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Managing the Cumulative Impacts of Land Uses in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin: A
Modeling Approach
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schneider, Richard, R.; Ministik Environmental Consulting; [email protected]; Stelfox, J. Brad; Forem
Technologies; [email protected]; Boutin, Stan; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta;
[email protected]; Wasel, Shawn; Alberta-Pacific Forest Industries Inc.; [email protected].
This case study from northeastern Alberta, Canada, demonstrates a fundamentally different approach to forest management in
which stakeholders balance conservation and economic objectives by weighing current management options from the point of
view of their long-term effects on the forest. ALCES®, a landscape-scale simulation model, is used to quantify the
effects of the current regulatory framework and typical industrial practices on a suite of ecological and economic indicators over
the next 100 yr. These simulations suggest that, if current practices continue, the combined activities of the energy and forestry
industries in our 59,000 km2 study area will cause the density of edge of human origin to increase from 1.8 km/km 2 to a
maximum of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Alberta; Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin; Boreal forest; Cumulative industrial impacts; Forestry industry;
Integrated resource management; Petroleum industry; Simulation model.
Ano: 2003
Professional ecological knowledge: an unrecognized knowledge domain within natural resource
management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fleischman, Forrest; Texas A&M University, Department of Ecosystem Science & Management;
[email protected]; Briske, David D.; Texas A&M University, Department of Ecosystem Science & Management;
[email protected].
Successful
natural
resource
management
is
dependent
on
effective
knowledge
exchange
and
utilization.
Local/traditional/indigenous knowledge derived from place-based experience and scientific knowledge generated by systematic
inquiry are the most commonly recognized knowledge domains. However, we propose that many natural resource decisions are
not based on local or scientific knowledge, but rather on a little recognized domain that we term professional ecological
knowledge (PEK). Professional ecological knowledge is founded upon codification of broad ecological principles, but not
necessarily scientific evidence, to legitimize agency programs, support operational efficiency, and encourage user compliance.
However, in spite of these benefits, PEK may reduce...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Government agencies; Knowledge domains; Knowledge integration; Local knowledge; Scientific knowledge;
Science-policy gap.
Ano: 2016
Beyond Dry Feet? Experiences from a Participatory Water-Management Planning Case in The
Netherlands
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lamers, Machiel; International Centre for Integrated Assessment and Sustainable Development (ICIS) - Maastricht
University; [email protected]; Ottow, Bouke; Deltares; [email protected]; Francois, Greet; K. U.
Leuven, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Division of Agricultural and Food Economics/Research group Work,
Organisational and Personnel Psychology; [email protected]; von Korff, Yorck; Lisode;
[email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Participatory planning; Process design; Public participation; Water management.
Ano: 2010
Mussels and Yachts in Loch Fyne, Scotland: a Case Study of the Science-Policy Interface
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tett, Paul; Scottish Association for Marine Science; [email protected]; Valcic, Branka; Scottish Association for
Marine Science; [email protected]; Potts, Tavis; Scottish Association for Marine Science; [email protected];
Whyte, Callum; Edinburgh Napier University; [email protected]; Culhane, Fiona; Edinburgh Napier University;
[email protected]; Fernandes, Teresa; Heriot-Watt University; [email protected].
We report an application of the Science and Policy Integration for Coastal System Assessment (SPICOSA) Systems Approach
Framework (SAF) to Loch Fyne, a fjord in western Scotland. The issue was the potential for conflict between shellfish
aquaculture and recreational use for yachting. This was investigated by building an ecological-economic model to simulate: (1)
release of modern anti-fouling compounds by recreational boats; (2) dilution of these in the upper layers of the loch by exchange
with the sea; (3) their effects on photosynthesis by phytoplankton; (4) the role of phytoplankton (along with non-algal particulate
matter) in providing food for mussels; (5) the growth of seeded mussels to harvest, determining (6) the cash input to farms, offset
by...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Antifouling toxicity; Firth of Clyde Scotland; Governance Scotland; Loch Fyne Scotland; Mussel aquaculture;
Science-policy interface; SPICOSA; Systems Approach Framework.
Ano: 2012
A New Phase
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Holling, C. S.; University of Florida; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001
From Polluter Pays to Provider Gets: Distribution of Rights and Costs under Payments for Ecosystem
Services
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mauerhofer, Volker; United Nations University Institute of Advanced Studies (UNU-IAS); [email protected];
Hubacek, Klaus; Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park; [email protected]; Coleby,
Alastor; Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds; [email protected].
Should society have the right to freely available clean air and water, or should people be required to pay for these as commodities
just as they do for many other goods or services that they consume? With this question and further questions on environmental
governance in mind, we reviewed the paradigm shift in natural resource management from the polluter pays principle (PPP),
which focuses on polluters and enforcement of thresholds, to the principle of payments for ecosystem services (PES), which
emphasizes provider-based economic approaches. Given that there are conflicts of interest over natural resources and ecosystem
services (ESs), these conflicts could be resolved through rights and/or cost assignments via third-party intervention, i.e., by the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Efficient allocation; Environmental principle; Fair distribution; Human right; Property
rights; Sustainable scale.
Ano: 2013
Does size matter? An assessment of quota market evolution and performance in the Great Barrier
Reef fin-fish fishery
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Innes, James; CSIRO Oceans and Atmospheres Flagship; [email protected]; Little, L. Richard; CSIRO Oceans and
Atmospheres Flagship; [email protected].
In fisheries managed using individual transferable quotas (ITQs) it is generally assumed that quota markets are well-functioning,
allowing quota to flow on either a temporary or permanent basis to those able to make best use of it. However, despite an
increasing number of fisheries being managed under ITQs, empirical assessments of the quota markets that have actually evolved
in these fisheries remain scarce. The Queensland Coral Reef Fin-Fish Fishery (CRFFF) on the Great Barrier Reef has been
managed under a system of ITQs since 2004. Data on individual quota holdings and trades for the period 2004-2012 were used to
assess the CRFFF quota market and its evolution through time. Network analysis was applied to assess market structure and the
nature of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Catch shares; Great Barrier Reef; Line fishery; Market efficiency; Social network analysis; Transaction costs.
Ano: 2014
Biblical Influences on Conservation: an Examination of the Apparent Sustainability of Kosher
Seafood
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Levin, Phillip S.; NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center; [email protected]; Azose, Joel; NOAA
Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Conservation Biology Division;; Anderson, Sean; Environmental Science and
Resource Management Program, California State University Channel Islands; [email protected].
As a response to widespread concern about the state of marine ecosystems and the perceived failure of existing policies, many
organizations are developing market-based instruments that promote sustainability. Eco-standards such as shopping guides,
eco-labels, and stewardship certifications are now commonplace. However, in many cultures dietary guidelines have existed for
thousands of years, and anthropologists have argued that such dietary rules emerged to reduce environmental impacts by
encouraging exploitation of productive species, increasing ecological efficiency, or decreasing harvest of apex predators. We
explored some of the environmental consequences for marine and aquatic systems of one of the more familiar ancient dietary
traditions, keeping...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Carbon footprint; Conservation; Eco-label; Kosher; Marine conservation; Religion; Sustainability.
Ano: 2014
Reconciling contradictory narratives of landscape change using the adaptive cycle: a case study from
southeastern Australia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rawluk, Andrea; National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training; Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation,
Charles Sturt University; [email protected]; Curtis, Allan; National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training; Graham
Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University ; [email protected].
This paper addresses the methodological challenge of exposing and reconciling contradictory narratives of change in a
social-ecological system (SES). Our research occurred in the Ovens Valley in southeastern Australia. Other studies have used the
adaptive cycle to interpret change, but those efforts have been based on researcher-derived interpretations. We drew on the Factors
Actors Sectors framework as a structure for coding qualitative interview data provided by key informants. Our analysis suggested
that interpretations of SES change fell into three groups: farmers, employees of government and local organizations, and local
politicians. Those narratives were then overlaid on the adaptive cycle as a way of exposing and interpreting the narratives. To...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive cycle; Landscape change; Narratives.
Ano: 2016
Rebuilding the Namibian hake fishery: a case for collaboration between scientists and fishermen
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Paterson, Barbara; Community-University Research for Recovery Alliance (CURRA), Memorial University of
Newfoundland; Marine Research Institute (Ma-Re), University of Cape Town; Department of Finance, Information, Systems,
and Management Science, and School of the Environment, Saint Mary's University, Nova Scotia; [email protected];
Kainge, Paulus; National Marine Information and Research Centre (NatMIRC), Namibia Ministry of Fisheries and Marine
Resources; [email protected].
