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Natural selection and adaptation quiz: You need a sheet of notebook paper numbered 1-7. Get out your homework! (If you did not complete it) (Adaptations & Natural Selection) Catalyst: Quiz (10 minutes) Evolution and Speciation (15 minutes) Speciation Practice/Trashketball (Remaining) Mastery grades DM: Tally Dojo points What determines which organisms survive and which do not? Do species ever change? How do scientists believe all of the species that exist today were formed? What evidence is there to support evolution? SPI 3210.5.3 Recognize the relationships among environmental change, genetic variation, natural selection, and the emergence of a new species. SWBAT define species, speciation and identify factors that result in speciation SWBAT distinguish between convergent and divergent evolution Biology Unit 3 Section 15.2 Review: What is evolution? Evolution is the gradual change in a population of organisms over time ▪ The key is over a long period of time What is one of the main ways evolution occurs? One of the main ways evolution occurs is through natural selection Who developed this concept? Examples of natural selection: Peppered moths Antibiotic-resistant bacteria Green/brown lizards We are going to be talking about Different theories. They may conflict with your beliefs (and that’s okay). Its something that we need to cover in order to prepare you in Biology. From where do scientists suggest that all organisms that exist today came? Key Point 1: Many scientists believe that all species that exist today evolved from a common ancestor What is an ancestor? Even humans? Even humans! ▪ From primates (chimpanzees) Natural selection causes a population to evolve, but it may or may not create a new species Deer mice: dark brown light brown mice Moths: Light moths dark moths ▪ These examples of evolution did not create a new species, however REVIEW: Key Term: A species is a group of organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring Fertile offspring means the offspring are also able to reproduce If a population of organisms adapts to its environment and can no longer reproduce with other populations, a new species has evolved. Key Point 2: Speciation is the development of a new species of organisms from an existing species This typically occurs over a very long period of time Key Point 3: Speciation can be caused by: Geographic isolation—a population is separated by a physical barrier ▪ May be separated by a mountain, canyon, river, etc. or because of flooding or other changes in habitat ▪ Organisms no longer mate and are forced to develop different adaptations to survive ▪ Eventually they cannot reproduce together Reproductive isolation Populations no longer mate or produce fertile offspring due to different mating seasons, different anatomies, or different number of chromosomes in their gametes Two populations of toads began mating during different times of the year and no longer reproduce. Over time, two different species of toads have developed. Is this a result of geographic or reproductive isolation? A flood forces one population of snakes to move to another habitat. Over time, this population evolves into a new species of snake as it adapts to its environment. Is this a result of geographic or reproductive isolation? Two different species of mountain goats have appeared on opposite sides of the Rocky Mountains. Is this a result of geographic or reproductive isolation? Key Point 4: When one species evolves into two or more different species, this is known as divergent evolution Example: Scientists believe that various species of cats (cheetahs, leopards, jaguars, etc.) evolved from a common ancestral species many years ago Key Point 5: When different species change over time to become more similar due to similar environments this is known as convergent evolution Example: Sharks and dolphins are different species, but over time they have developed similar adaptations to survive in their environments Each species of mammal below is believed to have evolved from a common ancestral species Convergent or divergent evolution? Why? The thorny devil and Texas horned lizard are two different species of lizards that have adapted over time to eat similar foods and behave in similar ways because of similar environments Convergent or divergent evolution? Why? These two tortoises above belong to different species. Scientists believe they evolved from a common ancestor but developed different adaptations to survive in their environments. Convergent or divergent evolution? 9. What is the term used to describe the development of a new species from an existing species? Speciation 10. What term is used to describe a group of organisms that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring? Species Speciation Trashketball I will give you a certain amount of time to answer each question. When it is your team’s turn, I will randomly call on someone to answer. Get it right = take a shot