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What Supreme Court decision
made segregation legal?
Plessy v. Ferguson
What organization, founded by
WEB Dubois, fought school
segregation in the courts?
NAACP
Give an example of a Jim Crow
Law.
separate facilities, curfews,
separate workplaces
How did WWII serve as a catalyst
for the Civil Rights Movement?
blacks fought and died for U.S. then
came home to discrimination
Why was it such a big deal that
Jackie Robinson played
baseball?
it was America’s past time,
everybody paid attention
What did the Emmitt Till case
demonstrate about the Southern
Judicial System?
no justice for blacks from all white
system
What decision reversed Plessy?
Brown vs. the Board of Ed.
(Topeka, KS)
Where did Rosa Parks start the
Bus Boycott?
Montgomery, Alabama
Who was chosen to lead the
boycott?
What was the key principle of his
strategy to end segregation?
Martin Luther King Jr.
non-violence/passive resistance
Who were King’s chief influences
in the use of non-violent tactics?
Gandhi & Thoreau
What organization was founded
by King & other ministers in
1957?
Southern Christian Leadership
Conference (SCLC)
How did President Eisenhower
support the integration of Central
High School in Little Rock?
Sent in National Guard troops to
keep the peace and protect the
students
Give 2 examples of tough
conditions faced by black
students at Central High School
in Little Rock.
soldier escorts, name calling, fights,
threats
What was the SNCC? What was
their first big action in the
movement?
The Student Non-Violent
Coordinating Committee, Sit Ins
What was the goal of the
Freedom Riders? What
challenges did they face?
Integrate bus terminals and take the
movement to the deep South,
bombings, beatings, arrests, etc.
Why was JFK reluctant to fully
support the Freedom Riders?
He was afraid of America looking
bad on the world scene (Cold war,
tension with the Soviets)
Why was Bull Connor so
infamous?
Symbol of white resistance and
oppression; ordered use of police
dogs & fire hoses on protestors in
Birmingham
What did the SCLC do to expose
Bull Connor’s tactics in 1963?
What happened to MLK there?
Marches in Birmingham, he was put
in jail
What was MLK’s chief purpose in
his “Letter from a Birmingham
Jail”?
He will be an extremist in the cause
of morality, it is not the fault of the
movement that their actions result
in violence
What was the purpose of the
March on Washington in 1963?
What famous speech was given
there?
pressure for Civil Rights Legislation,
MLK’s “I Have a Dream” speech
What legislation came out of this
pressure?
Civil Rights Act of 1964, Voting
Rights Act of 1965
What was the focus of the 1964
Mississippi Summer Project?
increase # of black voters in
Mississippi
What happened to three of the
volunteers who went down to
help?
Kidnapped and murdered by local
Klan members
What kinds of groups believed
blacks must rely on themselves
and not on integration?
Black Separatists
Give an example of a Black
Separatist Organization. Where
was separatism & militancy more
rampant among blacks?
Black Panthers, Nation of Islam
Northern Cities
According to Malcolm X, who
would it be OK to use violence
against?
someone who had “laid a hand” on
you
What did Malcolm X say blacks
should reject?
self hatred imposed on them by
white culture
Name two demands of the Black
Panthers.
full employment, self determination,
blacks should not serve in
Vietnam, decent housing, better
education
Who fled the inner cities for the
suburbs after WWII? What did
they take with them?
middle class whites, tax dollars
needed for social services
Name two places riots broke out
in response to poor conditions in
the cities.
Watts (1965) Newark and Detroit
(1967)
What was the SCLC’s final
campaign under the direction of
MLK?
Poor People’s Campaign
What was John Kennedy’s plan
for America called? What were
two of its major goals?
New Frontier, reinvigorate the
United States & continue the
triumph of capitalism Space Race
(NASA, Peace Corps, Civil Rights)
What was Lyndon Johnson’s
plan for the United States called?
What were two of its goals?
Great Society, eliminate poverty,
improve civil rights & provide
health care
What was AIM? What were two
of their demands?
American Indian Movement; treaties
upheld, original land back, better
education, equal rights
What was NOW? What were two
issues they focused on?
National Organization for Women,
equal pay, equal rights, sexual
discrimination in the work place
Who did the Vietnamese
originally fight for their
independence after WWII?
France
Who was the leader of North
Vietnam?
Ho Chi Minh
Who did the U.S. install as the
leader of South Vietnam in the
late 1950s? How was he received
by the South Vietnamese?
Ngo Dinh Diem, poorly – much
protest (monks immolating
themselves)
What theory proposed that if
South Vietnam fell to
Communism, the rest of SE Asia
would soon follow?
domino theory
What were the southern
sympathizers of the communist
North called?
Viet Cong or NLF
What gave LBJ the power to “use
any means necessary” in
Vietnam in 1964?
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Which president oversaw our
escalation of the conflict? Who’s
policies was he following?
LBJ, JFK
What program was started to win
over the hearts and minds of the
South Vietnamese and clear rural
areas of VC?
pacification
Name two things used to
defoliate the jungles.
napalm & agent orange
List two ways combat conditions
in Vietnam were unlike those
soldiers had prepared for.
jungle, traps & guerrilla tactics, heat
& rain, unknown enemy
What event led to the arrest of
the Chicago 7?
anti-war protests at the 1968
Democratic National Convention
What was “vietnamization”?
turning the war over to the South
Vietnamese
What impact did the 1968 Tet
Offensive have on public opinion
about the war? Why?
turned many against it, showed that
the VC and North Vietnamese
were still strong and willing to fight
Name one factor that made our
involvement in Vietnam so
controversial.
just cause?, high cost ($ & lives),
impatience with lack of progress, it
was all there on TV
What is the most infamous
example of the paranoid fear
created by the Viet Cong?
My Lai Massacre
Name two ways people tried to
avoid the draft.
go to college, start a family, self
inflicted wound, act crazy
What event immediately preceded
the fall of South Vietnam? What was
the fate of many South Vietnamese
families who supported the U.S.?
full withdrawal of U.S. troops,
became refugees
Which anti-war Presidential
candidate was assassinated in
1968?
Robert F. Kennedy
What goal did Nixon claim to be
pursuing in the Vietnam War?
Peace with Honor
What was the name of the quiet
group that wanted law & order &
supported the war?
silent majority
Who were the Hawks? Who were
the Doves?
Americans who supported the war,
Americans who opposed it
What minority groups were overrepresented in the troops in
Vietnam?
Blacks and Hispanics
What brought an end to draft
deferments for students and
married people in 1969?
draft lottery
What documents, printed in the
NY Times in 1971, exposed the
truth about U.S. plans for
Vietnam?
Pentagon Papers
Why did the U.S. attack
Cambodia and Laos in 1970?
What was the response in the
United States?
there were bases for the VC and
NVA, massive protests (students
killed at Kent State & Jackson
State)
What did the 26th Amendment
do? Who did this favor in the
election of 1972?
Lowered voting age to 18, George
McGovern (he was an anti-war
candidate favored by the young)
What tactic did Nixon use to try
and force the Vietnamese to the
bargaining table?
increased bombing, especially the
Christmas bombings of 1972