One of the most important fisheries in the northern Benguela is the Namibian hake fishery, which targets both Merluccius
capensis and Merluccius paradoxus. In spite of attempts to rebuild the hake stocks that were severely depleted by distant-water
fleets before Namibia's independence in 1990, stocks have failed to recover. Because the ecological goal of stock rebuilding
competes with social and economic objectives on the political stage, the ability to make accurate abundance estimates is
important. However, the precision of abundance estimates is impeded by lack of understanding of hake behavior and of the effects
of environmental factors. Furthermore, at present both species of hake are assessed and managed as one Namibian stock. We
present qualitative...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2014
Sustainable Land-use Practices in European Mountain Regions under Global Change: an Integrated
Research Approach
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Huber, Robert; Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL ; [email protected]; Bugmann, Harald; ETH Zurich;
[email protected]; Rigling, Andreas; Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL; [email protected].
This Special Feature on sustainable land-use practices in European mountain regions presents results from the inter- and
transdisciplinary research project MOUNTLAND. The goal was to investigate the sensitivity of the provision of ecosystem
services to both climatic and land-use changes and to suggest alternative policies and governance structures for mitigating the
impact of such changes and enhancing sustainable management practices in mountain regions. The individual articles provide: (1)
new scientific findings regarding the impacts of climate and land-use changes on ecosystem processes in three sensitive mountain
regions of Switzerland; (2) an assessment of the feedback effects arising from changing socioeconomic and political conditions,
land use,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; Ecosystem services; Experiments; Interdisciplinary research; Land-use change;
Management; Modeling; Transdisciplinary research.
Ano: 2013
Cultural or Ecological Sustainability? The Effect of Cultural Change on Sabal Palm Management
Among the Lowland Maya of Mexico
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Martorell, Carlos; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; [email protected]; Caballero,
Javier; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; [email protected].
Sabal palm has been used for thatching the traditional Maya house for over 3000 yr. The great importance of this resource has
promoted its management within home gardens. Although traditionally managed populations in home gardens are capable of
ecological long-term persistence, the impact of cultural change on sustainable resource management is poorly understood. By
means of interviews in 108 households, we obtained information about Sabal management practices, leaf demand, and
sociocultural data. Density and size structure of the palm populations in the respective home gardens were also measured. By
means of principal components analysis, the sociocultural data were summarized into a cultural change index, which was then
statistically related to palm...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cultural change; Ethnoecology; Maya; Mexico; Sabal; Traditional management.
Ano: 2006
Preferences of Local People for the Use of Peatlands: the Case of the Richest Peatland Region in
Finland
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tolvanen, Anne; Finnish Forest Research Institute, Finland; Thule Institute, University of Oulu, Finland;
[email protected]; Juutinen, Artti; Finnish Forest Research Institute, Finland; Thule Institute, University of Oulu, Finland;
Department of Economics, University of Oulu, Finland; [email protected]; Svento, Rauli; Department of Economics,
University of Oulu, Finland; [email protected].
We analyze the potential for socioeconomically sustainable peatland use by investigating conflicting interests, revealing trade-offs
that people are willing to accept, and studying whether opinions are dependent on socioeconomic and demographic factors.
Opinions toward five forms of peatland use and seven peatland ecosystem services were surveyed in Northern Ostrobothnia in
northern Finland in 2011. Choice experiment (CE) was used to reveal trade-offs in land use preferences, and groups of
respondents were identified using the latent class model (LCM). We identified three classes of respondents in which
environmentalists showed a high preference toward the cessation of peat production and increase of peatland restoration, the
production-oriented class...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Choice experiment; Conflict management; Ecosystem services; Land use management.
Ano: 2013
Complex Models and the Conjunction Fallacy: A Caution
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schauber, Eric; University of Connecticut; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1999
Adaptive Management of the Water Cycle on the Urban Fringe: Three Australian Case Studies
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gilmour, Alistair; Macquarie University; [email protected]; Walkerden, Greg; Wyong Shire Council;
[email protected]; Scandol, James; University of Sydney; [email protected].
Our group at Macquarie University has run three adaptive management projects in New South Wales, Australia. Their objectives
were: (1) to evaluate water cycle management strategies to minimize impacts of urban development on water quality in the
Hawkesbury-Nepean basin; (2) to evaluate development planning policies to minimize water quality impacts on a series of coastal
lakes; and (3) to carry out a preliminary assessment of the potential impacts of greater recreational use of Sydney water
catchments. These projects are examined to evaluate the contribution of the adaptive management approach to water cycle
management on the urban fringe in New South Wales. The role of the adaptive management approach in education, as a
negotiation process, and in policy...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Conservation biology; Ecosystem management; Sustainability transition; Sustainable
development; Water quality; Watershed management.
Ano: 1999
Using Coupled Simulation Models to Link Pastoral Decision Making and Ecosystem Services
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Boone, Randall B; Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory and the Department of Forestry, Rangeland, and Watershed
Stewardship, Colorado State University; [email protected]; Galvin, Kathleen A; Department of Anthropology and the
Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University; [email protected]; BurnSilver, Shauna B; Agricultural
and Forestry Experiment Station, University of Alaska; [email protected]; Thornton, Philip K; International Livestock
Research Institute; University of Edinburgh; [email protected]; Ojima, Dennis S; Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory and
the Department of Forestry, Rangeland, and Watershed Stewardship, Colorado State University; [email protected];
Jawson, Jacob R; Department of Forestry, Rangeland, and Watershed Stewardship, Colorado State University;
[email protected].
Historically, pastoral people were able to more freely use the services their semi-arid and arid ecosystems provide, and they
adapted to changes in ways that improved their well-being. More recently, their ability to adapt has been constrained due to
changes from within and from outside their communities. To compare possible responses by pastoral communities, we modeled
ecosystem services and tied those services to decisions that people make at the household level. We created an agent-based
household model called DECUMA, joined that model with the ecosystem model SAVANNA, and applied the linked models to
southeastern Kajiado District, Kenya. The structure of the new agent-based model and linkages between the models are described,
and then we demonstrate...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agent-based modeling; DECUMA household model; Ecosystem services; Livestock; Maasai; Mobility; Pastoral
decision making; SAVANNA ecosystem model.
Ano: 2011
Landscape Patterns of Exurban Growth in the USA from 1980 to 2020
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Theobald, David M; Colorado State University; [email protected].
In the United States, citizens, policy makers, and natural resource managers alike have become concerned about urban sprawl,
both locally and nationally. Most assessments of sprawl, or undesired growth patterns, have focused on quantifying land-use
changes in urban and metropolitan areas. It is critical for ecologists to examine and improve understanding of land-use changes
beyond the urban fringe—also called exurban sprawl—because of the extensive and widespread changes
that are occurring, and which often are located adjacent to or nearby “protected” lands.
The primary
goal of this paper is to describe the development of a nationwide, fine-grained database of historical, current, and forecasted
housing density,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cross-scale edge; Exurban sprawl; Forecast model; Landscape sprawl metric; Land-use change; Resilience.
Ano: 2005
The problem of spatial fit in social-ecological systems: detecting mismatches between ecological
connectivity and land management in an urban region
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bergsten, Arvid; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; [email protected]; Galafassi, Diego;
Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; [email protected].
The problem of institutional fit in social-ecological systems has been empirically documented and conceptually discussed for
decades, yet there is a shortage of approaches to systematically and quantitatively examine the level of fit. We address this gap,
focusing on spatial fit in an urban and peri-urban regional landscape. Such landscapes typically exhibit significant fragmentation
of remnant habitats, which can limit critical species dispersal. This may have detrimental effects on species persistence and
ecosystem functioning if land use is planned without consideration of the spatial patterns of fragmentation. Managing habitat
fragmentation is particularly challenging when the scale of fragmentation reaches beyond the control of single managers,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Connectivity; Graph theory; Institutional fit; Landscape; Network; Planning; Scale mismatch; Spatial mismatch;
Stockholm; Urban; Wetland.
Ano: 2014
Will Forests Remain in the Face of Oil Palm Expansion? Simulating Change in Malinau, Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sandker, Marieke; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); [email protected]; Suwarno, Aritta; Center
for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); [email protected]; Campbell, Bruce M; Charles Darwin University
(CDU); Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); [email protected].
The severe tensions between conservation and development are illustrated by events in Malinau Dstrict (Kalimantan, Indonesia).
Conservationists decry proposed plans for logging and conversion of pristine tropical forest to oil palm (Elaeis guineensis).
Although the local government is willing to declare the district a “conservation district,” at the same
time, it shows interest in oil palm conversion. This article explores the impact of the potential conversion of 500 000
ha of forest to oil palm on forest cover, in-migration, and the local economy in Malinau. The simulation model was developed
using STELLA® software, and relies on a combination of empirical data, data from the literature, and stakeholder
perceptions....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Decentralization; District revenue; Forest cover; Landscape dynamics; Livelihoods; Oil palm; Participatory
model; Primary forest.
