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The bigger picture:
Global Struggles
Last Chapter:
Ch. 14-15: The Great
Depression & the New Deal
•Vocabulary 16/17
•Video Clips:
•
“Pearl Harbor”
“America The Story
Of Us”
• Review Sheet
• TEST
A World in Flames &
World War II
is
Dictators
Threaten
World peace
The Holocaust
America Moves
Toward War
1.
2.
3.
The Cold War
Begins
about
how economic problems contributed to
political unrest & American involvement
in a global conflict.
War in Europe
Key Self-Test Questions for the Chapter:
Ch. 18:
This Chapter:
Chs. 16-17:
Activities:
Next Chapter
Mobilizing for
Defense
The
Home
Front
The War for Europe & Africa
The War in the Pacific
How did the United States become involved in the war and defeat Germany and
Japan?
Explain how the United States mobilized its economy for war and created
opportunities for women & minorities.
Explain the tactics the Allies used to defeat Germany, Italy, and Japan.
Unit or Background:
Ch. 16-17: A World in
Flames & World War II
Lesson Topic:
America & the World
is
The Rise
of Dictators
Italy:
about
how anti-democratic
governments came to
power in Europe & Asia..
Benito Mussolini, a.k.a. “Il Duce” (the
chief) ruled as dictator
~Founded the Fascist Party
~Used his elite guard, the
BLACKSHIRTS, to intimidate
& suppress all opposition
~Sent Italian troops to ETHIOPIA in
1935 so that Italy could become an
imperialist nation
Germany:
ADOLF HITLER
=became Fuhrer(leader) with
support from NAZIS (Nat’l
Socialist German Workers
Party)
=blamed Jews, Communists,
USSR: (aka: Soviet Union)
and intellectuals for the Great
Joseph Stalin
Used underhanded tactics to take control after Lenin’s Depression
=called his gov’t the THIRD
death.
set up a TOTALITARIAN STATE (a country where the gov’t
REICH
 has complete control)
=elite guard, the
used the RED ARMY to enforce policies and to crush
BROWNSHIRTS, crushed all
opposition (==approx. 30 million ppl may have died as a result
political opposition
of forced labor camps and “purging” of enemies).
took control of pvt. lands and made them into state-run
farms ==widespread famine
Name I. M. Nottaniceguy
Hitler’s Rise to Power in Germany
Hitler’s views win
him many
supporters.
The Nazi Party
wins 40% of the
vote in national
elections.
Hitler is appointed
chancellor of
Germany
Hitler claims
dictatorial
powers;
Hitler
crushes
political
opposition.
Lesson Topic:
Unit or Background:
Ch. 16-17: A World in
Flames & World War II
America & the
World
is
Militarists Gain
Control of Japan
1.
about
How governments came to
power and what were their
goals?
Japan thought that it had
a “divine” mission to lead
Italy
Asia into a new era of
1. Bad economy led to Italians
economic expansion &
wanting a stronger leader.
prosperity and didn’t
want to have to
rely on foreign
imports.
2. Emperor Hirohito
2. Benito Mussolini takes
advantage of this – he was a
powerful speaker and
convinced his people to trust
him.
ruled Japan, but the military
3. Fascist- he stressed
“ran” the gov’t. Hideki TojoNationalism – interests of state
Prime Minister, Japan
over the individual.
becomes Militaristic &
4. He wants Italy to become a
Imperialistic
~invaded Manchuria
World Power
(1931)
~invaded China (1937)
FDR &
Internationalism
Americans worried about
being dragged into another
foreign conflict
~~So the U.S. adopted a
policy of partial
ISOLATIONISM.
Americans shunned
membership in
international organizations
like the League of
Nations and the World
Court.
Name Lee V.
Ussalone
AmericAns’
Concerns After
World War I
Many
Americans are
worried about
entering
another foreign
conflict…
U.S. Foreign Policy
After World War I
The United States follows
a foreign policy of
partial isolationism.
The country declines
membership in the
League of Nations and the
World Court…
Lesson Topic:
Unit or Background:
World War II Begins
Ch. 16-17: A World in
Flames & World War II
is
the start of WWII in
Europe.
