Download Islam`s Origins as History and Heritage Fred M. Donner – University

Islam’s Origins as History and Heritage
Fred M. Donner – University of Chicago
February 1, 2011
(1) Origins phase [600-700 CE]
(2) Caliphal Empire and Articulation of the Classical Islamic Paradigm [700-1200 CE]
(3) Diversification and Diffusion to New World Areas [1000-1700 CE]
(4) The Early Modern Empires [1400-1900 CE]
(5) The Western Onslaught [1500-present]
Byzantine (Later Roman) Empire
Sasanian (Persian) Empire
Zoroastrianism
Mecca
Kaaba (Ar. ka‘ba, “cube”)
Koran (Qur’ān)
“5 Pillars of Islam”:
statement of faith (shahāda)
ritual prayer (ṣalāt)
almsgiving (zakāt)
fasting (ṣawm) in month of Ramadan
ṣajj—pilgrimage to Mecca
caliph (Ar. khalifa, “successor,” representative”)
mu’min, “Believer”; muslim
‘Uthman
(r. 644-656)
‘Ali
(r. 656-661)
Shi‘a / shīat ‘Alī, “party of ‘Ali”
Kharijites / Khawarij
Umayyad dynasty (661-750)—Damascus
Abbasid dynasty (750-1258)—Baghdad
Islamic law (shari‘a)
Oghuz migrations (11th-12th century)
Saljuq Sultanates (1040-14th century)
Ghaznavids (977-1186)
madrasa (religous school, seminary)
Khurasan (N.E. Iran)
Sufis (mystics)
Muhammad dies
632 CE
Ridda wars
632-634
Syria conquered
ca. 636
Iraq conquered
ca. 637
W. Iran
642
Marv (C. Asia)
651
Egypt—Fustat
642
Qayrawan—N. Africa 670
Spain conquered
711-713
Samarqand
712
Sind (Indus Valley) 714
Khazars, Georgia
730
Battle of Tours (?)
732
Battle of Talas
751
Constantinople besieged:
655, 669, 673-78, 717-18, 783-85
al-Husayn ibn ‘Ali
Karbala (battle, 680)
Samarra
Mongol conquest (Baghdad, 1258)
Ottoman Empire (ca. 1275-1924)
Safavid Empire (1501-1722)
Mogul Empire (1526-1858)
Bibliography: Fred M. Donner, Muhammad and the Believers: at the origins of Islam
(Harvard University Press, 2010); Vernon O. Egger, A history of the Muslim World to
1405 (Pearson-Prentice-Hall, 2004; William L. Cleveland, A history of the modern
Middle East (Westview, 2004); Marshall G. S. Hodgson, The Venture of Islam (3 vols.,
University of Chicago Press, 1974).