Ano: 2007
Local knowledge production, transmission, and the importance of village leaders in a network of
Tibetan pastoralists coping with environmental change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hopping, Kelly A.; Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University; Natural Resource Ecology
Laboratory, Colorado State University; [email protected]; Yangzong, Ciren; Geography Department, Tibet University;
[email protected]; Klein, Julia A.; Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University; Natural Resource
Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University; Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University;
[email protected].
Changing climate, social institutions, and natural resource management policies are reshaping the dynamics of social-ecological
systems globally, with subsistence-based communities likely to be among the most vulnerable to the impacts of global change.
These communities’ local ecological knowledge is increasingly recognized as a source of adaptive capacity for them
as well as a crucial source of information to be incorporated into scientific understanding and policy making. We interviewed
Tibetan pastoralists about their observations of environmental changes, their interpretations of the causes of these changes, and the
ways in which they acquire and transmit this knowledge. We found that community members tended to agree that changing
climate is...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cultural consensus analysis global change; Local ecological knowledge; Pastoralism; Social networks; Tibetan
Plateau.
Ano: 2016
Integrating Expert Knowledge into Mapping Ecosystem Services Trade-offs for Sustainable Forest
Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Brunner, Sibyl H.; Planning of Landscape and Urban Systems (PLUS), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich ;
[email protected]; Altwegg, Juerg; Planning of Landscape and Urban Systems (PLUS), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
Zurich ; [email protected]; Christen, Marc; WSL - Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF; [email protected]; Bebi,
Peter; WSL - Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF; [email protected].
Mountain ecosystems are highly sensitive to global change. In fact, the continued capacity of mountain regions to provide goods
and services to society is threatened by the impact of environmental changes on ecosystems. Although mapping ecosystem
services values is known to support sustainable resource management, the integration of spatially explicit local expert knowledge
on ecosystem dynamics and social responses to global changes has not yet been integrated in the modeling process. This
contribution demonstrates the importance of integrating local knowledge into the spatially explicit valuation of ecosystem
services. Knowledge acquired by expert surveys flows into a GIS-based Bayesian Network for valuing forest ecosystem services
under a land-use and a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bayesian network; Climate change; Ecosystem services; Expert survey; Forest management; Land-use change;
Mapping; Mountain ecosystem; Trade-offs; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2013
Evidence that a Highway Reduces Apparent Survival Rates of Squirrel Gliders
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McCall, Sarah C; Australian Research Centre for Urban Ecology; School of Botany, University of Melbourne;;
McCarthy, Michael A; School of Botany, University of Melbourne; [email protected]; van der Ree, Rodney; Australian
Research Centre for Urban Ecology; School of Botany, University of Melbourne; [email protected]; Harper, Michael J;
Australian Research Centre for Urban Ecology; Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria;; Cesarini, Silvana;
School of Biological Scienes, Monash University;; Soanes, Kylie; Australian Research Centre for Urban Ecology;.
Roads and traffic are prominent components of most landscapes throughout the world, and their negative effects on the natural
environment can extend for hundreds or thousands of meters beyond the road. These effects include mortality of wildlife due to
collisions with vehicles, pollution of soil and air, modification of wildlife behavior in response to noise, creation of barriers to
wildlife movement, and establishment of dispersal conduits for some plant and animal species. In southeast Australia, much of
the remaining habitat for the squirrel glider, Petaurus norfolcensis, is located in narrow strips of Eucalyptus woodland that is
adjacent to roads and streams, as well as in small patches of woodland vegetation that is farther from roads. We evaluated...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Australia; Emigration; Mortality; Population persistence; Road ecology; Squirrel glider; Survival.
Ano: 2010
A Wall out of Place: a Hydrological and Sociocultural Analysis of Physical Changes to the Lakeshore
of Como, Italy
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Laborde, Sarah; Centre for Water Research, University of Western Australia; School of Social and Cultural Studies,
University of Western Australia; [email protected]; Imberger, Jorg; Centre for Water Research, University of Western
Australia; [email protected]; Toussaint, Sandy; School of Social and Cultural Studies, University of Western Australia;
Centre for Excellence in Natural Resource Management, University of Western Australia; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cross-disciplinary science; Flood mitigation; Italy; Lake catchment governance; Place attachment; Social
movement; Technocratic planning.
Ano: 2012
Periodic Closures as Adaptive Coral Reef Management in the Indo-Pacific
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cinner, Josh; James Cook University; [email protected]; Marnane, Michael J; Wildlife Conservation Society;;
McClanahan, Timothy R; Wildlife Conservation Society; [email protected]; Almany, Glenn R.; James Cook University;.
This study explores the social, economic, and ecological context within which communities in Papua New Guinea and Indonesia
use adaptive coral reef management. We tested whether periodic closures had positive effects on reef resources, and found that
both the biomass and the average size of fishes commonly caught in Indo-Pacific subsistence fisheries were greater inside areas
subject to periodic closures compared to sites with year-round open access. Surprisingly, both long-lived and short-lived species
benefited from periodic closures. Our study sites were remote communities that shared many socioeconomic characteristics; these
may be crucial to the effectiveness of adaptive management of reef resources through periodic closures. Some of these factors...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Coral reefs; Socioeconomic; Periodic closures; Traditional management;
Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2006
A method for assessing ecological values to reconcile multiple land use needs
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kangas, Katja M; Natural Resources Institute Finland, Oulu; [email protected]; Tolvanen, Anne; Natural Resources
Institute Finland, Oulu; Department of Ecology, University of Oulu; [email protected]; Tarvainen, Oili; Natural Resources
Institute Finland, Oulu; [email protected]; Nikula, Ari; Natural Resources Institute Finland, Rovaniemi; [email protected];
Nivala, Vesa; Natural Resources Institute Finland, Rovaniemi; [email protected]; Huhta, Esa; Natural Resources Institute
Finland, Rovaniemi; [email protected].
We present a new method for ecologically sustainable land use planning within multiple land use schemes. Our aims were (1) to
develop a method that can be used to locate important areas based on their ecological values; (2) to evaluate the quality, quantity,
availability, and usability of existing ecological data sets; and (3) to demonstrate the use of the method in Eastern Finland, where
there are requirements for the simultaneous development of nature conservation, tourism, and recreation. We compiled all
available ecological data sets from the study area, complemented the missing data using habitat suitability modeling, calculated
the total ecological score (TES) for each 1 ha grid cell in the study area, and finally, demonstrated the use of TES in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Conservation; Ecological value; Land use planning; Modeling; Spatial data; Tourism.
Ano: 2016
An appraisal of adaptive management planning and implementation in ecological restoration: case
studies from the San Francisco Bay Delta, USA
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nagarkar, Mita; University of Copenhagen; [email protected]; Raulund-Rasmussen, Karsten; University of
Copenhagen; [email protected].
Adaptive management has been defined and redefined in the context of natural resource management, yet there are few examples
of its successful application in ecological restoration. Although the 2009 Delta Reform Act now legally requires adaptive
management for all restoration efforts in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, in California, USA, projects in this region still
encounter problems with implementation. We used a comparative case study analysis to examine adaptive management planning
and implementation both in and around the Delta, assessing not only why adaptive management is not yet well implemented, but
also what changes can be made to facilitate the adaptive management approach without sacrificing scientific rigor. Adaptive
management seems to be...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Ecological restoration; Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta; Social ecological systems; Tidal
marsh.
Ano: 2016
Socioeconomics, Policy, or Climate Change: What is Driving Vulnerability in Southern Portugal?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Moors, Eddy J.; ALTERRA; [email protected]; Fraser, Evan D. G.; Department of Geography, University of Guelph;
University of Leeds ; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Drought; Portugal; System dynamics modeling; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2011
Sustainable livelihoods through conservation of wetland resources: a case of economic benefits from
Ghodaghodi Lake, western Nepal
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lamsal, Pramod; ; [email protected]; Pant, Krishna Prasad; Kathmandu University;
[email protected]; Kumar, Lalit; University of New England; [email protected]; Atreya, Kishor; Kathmandu University;
[email protected].
We investigated the participation of local ethnic groups in wetland conservation, determined the economic benefits that they
received from the wetlands, and assessed socioeconomic factors that affect dependency on wetlands. A total of 217 wetland
resource-user households residing around Ghodaghodi Lake, western Nepal were surveyed. Data were analyzed using descriptive
statistics, t-tests and ordinary least squares regressions. The wetland resources contributed significantly to the household economy
of the local people. Each household extracted lake resources at an annual worth of NPR 4379 ($63 USD), equivalent to 12.4% of
the household total gross income. Although the people maintained a positive attitude toward wetland conservation, their
participation in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation attitude; Conservation participation; Livelihood; Sustainability; Wetland conservation.
Ano: 2015
The Hidden Cost of Tourism: Detecting Long-term Effects of Tourism Using Behavioral Information
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lusseau, David; University of Aberdeen; [email protected].
