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Samenvatting Aardrijkskunde Keywords Chapter 3 <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td> Absolute numbers </td> <td> Actual quantities or amounts </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Bilateral aid </td> <td> Development aid given by one country (donor) to another </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Birth control </td> <td> Planning the number of children in a family (family planning) </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Caste system </td> <td> Division of Indian society into different social groups (castes). There is a lot of inequality between the groups. </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Coastal plain </td> <td> A flat area with an altitude below 500 m </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Colony </td> <td> A county overseas that belongs to another country </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Coriolis effect </td> <td> Because the Earth rotates, the wind turns to the right in the northern hemisphere, and the left in the southern hemisphere </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Cultural region </td> <td> Large regions with similar cultural characteristics </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Demographic transition model </td> <td> Model that shows four periods in the long-term natural increase in population in a country </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Deterioration of the terms of trade </td> <td> When the relationships between the price level of import products and the price level of export products (=terms of trade) becomes less favourable for a country </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Developed country </td> <td> Rich country with a high level of development </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Developing country </td> <td> Poor country with a low level of development </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Development cooperation </td> <td> Help given by rich countries to developing countries </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Diversification </td> <td> Happens when an economy starts selling different products instead of only one </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Drainage basin </td> <td> An area of land where the water drains downhill into a river and its tributaries </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Dual economy </td> <td> Economy with a modern, developed part and a traditional, less developed part </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Economic power bloc </td> <td> Country or cooperating countries producing a lot of goods and with a large market with a high level of purchasing power </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Elite </td> <td> A small group of people in a society who have a lot of economic and political power </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Emergency aid </td> <td> Help given so that people can survive when there is a family or other type of disaster </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Emerging country </td> <td> Country with and economy that is growing fast but has a low GDP per inhabitant </td> </tr> <tr> <td> European Union (EU) </td> <td> A group of twenty-seven European countries that want safety, democracy and freedom for all Europeans </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Exchange rate </td> <td> How much a country’s currency is worth in terms of another country’s currency </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Exploitation colony </td> <td> Colony that was used to provide raw materials for developing industry in Europe </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Federation </td> <td> Political system with a united group of states </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Free market economy </td> <td> Companies decide for themselves which products to make (capitalist system of production </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Globalization </td> <td> Growing international exchange of people, money, goods and ideas </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Gross Domestic Product (GDP) </td> <td> Total production in a country expressed in money </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Gross National Product (DNP) </td> <td> The amount of money (billions of euros) that all the people who live in a country earn together </td> </tr> <tr> <td> High mountain range </td> <td> Range of mountains with peaks higher than 1500 m </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Informal sector </td> <td> Unskilled, temporary, low-paid work in the service sector </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Joint venture </td> <td> When a company involved in a foreign investment works with a company or the government of the country concerned </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Low-wage economy </td> <td> Country where the workers are paid low wages </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Market </td> <td> The number of customers who want to buy products </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Masses </td> <td> The vast majority of the population </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Maximum </td> <td> Area where there is too much air flow: high-pressure area </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Metropolis </td> <td> Enormous agglomeration </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Microcredit </td> <td> Small loans to people in developing countries who want to start their own small businesses but cannot borrow money from an ‘ordinary’ bank </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Minimum </td> <td> Area where there is not enough air flow: low-pressure area </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Monsoon </td> <td> A wind that reverses its direction every six months </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Multilateral aid </td> <td> Development aid given by a group of countries (donor) </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Multinational </td> <td> A company that does business all over the world </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Natural border </td> <td> A border along a natural obstacle such as a river or a mountain range </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Offshore wind </td> <td> Wind that blows from the land towards the sea </td> </tr> <tr> <td> One-child policy </td> <td> Couples are not allowed to have more than one child (China) </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Onshore wind </td> <td> Wind that blows from sea toward land </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Outsourcing </td> <td> Sending work to companies in another country </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Passat </td> <td> Easterly wind that blows towards the tropical minimum on the equator (from the subtropical maximum) </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Peninsula </td> <td> Area surrounded by water on three sides </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Plateau </td> <td> A flat area with an altitude higher than 500 m </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Polar maximum </td> <td> High-pressure area at the Poles: cold temperatures cause the air to cool and sink </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Political system </td> <td> The way in which a state is governed </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Population chart (or pyramid) </td> <td> Chart / pyramid showing the age distribution of the population </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Population explosion </td> <td> Fast population growth due to a falling death rate and high birth rate </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Rain shadow </td> <td> Are where very little rain falls, situated behind a mountain </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Raw materials </td> <td> Materials that a factory uses to produce goods </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Relative numbers </td> <td> Date expressed as percentages or permillages </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Relief </td> <td> Differences in altitude in a landscape </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Savannah climate </td> <td> Tropical climate (warm and moist) with a dry season </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Self-subsistence </td> <td> When people produce something for their own use (i.e. not to sell) </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Slum </td> <td> A neighbourhood that people build themselves, where housing is poor, amenities are scarce and the inhabitants have an uncertain future </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Social structure </td> <td> the groups that make up a society and the way in which they interact </td> </tr> <tr> <td> South-west monsoon </td> <td> Moist tropical sea wind from the Indian Ocean </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Special Economic Zone (SEZ) </td> <td> ‘open’ areas where foreign companies can establish themselves and pay a low rate of tax </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Subpolar minimum </td> <td> Low-pressure area at 60° latitude </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Subtropical maximum </td> <td> High-pressure area at 30° latitude </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Sustainable development aid </td> <td> Aid that helps people in the long term </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Tropical minimum </td> <td> Low-pressure area on the equator: heat causes the air to rise and flow away </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Tropics </td> <td> Temperature zone on Earth between 23½° NL and 23½° SL </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>