Download Practice Final Exam Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice

Practice Final Exam
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
IDENTIFYING MAIN IDEAS
____ 1. The 1957 launching of Sputnik
a. proved the superiority of American technology.
b. greatly increased Eisenhower’s popularity.
c. plunged the United States into a series of three recessions.
d. caused Congress to increase spending on teaching science and mathematics.
____ 2. Unlike the early civil rights leaders, Malcolm X believed strongly that
a. the races should be separated.
b. African Americans should copy whites.
c. schools should be fully integrated.
d. African Americans should move to Mecca.
____ 3. Critics charged that President Reagan’s conservative policies led to
a. a larger gap between rich and poor.
b. the advancement of homosexual rights.
c. an expansion of government regulations.
d. a liberal Supreme Court.
____ 4. The women’s movement of the 1960s grew out of women’s frustration with
a. declining numbers of women attending college.
b. increasing household responsibilities.
c. various forms of job discrimination.
d. their inability to pass a constitutional amendment.
____ 5. Why did President Franklin Roosevelt create the Office of War Mobilization?
a. to replace the Office of Price Administration
b. to centralize agencies dealing with war production
c. to build up wartime morale
d. to reduce the government’s role in war production
____ 6. Reagan’s foreign policy called for
a. making an alliance with the Soviet Union.
b. limiting American intervention in the affairs of other nations.
c. taking an active role against communism.
d. protecting the island of Cuba from invasion.
____ 7. Which phrase best characterizes American immigration policy as of 1990?
a. unlimited admissions
b. more difficult admissions
c. easier admissions
d. admissions restricted to skilled workers
____ 8. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was based on the principle of
a. free trade.
b. collective security.
c. appeasement.
d. isolationism.
____ 9. One successful strategy used by Cesar Chávez was a
a. march on Washington.
b. nationwide consumer boycott.
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c. freeze on prices.
d. shutdown of railroads in California.
Many Republicans criticized the New Deal for
a. going too far in its attempts to reform the economy.
b. not doing enough to address the nation’s ills.
c. failing to address unemployment.
d. trying to put an end to the unequal distribution of wealth.
After Congress passed the Voting Rights Act of 1965,
a. the civil rights movement slowly ended.
b. white Southerners still prevented most African Americans from voting.
c. many African Americans were elected to office at all levels.
d. the Supreme Court declared the law unconstitutional.
American foreign policy in the post–Cold War era had to contend with
a. the military buildup in Russia.
b. brutal civil wars in the Balkans and Africa.
c. wars between the countries of Eastern and Western Europe.
d. the formation of the Warsaw Pact.
Which of the following brought the United States and the Soviet Union to the brink of nuclear
war?
a. the Cuban Missile Crisis
b. the signing of the Limited Test Ban Treaty
c. the Panamanian riot
d. the Bay of Pigs invasion
What was the main purpose of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)?
a. to reduce unemployment in the United States
b. to encourage immigration to the United States from Latin America
c. to promote free trade among Canada, Mexico, and the United States
d. to create a trading partnership with the European Union (EU)
What was President Johnson’s objective in Vietnam?
a. to unite the country
b. to promote democracy in South Vietnam
c. to advise the South Vietnamese
d. to prevent a Communist takeover
During the 1930s, the United States focused largely on
a. preparing for war.
b. domestic affairs.
c. international affairs.
d. international and domestic affairs.
What did President Truman promise in the Truman Doctrine?
a. to support nations trying to resist Soviet control.
b. to fight hunger anywhere in the world.
c. to enforce the American foreign policy of brinkmanship.
d. to reject the former policy of containment.
To achieve victory in the struggle for civil rights, Martin Luther King, Jr., and other members of
the SCLC encouraged a policy of
a. armed confrontation.
b. nonviolent protest.
c. lawsuits.
d. national strikes.
OPEC’s 1973 embargo on shipping oil to the United States resulted in
a. a flare-up of problems with the Soviet Union.
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b. higher inflation and another recession at home.
c. a war between Israel and its Arab neighbors.
d. a British-American foreign policy offensive against Arab nations.
The election of 1980 was especially significant because it showed that
a. the New Right was in decline.
b. conservatism controlled the nation’s agenda.
c. Republicans could win the presidency.
d. the Equal Rights Amendment was doomed to failure.
Which of the following best characterizes Roosevelt’s first hundred days in office?
a. He abolished the banking system and government building projects.
b. He avoided direct action and sent problems to committees for study.
c. He pushed Congress to pass legislation to improve the economy.
d. He concentrated on programs that strengthened big business.
FDR aroused the most opposition when he
a. failed to balance the budget.
b. refused to use the militia against the General Motors strike.
c. attempted to “pack” the Supreme Court.
d. earmarked WPA funds for the arts.
During the Depression, wage cuts and unemployment eventually affected
a. mainly women.
b. factory workers only.
c. mainly farmers.
d. all levels of society.
What was the Second New Deal?
a. a series of tax laws that primarily benefited the rich
b. a program designed to balance the national budget
c. a repeal of most New Deal policies
d. a wave of legislation including more social welfare benefits
What was the main goal of Clinton’s plan to reform the healthcare system?
a. health insurance for every American
b. increased profits for hospitals
c. loans for students in medical school
d. free healthcare for the elderly
For nearly 50 years, the Cold War was characterized by
a. small battles worldwide.
b. the gradual decline of Soviet power.
c. American and Soviet isolationism.
d. political conflict and military tensions.