Increasingly, whales and dolphins are the focus of tourism activities in many coastal locations. Although these activities can affect
individuals and populations of cetaceans, the biological significance and hence the cost of these impacts are as yet largely
unknown. This study assessed the effects of boat interactions on the behavioral budget of two populations of bottlenose dolphins
(Tersiops truncatus) living in similar fjords but exposed to different levels of tourism activities. This comparison makes it possible
to assess the costs of short-term avoidance strategies and the threshold at which those strategies are no longer effective. The
effects of boat interactions were the same in both fjords. The resting state was the most sensitive to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Tursiops truncatus; Markov chain modeling; Avoidance; Behavioral budget; Boat-dolphin interactions; Boats;
Bottlenose dolphin; Impact assessment; Long-term effects; Tourism; Whale-watching.
Ano: 2004
Modeling Social-Ecological Feedback Effects in the Implementation of Payments for Environmental
Services in Pasture-Woodlands
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Huber, Robert; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL; [email protected]; Briner,
Simon; ETH Zurich, Agri-food and Agri-environmental Economics Group, Department of Environmental Systems Science;
[email protected]; Lauber, Stefan; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL; [email protected];
Seidl, Roman; ETH Zurich, Natural and Social Science Interface, Department of Environmental Systems Science;
[email protected]; Widmer, Alexander; ETH Zurich, Environmental Policy and Economics, Department of Environmental
Systems Science; [email protected]; Le, Quang Bao; ETH Zurich, Natural and Social Science Interface, Department of
Environmental Systems Science; [email protected]; Hirschi, Christian; ETH Zurich, Environmental Policy and Economics,
Department of Environmental Systems Science; [email protected].
An effective implementation of payment for environmental services (PES) must allow for complex interactions of coupled
social-ecological systems. We present an integrative study of the pasture-woodland landscape of the Swiss Jura Mountains
combining methods from natural and social sciences to explore feedback between vegetation dynamics on paddock level,
farm-based decision making, and policy decisions on the national political level. Our modeling results show that concomitant
climatic and socioeconomic changes advance the loss of open grassland in silvopastoral landscapes. This would, in the longer
term, deteriorate the historical wooded pastures in the region, which fulfill important functions for biodiversity and are widely
considered as landscapes that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agent-based modeling; Dynamic modeling; Feedback; Human-environment systems; Integrated study;
Payments for environmental services; Policy network analysis.
Ano: 2013
The Impacts of Sprawl on Biodiversity: the Ant Fauna of the Lower Florida Keys
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Forys, Elizabeth A; Eckerd College; [email protected]; Allen, Craig R; University of Nebraska; [email protected].
Sprawling development can affect species composition by increasing the rate of invasion by non-native species, and decreasing
the persistence of native species. This paper briefly reviews the scientific literature on the impacts of sprawl on biological
diversity, with specific emphasis on the influence of sprawl on non-native species richness. We then explore the relationship
between sprawl and biodiversity using a data set of ant species collected from 46 habitat patches located in the increasingly
suburbanized Florida Keys, USA. We quantified sprawl as the proximity of roads and amount of development surrounding a
habitat patch. Using bait transects, we identified 24 native and 18 non-native species of ants. Neither the overall number of native
species...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Extinctions; Exurban development; Florida; Invasions; Nestedness; Sprawl.
Ano: 2005
Immune Systems and Ecosystems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Levin, Simon A; Princeton University; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Complex adaptive systems; Ecosystem management; Immune systems; Normative behavior.
Ano: 2001
Water Management in Spain: the Role of Policy Entrepreneurs in Shaping Change
Provedor de dados: 7
The role played by policy entrepreneurs in preparing, initiating, and implementing water policy change in Spain over the last two
decades is examined in an effort to understand how transitions in water management occur. The main questions considered are
whether policy entrepreneurs can influence water policy change, and which strategies they actually adopt to promote change. John
Kingdon's multiple streams framework was used to assess the ways in which policy entrepreneurs succeed in challenging the
dominant agenda, mobilizing alternative policy ideas, and making use of multiple venues for initiating policy change. The data set
comprises secondary documentation and interviews with state and non-state actors involved in Spanish water management. The
main...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Policy entrepreneurs; Spain; Transitions; Water management.
Ano: 2010
Tackling Biocomplexity with Meta-models for Species Risk Assessment
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nyhus, Philip J.; Environmental Studies Program, Colby College; [email protected]; Lacy, Robert; Chicago
Zoological Society; [email protected]; Westley, Frances R; Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of
Wisconsin-Madison; [email protected]; Miller, Philip; Conservation Breeding Specialist Group (SSC/IUCN); [email protected];
Vredenburg, Harrie; Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary; [email protected]; Paquet,
Paul; Faculty of Environmental Design, University of Calgary; [email protected]; Pollak, John; Visual Biosystems;
[email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biocomplexity; Endangered species; Human dimension; Meta-model; Population viability analysis; Risk
assessment; VORTEX.
Ano: 2007
Toward an integrated theory of spatial morphology and resilient urban systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Marcus, Lars; School of Architecture, The Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden;
[email protected]; Colding, Johan; The Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, The Royal Swedish Academy of
Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden; [email protected].
We take the first step in the development of a new field of research with the aim of merging spatial morphology and resilience
science. This involves a revisiting and reunderstanding of the meaning of sustainable urban form. We briefly describe the fields of
resilience science and spatial morphology. Drawing on a selected set of propositions in both fields, we put urban form in the
context of the adaptive renewal cycle, a dynamic framework model used in resilience science to capture the dynamics of complex
adaptive systems, of which urban systems are prime examples. We discuss the insights generated in this endeavor, dealing with
some key morphological aspects in relation to four key attributes of resilience, i.e., “change,”...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive renewal cycle; Resilience theory; Space syntax; Spatial morphology; Urban design.
Ano: 2014
Social roles and performance of social-ecological systems: evidence from behavioral lab experiments
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Perez, Irene; Center for Behavior, Institutions and the Environment, Arizona State University; [email protected]; Yu,
David J; Center for Behavior, Institutions and the Environment, Arizona State University; Lyles School of Civil Engineering,
Purdue University; Department of Political Science, Purdue University; [email protected]; Janssen, Marco A; Center for
Behavior, Institutions and the Environment, Arizona State University; School of Sustainability, Arizona State University;
[email protected]; Anderies, John M; Center for Behavior, Institutions and the Environment, Arizona State University;
School of Sustainability, Arizona State University; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University;
[email protected].
Social roles are thought to play an important role in determining the capacity for collective action in a community regarding the
use of shared resources. Here we report on the results of a study using a behavioral experimental approach regarding the
relationship between social roles and the performance of social-ecological systems. The computer-based irrigation experiment that
was the basis of this study mimics the decisions faced by farmers in small-scale irrigation systems. In each of 20 rounds, which
are analogous to growing seasons, participants face a two-stage commons dilemma. First they must decide how much to invest in
the public infrastructure, e.g., canals and water diversion structures. Second, they must decide how much to extract from the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Behavioral experiments; Communication; Irrigation systems; Lab experiments; Qualitative comparative
analysis; Social-ecological networks; Social-ecological systems; Social roles.
Ano: 2015
Ecology, Ethics, and Advocacy
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Peterson, Garry; McGill University; [email protected]; Pope, Shealagh E; Environment Canada;
[email protected]; De Leo, Giulio Alessandro; Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell' Ambiente; [email protected];
Janssen, Marco A; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, The Netherlands; [email protected]; Malcolm,
Jay R; Department of Forestry, University of Toronto, Canada; [email protected]; Parody, Jennifer M; Department of
Biological Sciences, University of New Mexico, USA; [email protected]; Hood, Greg; Australian National University/CSIRO,
Australia; [email protected]; North, Malcolm; U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USA;
[email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1997
Applying the social-ecological system framework to the diagnosis of urban lake commons in
Bangalore, India
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nagendra, Harini; Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment; Indiana University;
[email protected]; Ostrom, Elinor; Indiana University; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Decentralization; Leadership; Peri-urban SES; Polycentricity.
Ano: 2014
Adaptive wetland management in an uncertain and changing arid environment
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Downard, Rebekah; Utah State University; [email protected]; Endter-Wada, Joanna; Utah State University;
[email protected]; Kettenring, Karin M.; Utah State University; [email protected].
Wetlands in the arid western United States provide rare and critical migratory bird habitat and constitute a critical nexus within
larger social-ecological systems (SES) where multiple changing land-use and water-use patterns meet. The Bear River Migratory
Bird Refuge in Utah, USA, presents a case study of the ways that wetland managers have created adaptive management strategies
that are responsive to the social and hydrological conditions of the agriculture-dominated SES within which they are located.