The Munich Crisis &
Appeasement
1. U.S. and Soviet relations
were mended and took a
stand against fascism.
2. Germany & Italy formed a
military alliance known as
the AXIS POWERS
…Japan later joined.
3. European leaders adopted a
policy of appeasement after
Hitler took the Sudetenland
-(claiming to reunite the German-
The War Begins


France & Gr.Brit. (ALLIED POWERS)
announced that they would go to
war against Germany if Poland was
attacked…
Nonaggression Pact was signed
b/t Soviet Union & Germany
~~stated that they would
not attack each other…&
would later divide up Poland!

Germany
invaded Poland which started
WWII.
On September 1,1939,
~Hitler sent in the “Luftwaffe”
speaking people of Europe & this
would be his last demand to take
over land.)
4. U.S. remained neutral, despite
Germany’s aggression.
about
(German Air Force)

Blitzkrieg=the lightning war
waged by Germany against
Western Europe
Unit or Background:
Ch. 16-17: A World in
Flames & World War II
Lesson Topic:
The Holocaust
is
Nazi Treatment
of the Jews
•Hitler’s master plan was the
genocide of several different
types & races of people. High
on the elimination list were
Gypsies, Jews, homosexuals,
mentally disabled, & religious
& political prisoners.
•These people were separated
from the general population
and sent to concentration
camps. These camps were
awful. No running water,
little food, and the prisoners
were killed randomly by
torture, experiments, gas,
or cremation.
~11 million died total (6
million Jews & 5million
Gypsies, Russians, Poles,
etc.)
about
the horror Hitler created against
those he saw as inferior.
Holocaust Losses by Countries
Country
Pre-War
1939
After -War
1945
Survival
Rate
Remarks
Poland
3,250,000
50,000
1.5%
250,000 that survived in
Russia are excluded
Russia
2,100,000
600,000
28%
-
Rumania
800,000
430,000
53%
-
Hungary
400,000
200,000
50%
-
Czechoslovak
ia
315,000
44,000
14%
-
France
350,000
275,000
78%
Including foreign refugees
Germany
240,000
80,000
33%
-
Netherlands
140,000
20,000
15%
-
Italy
50,000
33,000
66%
-
Yugoslavia
75000
12,0
14%
-
Unit or Background:
Ch. 16-17: A World in
Flames & World War II
Lesson Topic:
America Enters the War
is
FDR Favors Britain
•Election of 1940: F.D.R. won
a third term vs. Wendell Wilkie by
promising to keep us out of war,…
if possible!
•Congress passed Lend-Lease
Act which lent arms & supplies to
Allies.
•Allied troops in France quickly
fell to Nazis and escaped to
Britain.
•WINSTON CHURCHILL /
Battle of Britain- He became
England’s new Prime Minister and
sent in the R.A.F.(Royal Air Force)
to defeat Germany’s attempts to
invade Britain.=Germany’s 1st
defeat
•June 1941=Germany invaded
Soviet Union in a surprise attack.
about
the events that led the US
into WW II.
Japan Attacks the US
•Japan began pushing SW and taking over French
military bases in Indochina. US protested by cutting off
trade with Japan.
•Japan seemed to want peace with the US and peace
talks were ongoing. But the US found out Japan was
preparing to strike.
•December 7, 1941=Japan attacked Pearl Harbor,
Hawaii! (a US territory)
•“…a date which will live in infamy.” –F.D.R.
* FDR asked the US Congress for a declaration of war
against Japan on December 8th, 1941..
* The Japanese hope was to cripple the US Navy
(especially the aircraft carriers) before the US got into
the war. The plan was NOT successful.
Germany declared on the US. Hitler believed the
Japanese would easily defeat the US & then assist
Germany in defeating the USSR (Russia).
Lesson Topic:
Unit or Background:
Ch. 16-17: A World in
Flames & World War II
The Home Front
is
Promoting the
War
Families displayed banners with
stars in their home’s windows. The
stars represented family members
serving in the military.
about
life in the US during WW II.
