Download Mrs. Whitecar CMS 7 th grade Ch 12 TEST: Adaptations over time

Name______________________________________
Mrs. Whitecar CMS
Pd.____
7th grade
Ch 12 TEST: Adaptations over time
True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
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1. Evolution continues to occur in organisms today.
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2. Evidence supports both punctuated equilibrium and gradualism.
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3. Scientists know the exact rate of evolution.
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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4. ____ are remains of life from an earlier time.
a. Sedimentary rocks
c. Variations
b. Fossils
d. Limestones
5. Scientists can tell whether organisms are closely related by comparing their ____.
a. hair color
c. DNA
b. teeth
d. scientific names
6. Change in the hereditary features of a type of organism over time is ____.
a. growth
c. spontaneous generation
b. biogenesis
d. evolution
7. A(n) ____ is a group of organisms that look alike and can reproduce among themselves.
a. species
c. family
b. genus
d. order
8. Which characteristic separated hominids from apes?
a. larger body
c. larger eyes and ears
b. larger teeth
d. larger brain
Matching
Match each term with the correct description below.
a. Lamarck’s explanation of evolution
g. natural selection
b. camouflage
h. variation
c. homologous structures
i. embryology
d. vestigial structures
j. Penicillin
e. species
k. gradualism
f. Darwin’s Book
l. punctuated equilibrium
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9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
when an organism blends into its environment
an antiobiotic made from fungus that is an example of punctuated equilibrium.
study of the development of the embryos of organisms
evolution as a slow change of one species to another
Origin of the Species
body parts that are reduced in size with no apparent function
survival of the fittest
evolution as a result of acquired characteristics
a trait that makes an individual different from other members of its species
rapid evolution with few intermediate forms
body parts that are similar in origin and structure
a group of organisms that share similar characteristics and can reproduce among themselves
Match each early human with the correct description below.
a. Homo habilis
c. Cro-Magnon
b. Australopithecus
d. Neanderthal
____ 21. fossil characterized by a small brain cavity but humanlike jaw and teeth (hint: not homo habilis)
____ 22. known as the “handy man” because of simple stone tools found near the fossil (hint: closely related to the
current human Homo sapien)
____ 23. lived in art-decorated caves and buried their dead (not neanderthal)
____ 24. lived in family groups in caves and hunted with well-made stone tools (make grunting sounds and there are
new commercials about them).
Completion
Complete each statement.
25. Primates have a(n) ____________________ thumb that allows them to reach and grasp. (opposable or fifth)
26. ____________________ were humanlike primates who walked upright on two legs and ate plants and animals.
(Hominids or Chimps)
27. The earliest known hominid is _________________________. (Australopithecus or neanderthal)
28. Homologous structures indicate that two or more species might share ______________________________.
(common ancestors or common diseases)
29. ____________________ is an adaptation that enables an organism to blend into its environment. (camouflage
or mimicry)
30. A(n) ____________________ is any variation that makes an organism better suited to its environment.
(adaptation or mutation)
Short Answer 31-45 (Choose 5) Do more for extra credit.
31. Discuss Lucy, the almost-complete skeleton of Australopithecus.
32. Give an example of traits that you would expect to inherit if Lamarck’s explanation of evolution were correct.
33. How does the movement of new individuals into a population help bring about evolution?
34. Why is Darwin’s theory of natural selection sometimes described as “survival of the fittest”?
35. Relate the brain size of Australopithecus to that of Homo habilis and Homo erectus. Why do their brain sizes
vary?
35. Explain how camouflage is an adaptation.
37. The cross section in Figure 12-1 shows undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock. Which organism, A or B, is
older? Explain.
Figure 12–1
38. How are evolution and natural selection related?
39. Explain why the Galapagos Islands were important to Darwin’s theory of Natural Selection and Evolution.
40. List one piece of evidence scientists use to prove evolution and explain it. You may draw it as well.
41. Explain what a (a)vestigial structure is (b) give an example and (c) explain how it proves evolution.
42. Explain why some doctors do not like to prescribe penicillin unless they are sure you need it. (hint: deals
with punctuated equilibrium of the bacteria that causes pneumonia).
43. Explain the difference between punctuated equilibrium and gradualism.
44. How are adaptations (beneficial variations or mutations) related to how organisms evolve?
45. If one organism of a species has the ability to change colors and the others don’t, how would scientists
determine if it should be classified as a brand new species.