Managers have acquired water rights and constructed infrastructure while cultivating collaborative relationships with other water
users to increase the adaptive capacity of the region and decrease conflict. Historically, water management involved diversion...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Collaboration; Great Salt Lake Utah; Social-ecological systems; Water policy;
Wetlands.
Ano: 2014
Herbivores as Keystone Predators
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Davic, Robert D; Ohio Environmental Protection Agency; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002
Local perceptions as a guide for the sustainable management of natural resources: empirical evidence
from a small-scale society in Bolivian Amazonia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cabeza, Mar; Metapopulation Research Centre (MRC), Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki;
[email protected].
Research on natural resource management suggests that local perceptions form the basis upon which many small-scale societies
monitor availability and change in the stock of common-pool natural resources. In contrast, this literature debates whether local
perceptions can be effective in guiding the sustainable management of natural resources. With empirical evidence on this matter
still highly limited, we explored the role of local perceptions as drivers of harvesting and management behavior in a small-scale
society in Bolivian Amazonia. We conducted structured interviews to capture local perceptions of availability and change in the
stock of thatch palm (Geonoma deversa) among the Tsimane', an indigenous society of foragers-horticulturalists (n = 296...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Change perceptions; Collective action; Common-pool resources; Local peoples; Overharvesting; Tsimane'.
Ano: 2016
Managing for climate change on federal lands of the western United States: perceived usefulness of
climate science, effectiveness of adaptation strategies, and barriers to implementation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kemp, Kerry B; Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho; [email protected]; Blades,
Jarod J; College of Food, Agriculture, and Environmental Science, University of Wisconsin-River Falls; [email protected];
Klos, P. Zion; Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho; [email protected]; Hall, Troy E.;
Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University; [email protected]; Force, Jo Ellen; Department
of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho; [email protected]; Morgan, Penelope; Department of Forest,
Rangeland, and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho; [email protected]; Tinkham, Wade T.; Department of Forest and
Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University; [email protected].
Recent mandates in the United States require federal agencies to incorporate climate change science into land management
planning efforts. These mandates target possible adaptation and mitigation strategies. However, the degree to which climate
change is actively being considered in agency planning and management decisions is largely unknown. We explored the
usefulness of climate change science for federal resource managers, focusing on the efficacy of potential adaptation strategies and
barriers limiting the use of climate change science in adaptation efforts. Our study was conducted in the northern Rocky
Mountains region of the western United States, where we interacted with 77 U.S. Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management
personnel through...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Bureau of Land Management; Climate change; Decision making; Forest Service; Land
management; Public lands.
Ano: 2015
Breeding cooperation: cultural evolution in an intergenerational public goods experiment
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hillis, Vicken; University of California, Davis; [email protected]; Lubell, Mark; University of California, Davis;
[email protected].
The transmission of cooperative norms among individuals across generations plays a key role in our ability to successfully
manage social–ecological systems in changing environments. Here, we use an intergenerational public goods
experiment combining both cooperative advice and in-game communication in order to examine the transmission of cooperative
norms across generations of experimental participants. We show that cooperative intergenerational advice has a positive impact on
both (i) contributions by individuals in a subsequent generation and (ii) the cooperative content of communication among
individuals in a subsequent generation. The impact of cooperative intergenerational advice is most pronounced at the beginning of
the subsequent...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cultural evolution; Intergenerational experiment; Public goods game; Social– Ecological systems.
Ano: 2015
Zebra Mussel Farming in the Szczecin (Oder) Lagoon: Water-Quality Objectives and
Cost-Effectiveness
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schernewski, Gerald; Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research; [email protected]; Stybel, Nardine; EUCC - The
Coastal Union Germany; [email protected]; Neumann, Thomas; Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research;
[email protected].
The Oder (Szczecin) Lagoon in the southern Baltic Sea is a heavily eutrophicated and degraded coastal ecosystem. We applied a
systems approach framework to critically evaluate whether existing water-management measures achieve water-quality objectives
for the river and lagoon systems. Our simulations reveal that the existing water-quality objectives for the river and the coastal
waters are not sufficiently complementary. We suggest new water-quality threshold concentrations, which are in agreement with
the European Water Framework Directive, and we calculate acceptable maximum nutrient loads for the Oder River. These
calculations suggest that external nutrient-load reductions in the river basin alone seem insufficient to achieve good water quality
in the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Baltic Sea Action Plan; Coastal ecosystem; Cost-benefit analysis; ERGOM; Eutrophication; Marginal costs;
Mussel farming; Nitrogen; Oder Lagoon; Oder River; Phosphorus; Szczecin Lagoon; Water Framework Directive; Water
management; Water quality; Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha).
Ano: 2012
Strong connections, loose coupling: the influence of the Bering Sea ecosystem on commercial fisheries
and subsistence harvests in Alaska
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Haynie, Alan C; Resource Ecology and Fisheries Management Division, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National
Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; [email protected]; Huntington, Henry P; Eagle
River, Alaska; [email protected].
Human-environment connections are the subject of much study, and the details of those connections are crucial factors in effective
environmental management. In a large, interdisciplinary study of the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem involving disciplines from
physical oceanography to anthropology, one of the research teams examined commercial fisheries and another looked at
subsistence harvests by Alaska Natives. Commercial fisheries and subsistence harvests are extensive, demonstrating strong
connections between the ecosystem and the humans who use it. At the same time, however, both research teams concluded that
the influence of ecosystem conditions on the outcomes of human activities was weaker than anticipated. Likely explanations of
this apparently loose...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bering Sea; Commercial fisheries; Ecosystem studies; Human-environment connections; Subsistence.
Ano: 2016
Transition Landscapes and Social Networks: Examining On-Gound Community Resilience and its
Implications for Policy Settings in Multiscalar Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Beilin, Ruth; Melbourne School of Land and Environment, University of Melbourne; [email protected]; Reichelt,
Nicole Tania; Melbourne School of Land and Environment, University of Melbourne; [email protected]; King, Barbara
Joyce; Melbourne School of Land and Environment, University of Melbourne; [email protected]; Long, Allison;
Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victorian Government; [email protected]; Cam, Stephanie; Department
of Sustainability and Environment, Victorian Government; [email protected].
Community based natural resource management groups contribute to landscape scale ecological change through their aggregation
of local ecological knowledge. However, the social networks at the heart of such groups remain invisible to decision makers as
evidenced in funding cuts and strategic policy documents. Our research is a pilot study of the social networks in two peri-urban
landscapes in Victoria, Australia. We describe the social network analysis undertaken with regard to natural resource management
issues. The findings are assessed against the qualities of resilience: diversity, modularity, connectivity, and feedback loops. A
social network analysis tool is discussed with participants to assess its usefulness on-ground and with agency staff...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Community based; Complex systems; Landcare; Multiscalar collaboration; Resource management; Social
network analysis; Social resilience.
Ano: 2013
An alternative policy evaluation of the British Columbia carbon tax: broadening the application of
Elinor Ostrom’s design principles for managing common-pool resources
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lacroix, Karine; School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria; [email protected]; Richards, Garrett; School
of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria; [email protected].
Climate change is putting infrastructure, food supply, water resources, ecosystems, and human health at risk. These risks will be
exacerbated depending on the degree of additional greenhouse gas emissions. Urgent action is needed to limit the severity of
impacts associated with further warming. British Columbia (BC) has taken action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from
carbon-based fuels by introducing a carbon tax in 2008. As an innovative approach to climate change mitigation, especially in
North America, studies evaluating its effectiveness are valuable. We assessed the long-term viability potential of the BC carbon
tax using common pool resource design principles, a novel application of the design principles to environmental policy. We found
that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: British Columbia carbon tax; Common-pool resource; Elinor Ostrom design principles; Policy analysis.
Ano: 2015
Information networks and power: confronting the "wicked problem" of REDD+ in Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Moeliono, Moira; Center for International Forestry Research; [email protected]; Gallemore, Caleb; University of
Ohio, Center for International Forestry Research; [email protected]; Santoso, Levania; Center for International
Forestry Research; [email protected]; Brockhaus, Maria; Center for International Forestry Research; [email protected];
Di Gregorio, Monica; Sustainability Research Institute, University of Leeds; [email protected].
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) is a priority issue for forest and climate policy in
Indonesia, and REDD+ policy-making activity has been characterized by considerable public consultation. Despite this
engagement, discussions on REDD+ in Indonesia are reported to have remained top-down, a disconcerting pattern when adaptive
governance and transformational change require cross-scale and cross-sectoral communication. Explicitly modeling the patterns of
information exchange related to REDD+ can clarify these claims and help identify potential barriers to the transformational
change needed to implement REDD+. We used data obtained through semistructured and structured interviews held in 2011 with
representatives from a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Indonesia; Information exchange; Natural resource governance; Power; REDD+; Social network analysis.