Rosie the Riveter
•Women went to work in the factories replacing
the men fighting overseas.
Hollywood made films to encourage
support for the war.
•The government tried to lessen the
discrimination in the work place during the war.
Life During The War
Gas, meat, rubber tires, and
nylons were rationed during the
war. Americans “made do”
w/alternatives (margarine, etc.)
•Japanese-Americans were most discriminated
Coastal cities practiced nighttime
blackouts in case of attack.
A Gold Star
Banner
against. Many are sent from their homes in
California, Oregon, or Washington state to
internment camps in Wyoming & Utah because
we feared they were spies.
Unit or Background:
Ch. 16-17: A World in
Flames & World War II
Strengths &
Weaknesses
Axis Powers:
+Strengths: Prepared militarily; firm
control of the invaded areas.
--Weaknesses: Germany had a two
front war going;Japan had no natural
resources.
Allied Powers:
+Strengths: Size of USSR;
production potential of the US.
--Weaknesses: Not prepared for a
long war…
Early Fighting in Europe & the
Mediterranean
US & British troops moved through N.
Africa to retake Europe.
Soviet troops, with the assistance of a
scorched earth policy & a harsh Russian
winter, stopped the advancing German
troops at Leningrad.
Lesson Topic:
The War in Europe
is
about
the war against Germany &
Italy, 1942-1945.
Allied Attacks In the
Mediterranean
Defeating
Germany
The Allies stopped
the last German
counter-offensive in
late December, 1944 at
the Battle of the
•Allied troops attacked the
Bulge.
Axis Powers in North Africa
FDR, Churchill, &
and then moved to take Sicily
Stalin met at the Yalta
and Italy.
Conference to
discuss post war peace.
Operation Overlord
After the Battle of the
Bulge, the Allies raced
with the USSR to see
who could get to Berlin
first.
The invasion of France was
code named “Operation
Overlord”. The Allies (mostly
US & British troops) attacked April 30, 1945
where the terrain was worse, Hitler committed
suicide.
but there were fewer troops.
The attack started June 6, May 7, 1945
Germany surrendered
1944 at Normandy, Anzio, &
Omaha beaches.
(D-Day)
to the Allies (V-E
Day); the war in
Europe was over!!!!
Lesson Topic:
Unit or Background:
Ch. 16-17: A World in
Flames & World War II
The Early War in
the Pacific
•The Japanese military was successful
early in the war taking Java, New
Guinea, & the Philippines.
The War in the Pacific
is
the war against Japan,
1942-1945.
•Captured US soldiers were sent on the
Bataan Death March. Japan’s
treatment of POWs was brutal.
•April 18, 1942 the Doolittle raid bombs
Tokyo & increased US spirits.
Pacific Offensives
The US Navy went “ island hopping”, slowly
capturing areas once controlled by the Japanese.
The Marines
in the Pacific.
about
& Navy did much of the fighting
The Japanese burrowed into tunnels on many
islands making it difficult to remove them.
The Japanese usually tortured and/or killed
POWs. They did not allow for post-battle peace
to bury the dead, and they shot medics first
because they helped save lives…
Victory in the Pacific
The Battle of Leyte Gulf was the last,
largest, & most decisive naval engagement.
It also was the last stepping stone in
retaking the Philippines.
The bloody Battles of Iwo Jima &
Okinawa caused over 50,000 US casualties
& 130,000 Japanese casualties, but these
US victories gave the military the air bases
it needed to begin bombing Japan day &
night.
Pres.Franklin Roosevelt died April
12, 1945 before the war’s end.
Unit or Background:
Ch.16-17: A World in
Flames & World War II
Lesson Topic:
The War in the Pacific
is
about
the war against Japan,
1942-1945.
The
Atomic
Bomb
•The Manhattan Project was
the code name for the building of
the atomic & hydrogen bombs.
•President Harry Truman had the
bombs dropped on Hiroshima
(8/6/45) & Nagasaki (8/9/45),
Japan killing 200,000 Japanese
citizens.
•Japan surrendered August 15,
1945 (V-J
Day).==World
War II officially ended.