Ch 12
Answer Section
TRUE/FALSE
1. ANS: T
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
OBJ:
3/1
2. ANS: T
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
OBJ:
3/1
3. ANS: F
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
OBJ:
3/1
4. ANS: B
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
OBJ:
4/2
5. ANS: C
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
OBJ:
6/2
6. ANS: D
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
OBJ:
1/1
7. ANS: A
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
OBJ:
1/1
8. ANS: D
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
OBJ:
8/3
9. ANS: B
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
OBJ:
2/1
10. ANS: J
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
OBJ:
5/2
11. ANS: I
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
OBJ:
6/2
12. ANS: K
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
OBJ:
3/1
13. ANS: F
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
OBJ:
5/2
14. ANS: D
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
OBJ:
6/2
15. ANS: G
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
OBJ:
1/1
16. ANS: A
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
OBJ:
1/1
17. ANS: H
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
OBJ:
2/1
18. ANS: L
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
OBJ:
3/1
19. ANS: C
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
OBJ:
6/2
20. ANS: E
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
OBJ:
1/1
21. ANS: B
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
OBJ:
9/3
22. ANS: A
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
OBJ:
9/3
23. ANS: C
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
OBJ:
9/3
24. ANS: D
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
OBJ:
9/3
DIF:
B
OBJ:
7/3
MULTIPLE CHOICE
MATCHING
COMPLETION
25. ANS: opposable
PTS:
1
26. ANS: Hominids
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
OBJ:
9/3
B
OBJ:
9/3
DIF:
A
OBJ:
6/2
DIF:
B
OBJ:
2/1
DIF:
B
OBJ:
2/1
27. ANS: Australopithecus
PTS:
1
DIF:
28. ANS: common ancestors
PTS:
1
29. ANS: Camouflage
PTS:
1
30. ANS: adaptation
PTS:
1
SHORT ANSWER
31. ANS:
Found in northern Africa in 1974, Lucy had a small brain but probably walked upright. Her remains indicate that modern
hominids might have evolved from similar ancestors.
PTS:
1
DIF:
A
OBJ:
9/3
32. ANS:
Answers will vary, but should always be an acquired trait, such as the ability to read music or play an instrument.
PTS:
1
DIF:
A
OBJ:
1/1
33. ANS:
They bring new DNA and increase the possibility of more variations in the population, leading to evolution.
PTS:
1
DIF:
A
OBJ:
2/1
34. ANS:
Organisms produce more offspring than can survive. Some individuals have variations that give them a better chance to
survive and reproduce. They would be “the fittest.”
PTS:
1
DIF:
A
OBJ:
1/1
35. ANS:
Australopithecus had a small brain, Homo habilis had a slightly larger brain, and Homo erectus had an even larger brain.
The brain sizes among these early humans vary because a large brain was an adaptation of humans.
PTS:
1
DIF:
A
OBJ:
8/3
36. ANS:
Adaptations are variations that make an organism better suited to its environment. Camouflage is an adaptation because it
enables an organism to blend into the environment, protecting itself and making it more likely to survive and reproduce.
PTS:
1
DIF:
A
OBJ:
2/1
37. ANS:
A is older because it is found at a deeper layer of rock.
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
38. ANS:
Evolution occurs by way of natural selection.
PTS:
1
OBJ:
5/2
39. ANS:
Finches that originated from the mainland differed and “evolved” based on new food that was available on sister islands.
PTS:
1
40. ANS:
Embryology
Fossils
DNA
Homologous structures
Vestigial Structures
PTS:
1
41. ANS:
a) A structure that an organism has but does not use
b) Tail Bone
c) Says we are related to creatures with tails
PTS:
1
42. ANS:
If you take penicillin too often and when not necessary the bacteria will become “immunie” to it.
PTS:
1
43. ANS:
Punctuated equilibrium is when evolution happens quickly. Gradualism is when evolution happens gradually.
PTS:
1
44. ANS:
Organisms with adaptations are more likely to survive. If one individual in a group has the more beneficial mutation it is
more likely to survive, reproduce, and have offspring with that same adaptation. They may eventually turn into a new
species. The other individuals may go extinct.
PTS:
1
45. ANS:
If they can’t mate and have fertile offspring then they are a different species.
PTS:
1