Ano: 2014
Temporal Stability in Fishing Spots: Conservation and Co-Management in Brazilian Artisanal
Coastal Fisheries
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Begossi, Alpina; Unicamp; [email protected].
The management of small-scale artisanal fisheries in Brazil should be a priority because of their importance as a source of food
for internal markets and their location in sites with high biodiversity, such as the Atlantic Forest coast. Fishing spots, territories,
and sea tenure have been widely studied within artisanal fisheries, and, in this study, a fishing spot of this type may be a defended
area or an area that imposes rules for users, making the exclusion of outsiders feasible, or even a place in which fishing occurs
with some exclusivity. This analysis takes into account the importance of fishing areas for the conservation of artisanal fishing in
Brazil and the relative temporal stability of these areas. In particular, examples of the use of the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Artisanal fisheries; Amazon; Atlantic Forest coast Brazil; Co-management; Territoriality; Fishing accords.
Ano: 2006
Negotiation Support Models for Integrated Natural Resource Management in Tropical Forest
Margins
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Noordwijk, Meine; International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, ICRAF SE Asia;
[email protected]; Tomich, Thomas P; Alternatives to Slash and Burn (ASB), World Agroforestry Centre;
[email protected]; Verbist, Bruno; ; [email protected].
Natural resource management research has to evolve from a focus on plans, maps, and regulations to an acknowledgment of the
complex, sometimes chaotic, reality in the field, with a large number of actors making their own decisions. As outside actors, we
can only try to facilitate and support a process of negotiation among the stakeholders. Such negotiation involves understanding the
perspectives of all stakeholders, analyzing complementarities in views, identifying where differences may be settled by
“science,” where science and social action can bring innovative alternatives for reconciliation, and where
compromises will be necessary to move ahead. We distinguish between natural resource management problems at village level,
within...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Indonesia; Adaptive learning; Adaptive options; Agroforests; Integrated natural resource management; Land-use
change scenarios; Negotiation support models; Quantitative impact assessments; Scaling rules; Stakeholders; Sustainability
assessments; Tropical forest margins.
Ano: 2001
Disaster Preparation and Recovery: Lessons from Research on Resilience in Human Development
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Masten, Ann S; University of Minnesota; [email protected]; Obradović, Jelena; University of British
Columbia; [email protected].
Four decades of theory and research on resilience in human development have yielded informative lessons for planning disaster
response and recovery. In developmental theory, resilience following disaster could take multiple forms, including stress
resistance, recovery, and positive transformation. Empirical findings suggest that fundamental adaptive systems play a key role in
the resilience of young people facing diverse threats, including attachment, agency, intelligence, behavior regulation systems, and
social interactions with family, peers, school, and community systems. Although human resilience research emphasizes the
adaptive well-being of particular individuals, there are striking parallels in resilience theory across the developmental and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Resilience; Disaster; Human development; Children; Recovery.
Ano: 2008
Tibetan Sacred Sites: Understanding the Traditional Management System and Its Role in Modern
Conservation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Shen, Xiaoli; Center for Nature and Society, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China;
[email protected]; Lu, Zhi; Center for Nature and Society, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871,
China;ShanShui Conservation Center, Beijing, 100871, China; [email protected]; Li, Shengzhi; ShanShui Conservation Center,
Beijing, 100871, China;; Chen, Nyima; ShanShui Conservation Center, Beijing, 100871, China;.
Sacred sites are based on indigenous culture and traditional practices that value land and lives, and are considered to be of
significant contribution in biodiversity conservation. However, there is a lack of understanding about how these traditional
systems function (i.e., the distribution and size of sacred sites, their management and current status), especially for those sites
within the Tibetan region. From 2004 to 2007, we investigated 213 sacred mountains, a major form of Tibetan sacred site, in
western China, and documented their traditional management system. We mapped 154 sacred mountains within a GIS and
estimated their average size was 25.9 km2 (range 0.6–208.4 km2), with sacred mountains of greater religious
significance covering...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Informal institutions; Participatory mapping; Protected areas; Tibetan sacred sites; Traditional land management.
Ano: 2012
Practices and Lessons Learned in Coping with Climatic Hazards at the River-Basin Scale: Floods and
Droughts
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Krysanova, Valentina; Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research; [email protected]; Buiteveld, Hendrik;
Center for Water Management; [email protected]; Haase, Dagmar; UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental
Research; [email protected]; Hattermann, Fred F; Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research;
[email protected]; van Niekerk, Kate; Institute of Natural Resources; [email protected]; Roest, Koen; Alterra Wageningen University and Research Centre; [email protected].
Climatic hazards such as floods and droughts have always been a primary matter of concern for human populations. Severe floods
damage settlements, transport networks, and arable land. Although devastating droughts are harmful primarily for agriculture and
terrestrial ecosystems, they can also lead to local water supply shortages. Despite significant achievements in science and
technology and success stories in environmental management in the 20th century, people still continue to suffer the consequences
of climate hazards worldwide. This paper provides an overview of existing practices for coping with floods and droughts,
compares strategies in different river basins, and outlines the areas that need improvement. First, the existing protection measures
and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Amudarya; Climate change; Climatic hazards; Coping strategy; Drought; Elbe; Flood; Guadiana; Nile; Orange;
Rhine; Tisza; Water resources management.
Ano: 2008
Animal Dispersal in Fragmented Habitat: Measuring Habitat Connectivity, Corridor Use, and
Dispersal Mortality
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Brooker, Lesley; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems; [email protected]; Brooker, Michael; CSIRO Wildlife and
Ecology; [email protected]; Cale, Peter; CSIRO Wildlife and Ecology; [email protected].
We used a spatially explicit dispersal simulation to generate movement frequencies and distances for comparison with real
dispersal frequencies collected in the field from two habitat-specific, sedentary bird species. The relationship between these two
data sets allowed us to (1) test the hypothesis that the study species used corridor routes during dispersal; (2) measure the degree
of reliance on corridor continuity; (3) estimate the rate of dispersal mortality with respect to distance traveled, and (4) give
examples of how the model can be used to assess habitat connectivity with respect to similarly behaved species. We found that
Blue-breasted Fairy-wrens and White-browed Babblers both used corridor routes during dispersal. Blue-breasted Fairy-wrens...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Animal dispersal; Blue-breasted Fairy-wren; Dispersal model; Dispersal mortality; Fragmentation; Habitat
connectivity; Malurus pulcherrimus; Pomatostomus superciliosus; Spatially explicit dispersal; Vegetation corridors;
White-browed Babbler.
Ano: 1999
Relationships Between Perceived Coastal Waterway Condition and Social Aspects of Quality of Life
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cox, Melanie E; Coastal Zone CRC and Centre for Marine Studies, University of Queensland;
[email protected]; Johnstone, Ron; Coastal Zone CRC and Centre for Marine Studies, University of Queensland;
[email protected]; Robinson, Jackie; Coastal Zone CRC and School of Economics, University of Queensland;
[email protected].
Previous research has shown that the presence of natural areas is beneficial to human well-being. However, to date there have
been few published studies of the effects that the condition of natural areas have on well-being. We hypothesize that coastal
waterways that are perceived to be in better condition are visited more often by local residents, and as a result, residents will
develop a stronger sense of place and stronger social relations with other residents, which will in turn lead to a higher quality of
life. A survey was conducted to test this hypothesis in two coastal regions in Queensland, Australia. A weak relationship was
found between perceived coastal quality and the number of recreational visits. In both study areas, frequency of visits to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Quality of life; Waterway condition; Coastal zone management.
Ano: 2006
Setting priorities for private land conservation in fire-prone landscapes: Are fire risk reduction and
biodiversity conservation competing or compatible objectives?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Syphard, Alexandra D.; Conservation Biology Institute; [email protected]; Butsic, Van; Department of
Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley; [email protected]; Bar-Massada, Avi;
Department of Biology and Environment, University of Haifa at Oranim; [email protected]; Keeley, Jon E.; U.S.
Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Sequoia-Kings Canyon Field Station, Three Rivers, California;
[email protected]; Tracey, Jeff A.; Western Ecological Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, San Diego Field Station,
San Diego, California; [email protected]; Fisher, Robert N.; Western Ecological Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, San
Diego Field Station, San Diego, California; [email protected].
Although wildfire plays an important role in maintaining biodiversity in many ecosystems, fire management to protect human
assets is often carried out by different agencies than those tasked for conserving biodiversity. In fact, fire risk reduction and
biodiversity conservation are often viewed as competing objectives. Here we explored the role of management through private
land conservation and asked whether we could identify private land acquisition strategies that fulfill the mutual objectives of
biodiversity conservation and fire risk reduction, or whether the maximization of one objective comes at a detriment to the other.
