholic Church •Under the Hapsburg (Charles V) Russia •Ivan III unites Ruscovite principalities •Overthrows Mongols •Russian Orthodox culture Safavids •Shi’ite Muslims •Inherit Persian culture •Now Iran Japan Tokogawa Shogunate unifies feudal Japan (Muskets) Social Pyramid :Emperor, Shogun, Daimyo, Samurai, Peasants Acts of Seclusion: Strict isolatioinists France •Wins 100 Years War •Emerges as most powerful continental nation state under Capetians Spain •Reconquista reestablishes European dominance over Moors •Spanish Armada is major force •Beginning exploration of Americas China (Qing Dynasty) •Manchus from Manchuria (northern China) •Conquer Ming in 1644 •Last till 1910 China (Ming Dynasty) •Overthrow Mongols •Explorations of Admiral Zheng He •Beijing and Forbidden City •Establish European trade enclaves to limit outside influences Songhai •Gold Salt Trade •Islamic religion •Timbuktu: Islamic Cultural Center Swahili City States •Coast of East Africa •Indian Ocean trade with Muslims •Spread of Islam •African / Muslim Cultural Blend Ottomans (Today’s Turks) •Conquer Byzantines in 1453 (Constantinople becomes Istanbul) •Empire on 3 continents (Asia, Europe and Africa) united by Islam •Take Balkans up to Vienna Mughals •Sunni Muslims •Bring Islam into majority Hindu India •Trade in coffee and ceramics •Taj Mahal •Establish trade with Europeans along SW coast (Portuguese, English, Dutch) Western Hemisphere •Aztec Empire •Central Mexico •Maya •Central America (gone by 900 AD) •City States •Inca Empire •West Central coast of South America (Andes Mountains – Peru) •Complex, advanced civilizations (calendars and architecture) •Aztecs and Incas conquered by Spanish Conquistadors •Technology (steel, cannon, muskets) and disease were key factors