The policy of making the military power of the United States and its allies so strong that no
enemy would dare attack it for fear of retaliation is known as
a. deterrence.
b. containment.
c. brinkmanship.
d. the Truman Doctrine.
How did President Eisenhower’s domestic policy reflect that of his Republican predecessors
Coolidge and Hoover?
a. He encouraged the growth of unions.
b. He favored big business.
c. He favored a national health plan.
d. He discouraged highway building.
To deal with the recession of the early 1990s, President Bush agreed to
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a. increase vastly the federal bureaucracy.
b. raise new taxes as part of a deficit-reduction plan.
c. increase spending for social programs.
d. nominate Clarence Thomas to head the Department of the Treasury.
What congressional action gave President Johnson the authority to escalate the Vietnam War?
a. the Pentagon Papers
b. the Geneva Conference decision
c. the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
d. a Joint Chiefs of Staff finding
Environmental activists spurred the government to create the
a. Nuclear Regulatory Agency.
b. Pure Food and Drug Act.
c. Environmental Protection Agency.
d. Wholesale Meat Act of 1967.
Which of the following best describes Kennedy’s domestic policy success?
a. Congress supported nearly all his programs, but most were failures.
b. He had won a popular mandate that made passage of his programs easy.
c. He rarely succeeded in pushing legislation through Congress.
d. He launched a remarkable reform program that altered American society.
Which of the following best describes the major guiding principle behind the foreign policies of
Kennedy and Johnson?
a. to keep European nations out of Latin American
b. to stifle Asian trade to benefit European trade
c. to make peace with the Soviet Union
d. to stop the spread of communism
All of the following events led up to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor except
a. Japanese forces took control of French Indochina.
b. a group of isolationists formed to block aid to Britain.
c. President Roosevelt froze Japanese financial assets in the United States.
d. the Japanese looked to the Dutch East Indies for oil.
Through their island-hopping strategy, the Allies put themselves in a position to
a. bomb Japan.
b. win the Battle of the Coral Sea.
c. retake Pearl Harbor.
d. defend China.
The student protest movement of the 1960s emerged from the
a. civil rights movement.
b. conformity of the 1950s.
c. New Left.
d. Communist revolution.
All of the following were goals of Great Society programs except
a. aid to public education.
b. political reform.
c. medical care for older Americans.
d. the elimination of poverty.
The Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education ended
a. the “separate but equal” doctrine.
b. Jackie Robinson’s career in baseball.
c. Eisenhower’s support of civil rights.
d. discrimination in the hiring of federal employees.
Those hit hardest by the Depression were
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a. wealthy industrialists.
b. high-paid office workers.
c. low-paid laborers.
d. southern landowners.
Truman’s Fair Deal aimed to
a. revoke most New Deal programs.
b. greatly shrink the federal government.
c. extend the New Deal’s goals.
d. appeal to conservative Republicans.
President Hoover believed that the best strategy for ending the Depression was
a. encouraging massive government spending.
b. lowering import duties.
c. setting up federal relief programs.
d. encouraging voluntary controls in the business sector.
Which was part of American policy during the early years of World War II?
a. denouncing Britain and France for declaring war on Germany
b. following a foreign policy of appeasement
c. remaining neutral while making war supplies available to Britain
d. terminating all trade agreements with warring nations
The 1950s saw such disparate trends as
a. the resurgence of religion and the rise of rock-and-roll.
b. the rise of rock-and-roll and the decline of movie-going.
c. Tupperware parties and stay-at-home dads.
d. beatniks and the end of segregation.
After the United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki,
a. the Soviet Union allied itself with Japan.
b. the League of Nations was created to end global war.
c. the Allied powers divided Japan into peace-keeping zones.
d. Japan accepted American terms for surrender.
One goal of the American Indian Movement was
a. to organize migrant workers.
b. autonomy, or self-government, for Native Americans.
c. compensation for property losses as a result of internment.
d. to give up homestead claims on federal land.
After World War II, what organization was formed on the basis of the Atlantic Charter?
a. the Yalta Alliance
b. the United Nations
c. the League of Nations
d. the Warsaw Alliance
What was the greatest foreign policy accomplishment during the Nixon years?
a. keeping China’s seat in the United Nations away from the People’s Republic of
China
b. recognizing the Communist government of the Soviet Union
c. bringing about American détente with the Soviet Union and China
d. mending the rifts between China and the Soviet Union
The trial and sentencing of the Watergate burglars led to
a. testimony to a Senate committee about White House involvement.
b. the firing of Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein.
c. an attempt by Judge John J. Sirica to release the defendants.
d. Gerald Ford’s pardon of President Nixon.
____ 49. President Carter assumed the role of peacemaker to negotiate which of the following between
Israel and Egypt?
a. Geneva Accords
b. Peace of Paris
c. Camp David Accords
d. Treaty of Versailles
____ 50. The basic issue of the 1976 presidential campaign was
a. the Watergate break-in.
b. welfare.
c. trust.
d. the separation of church and state.