Using a fixed budget and number of homes slated for development, we simulated 20 years of housing growth under alternative...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Housing arrangement; Reserve design; Site selection; Southern California; Species richness; Wildfire.
Ano: 2016
Collapse and Reorganization in Social-Ecological Systems: Questions, Some Ideas, and Policy
Implications
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Abel, Nick; CSIRO; [email protected]; Cumming, David H. M.; University of Zimbabwe;
[email protected]; Anderies, John M; Arizona State University; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Key words: resilience collapse; Recovery; Social-ecological systems; Adaptive cycle; Natural capital; Social
capital; Human capital; Zimbabwe; Australia.
Ano: 2006
Participation, politics, and panaceas: exploring the possibilities and limits of participatory urban
water governance in Accra, Ghana
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Morinville, Cynthia; The University of British Columbia, Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability;
[email protected]; Harris, Leila M; The University of British Columbia, Institute for Resources, Environment and
Sustainability; [email protected].
Water governance debates have increasingly recognized the importance of adaptive governance for short- and long-term
sustainability, especially with respect to increasing climate unpredictability and growing urbanization. A parallel focus on
enhancing community participation pervades international development recommendations and policy literature. Indeed, there are
often implicit and explicit connections made between the participatory character of water governance institutions and their
adaptive capacity. The social-ecological systems literature, however, has also urged caution with respect to embracing panaceas,
with increasing calls to be attentive to the limitations of proposed “solutions.” We discuss the parallels
between the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Ghana; Local Water Boards; Participatory governance; Water governance.
Ano: 2014
Hybrid Knowledge: Place, Practice, and Knowing in a Volunteer Ecological Restoration Project
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Reid, Karen A; University of Melbourne; [email protected]; Williams, Kathryn J H; University of Melbourne;
[email protected]; Paine, Mark S; University of Melbourne; Dairy New Zealand; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Community-based ecological restoration; Ecological knowledge; Ecological restoration practice; Place-based
knowledge; Traditional ecological knowledge.
Ano: 2011
Policy dimensions of land-use change in peri-urban floodplains: the case of Paraty
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van der Horst, Dan; University of Edinburgh; [email protected]; Carneiro, Paulo; Universidade Federal do Rio
de Janeiro; [email protected]; Amis, Philip; University of Birmingham, International Development Department;
[email protected]; Ioris, Antonio; University of Edinburgh; [email protected].
Peri-urban floodplains located in upstream reaches of urban areas play a key role in the resilience of social-ecological systems.
The need to adapt to increasing flood risks by protecting these natural assets represents a huge challenge for many cities facing
rapid expansion and limited financial resources for the mitigation of environmental impacts. To understand how better governance
and management can be put in place, there is a need to map the key players shaping and/or being impacted by land-use change
processes and assess the barriers keeping them from playing a more constructive role in the collaborative governance of cities, the
natural resources which sustain them, and the environmental risks that pose a threat. A conceptualization of power...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Brazil; Flood prevention; Land-use adaptation; Reflexive governance; Water-flow
regulation services.
Ano: 2015
Exploring Futures of Ecosystem Services in Cultural Landscapes through Participatory Scenario
Development in the Swabian Alb, Germany
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Plieninger, Tobias; Ecosystem Services Research Group, Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities;
Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen; [email protected]; Bieling,
Claudia; Chair for Landscape Management, University of Freiburg; [email protected]; Ohnesorge,
Bettina; Ecosystem Services Research Group, Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities; [email protected];
Schaich, Harald; Chair for Landscape Management, University of Freiburg; [email protected];
Schleyer, Christian; Ecosystem Services Research Group, Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities; Department
of Environmental Politics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; [email protected].
Cultural landscapes are appreciated for the plethora of ecosystem services that they provide to society. They are, however, subject
to rapid and fundamental transformations across Europe, mainly as a result of intensification or abandonment of land uses. Our
objective is to assess the possible future drivers of cultural landscape changes and their likely impacts on ecosystem services
provision as perceived by local actors. We present stakeholder-based scenarios for the Swabian Alb, a biosphere reserve in
southern Germany, projected to the yr 2040. On their basis, we explore the possibilities and limitations of local civil engagement
for landscape conservation and development in the face of increasing global influences. The steps of the process are (a)...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services: landscape development; Participatory scenario planning; Germany; Multifunctional
landscapes; Regional development; Quality of life; Rural areas.
Ano: 2013
Managing Science/Management Partnerships: A Challenge of Adaptive Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rogers, Kevin; University of the Witwatersrand; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1998
The “social” aspect of social-ecological systems: a critique of analytical
frameworks and findings from a multisite study of coastal sustainability
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Stojanovic, Tim; University of St Andrews; [email protected]; McNae, Hilda M.; University of St Andrews;
[email protected]; Tett, Paul; Scottish Association for Marine Science; [email protected]; Potts, Tavis W.;
University of Aberdeen, School of Geosciences; [email protected]; Reis, J; Cardiff University; [email protected]; Smith,
Hance D.; Cardiff University; [email protected]; Dillingham, Iain; University of St Andrews; [email protected].
We evaluate whether society can adequately be conceptualized as a component of social-ecological systems, given social theory
and the current outputs of systems-based research. A mounting critique from the social sciences posits that resilience theory has
undertheorized social entities with the concept of social-ecological systems. We trace the way that use of the term has evolved,
relating to social science theory. Scientometic and network analysis provide a wide range of empirical data about the origin,
growth, and use of this term in academic literature. A content analysis of papers in Ecology and Society demonstrates a marked
emphasis in research on institutions, economic incentives, land use, population, social networks, and social learning....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Coastal; Scientometric analysis; Social-ecological; Social-ecological systems; Social science; Socio-ecological.
Ano: 2016
Use of a Bayesian Belief Network to Predict the Impacts of Commercializing Non-timber Forest
Products on Livelihoods
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Newton, Adrian C; Bournemouth University; [email protected]; Marshall, Elaine; UNEP-World
Conservation Monitoring Centre; [email protected]; Schreckenberg, Kathrin; Overseas Development Institute;
[email protected]; Golicher, Duncan; El Colegio de la Frontera Sur; [email protected]; te Velde, Dirk W;
Overseas Development Institute; [email protected]; Edouard, Fabrice; Methodus Consultora;; Arancibia, Erik; ;.
Commercialization of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) has been widely promoted as a means of sustainably developing
tropical forest resources, in a way that promotes forest conservation while supporting rural livelihoods. However, in practice,
NTFP commercialization has often failed to deliver the expected benefits. Progress in analyzing the causes of such failure has
been hindered by the lack of a suitable framework for the analysis of NTFP case studies, and by the lack of predictive theory. We
address these needs by developing a probabilistic model based on a livelihood framework, enabling the impact of NTFP
commercialization on livelihoods to be predicted. The framework considers five types of capital asset needed to support
livelihoods: natural,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation; NTFP; Sustainable development; Tropical forest.
Ano: 2006
Questionable Methods
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Jones, Gary; ; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002
The Reflective Practitioner: Learning and Teaching in Community-based Forest Management
Provedor de dados: 7
The world's natural forests, whose rich ecosystems support wildlife and human populations, are declining. In my 17 years as an
international community forester, observing this decline has hardened my resolve to look for answers "outside the box." This
paper is a reflection of some of the important lessons I am learning: to keep an open mind at all times, to remember that I can
never be certain of the outcome of any given effort, to control my biases, to listen carefully, and to find common ground.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Action research; Collaborative forest management; Community forestry; Community-based forest management;
Development theory; Education; Joint forest management; Participatory forest management; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2001
Indigenous Institutions and Their Role in Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience: Evidence from the
2009 Tsunami in American Samoa
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rumbach, Andrew; University of Colorado Denver; [email protected]; Foley, Dolores; University of
Hawaii, Manoa;.
Indigineity has emerged as an important area of focus for research and policy making on disaster risk reduction (DRR) and
resilience. Most research on indigeneity and DRR centers on indigenous knowledge and its integration with western scientific
understandings of hazards and risk. Through a detailed case study of the 2009 tsunami in American Samoa, we argue that
indigenous institutions also play a critical role in disaster risk reduction and resilience. Based on original data from semistructured
interviews, village planning meetings, and focus group discussions, we describe how the indigenous institutions of
fa’a Samoa, or the culture of Samoa, operated in a time of crisis by: (1) structuring emergency decision making and
authority; (2)...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: American Samoa; Disaster management; Disaster risk reduction; Indigenous knowledge; Institutions;
Resilience; Tsunami.
Ano: 2014
Governance of Aquatic Agricultural Systems: Analyzing Representation, Power, and Accountability
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ratner, Blake D.; WorldFish; [email protected]; Cohen, Philippa; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies,
James Cook University; WorldFish; [email protected]; Barman, Benoy; WorldFish; [email protected]; Mam, Kosal;
WorldFish; [email protected]; Nagoli, Joseph; WorldFish; [email protected]; Allison, Edward H.; School of International
Development, University of East Anglia; WorldFish; [email protected].
