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Rise of Dictators Dictator Leaders who control their nations by force. Became prevalent following WWI - Countries angered over the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. Benito Mussolini forced the king to declare him the head of the government. Fascism – extreme nationalism and racism. All children taught to be loyal to the regime – against the law to not agree with government. Vowed to recapture the glory of ancient Romans. 1935- captured Ethiopia 1939 – captured Albania Italy Germany Japan Soviet Union Adolf Hitler – chairman of National Social German Workers’ Party (Nazi Party) Openly racist and anti-Semitic believing Germans were the superior race and Jews were the cause of the problems faced by Germany. 1933 Hitler ended democracy and established a totalitarian state – a single party and its leader suppress all opposition and control all aspects of people’s lives. Defied the Treaty of Versailles by building a strong military. Hitler formed an alliance with Italy in 1936. Military leaders unhappy with government not solving problems of the Depression, rise to power. Invaded and conquered areas in Asia including Manchuria in 1931 and most of China in 1937 Formed an alliance with Italy and Germany in 1940 – “AXIS” 1920’s Joseph Stalin – Communist Leader. Demanded complete obedience –executed his rivals. Sent millions of Russians to labor camps. Reorganized the nation’s economy forcing millions onto government owned farms.