Aquatic agricultural systems in developing countries face increasing competition from multiple stakeholders over rights to access
and use natural resources, land, water, wetlands, and fisheries, essential to rural livelihoods. A key implication is the need to
strengthen governance to enable equitable decision making amidst competition that spans sectors and scales, building capacities
for resilience, and for transformations in institutions that perpetuate poverty. In this paper we provide a simple framework to
analyze the governance context for aquatic agricultural system development focused on three dimensions: stakeholder
representation, distribution of power, and mechanisms of accountability.
Case studies from Cambodia, Bangladesh,
Malawi/Mozambique,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Accountability; Bangladesh; Cambodia; Civil society; Coastal zone management; Environmental governance;
Livelihoods; Malawi; Mozambique; Power; Social-ecological resilience; Solomon Islands; Stakeholder representation; Wetlands.
Ano: 2013
Landscape Change in the Southern Piedmont: Challenges, Solutions, and Uncertainty Across Scales
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Conroy, Michael J; USGS Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; [email protected]; Allen, Craig;
University of Nebraska; [email protected]; Peterson, James T; USGS Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit;; Pritchard,
Lowell, Jr.; Emory University; [email protected]; Moore, Clinton T; ;.
The southern Piedmont of the southeastern United States epitomizes the complex and seemingly intractable problems and hard
decisions that result from uncontrolled urban and suburban sprawl. Here we consider three recurrent themes in complicated
problems involving complex systems: (1) scale dependencies and cross-scale, often nonlinear relationships;
(2) resilience, in
particular the potential for complex systems to move to alternate stable states with decreased ecological and/or economic value;
and (3) uncertainty in the ability to understand and predict outcomes, perhaps particularly those that occur as a result of human
impacts. We consider these issues in the context of landscape-level decision making, using as an example water resources and
lotic...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Piedmont; Adaptive management; Land use; Model; Resilience; Scale; Sprawl; Uncertainty; Urbanization;
Water resources.
Ano: 2003
Weed Control Experience with Restoration
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Worthen, Richard; ; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003
Biophysical, Socioeconomic, and Geopolitical Vulnerabilities to Hydropower Development on the Nu
River, China
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tullos, Desiree D.; Oregon State University; [email protected]; Foster-Moore, Eric; The World Bank;
[email protected]; Magee, Darrin; Hobart and William Smith Colleges; [email protected]; Tilt, Bryan; Oregon State
University; [email protected]; Wolf, Aaron T.; Oregon State University; [email protected]; Schmitt, Edwin;
Chinese University of Hong Kong; [email protected]; Gassert, Francis; World Resources Institute; [email protected];
Kibler, Kelly; Oregon State University; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: China; Dams; Hydroelectric power; Hydro-politics; International rivers; Nu River; Resettlement; Salween River;
Vulnerability; Yunnan Province.
Ano: 2013
A Forest Management Map of European Forests
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hengeveld, Geerten M.; ALTERRA - Wageningen UR; [email protected]; Nabuurs, Gert-Jan; European
Forest Institute; [email protected]; Didion, Markus; ALTERRA - Wageningen UR; [email protected]; van den
Wyngaert, Isabel; ALTERRA - Wageningen UR; [email protected]; Clerkx, A.P.P.M. (Sandra); ALTERRA Wageningen UR; [email protected]; Schelhaas, Mart-Jan; ALTERRA - Wageningen UR; [email protected].
Forest management to a large extent determines the possible services that the forest can provide. Different objectives in forest
management determine the rotation length and valuation of different stages in forest succession. We present a method of mapping
potential forest management at 1-km resolution to inform policy, land use modeling, and forest resource projections. The
presented method calculates the suitability of a location to different forest management alternatives based on biotic, abiotic,
socioeconomic, and political factors. A sensitivity analysis of the resulting map to the data sources used was performed. This
showed that the results are very sensitive to some data sources. The potential use of the map and the sensitivity to the
availability...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Europe; Forest management approach; Land use mapping.
Ano: 2012
The Effects of Urban Sprawl on Birds at Multiple Levels of Biological Organization
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Blair, Robert; University of Minnesota; [email protected].
Urban sprawl affects the environment in myriad ways and at multiple levels of biological organization. In this paper I explore the
effects of sprawl on native bird communities by comparing the occurrence of birds along gradients of urban land use in
southwestern Ohio and northern California and by examining patterns at the individual, species, community, landscape, and
continental levels. I do this by assessing the distribution and abundance of all bird species occupying sites of differing land-use
intensity in Ohio and California. Additionally, I conducted predation experiments using artificial nests, tracked the nest fate of
American Robins and Northern Cardinals, and assessed land cover in these sites. At the individual level, predation on artificial...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Avian community; California; Cardinalis cardinalis; Extinction; Faunal homogenization; Invasion; Landscape
heterogeneity; Nesting success; Ohio; Predation; Turdus migratorius; Urbanization.
Ano: 2004
Long-term community responses to droughts in the early modern period: the case study of Terrassa,
Spain
Provedor de dados: 7
New challenges posed by global environmental change have motivated scholars to pay growing attention to historical long-term
strategies to deal with climate extremes. We aim to understand long-term trends in community responses to cope with droughts, to
explain how many preindustrial societies coevolved with local hydro-climatic dynamics and coped with climate extremes over
time. The specific goals of this work are: (1) to analyze how local communities experienced droughts over long periods of time
and (2) to document the spectrum of recorded community responses to drought. Our research covers over one century
(1605-1710) of responses to drought in the community of Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain. Data were collected through archival
research. We reviewed and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Drought; Early modern period; Environmental history.
Ano: 2016
Private development-based forest conservation in Patagonia: comparing mental models and revealing
cultural truths
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Serenari, Christopher; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; [email protected]; Peterson, M. Nils; North
Carolina State University; [email protected]; Leung, Yu-Fai; North Carolina State University; [email protected]; Stowhas,
Paulina; University of Wisconsin-Madison; [email protected]; Wallace, Tim; North Carolina State University;
[email protected]; Sills, Erin O.; North Carolina State University; [email protected].
Private protected area (PPA) conservation agents (CA) engaging in development-based conservation in southern Chile have
generated conflict with locals. Poor fit of dominant development-based conservation ideology in rural areas is commonly to
blame. We developed and administered a cultural consensus survey near the Valdivian Coastal Reserve (RCV) and Huilo Huilo
Reserve (HH) to examine fit of CA cultural truths with local residents. Cultural consensus analysis (CCA) of 23 propositions
reflecting CA cultural truths confirmed: (1) a single CA culture exists, and (2) RCV communities were more aligned with this
culture than HH communities. Inadequate communication, inequitable decision making, divergent opinions about livelihood
impacts and trajectories, and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Chile; Cultural consensus; Development; Mental model; Private protected area.
Ano: 2015
Embracing Uncertainty: The Interface of Bayesian Statistics and Cognitive Psychology
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Anderson, Judith L; Dept. of Psychology, Simon Fraser University; [email protected].
Ecologists working in conservation and resource management are discovering the importance of using Bayesian analytic methods
to deal explicitly with uncertainty in data analyses and decision making. However, Bayesian procedures require, as inputs and
outputs, an idea that is problematic for the human brain: the probability of a hypothesis ("single-event probability"). I describe
several cognitive concepts closely related to single-event probabilities, and discuss how their interchangeability in the human
mind results in "cognitive illusions," apparent deficits in reasoning about uncertainty. Each cognitive illusion implies specific
possible pitfalls for the use of single-event probabilities in ecology and resource management. I then discuss recent research...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cognitive psychology; Judgment under uncertainty; Cognitive illusion; Bayesian statistical analysis; Bayesian
decision analysis; Probability; Frequency; Expert elicitation of probabilities.
Ano: 1998
Should Ecosystem Management Involve Active Control of Species Abundances?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lessard, Robert B; University of Alberta; [email protected]; Martell, Steven J. D.; University of British
Columbia; [email protected]; Walters, Carl J; University of British Columbia; [email protected]; Essington,
Timothy E; University of Washington; [email protected]; Kitchell, James F; Center for Limnology, University of
Wisconsin; [email protected].
We review four case studies in which there is a risk of extinction or severe reduction in highly valued species if we ignore either,
or both, of two ecosystem control options. “Symptomatic control” implies direct control of extinction
risk through direct harvesting or culling of competitors and predators. “Systemic control” implies
treating the causes of the problem that led to an unnaturally high abundance in the first place. We demonstrate, with a discussion
of historically observed population trends, how surprising trophic interactions can emerge as a result of alterations to a system.
Simulation models were developed for two of the case studies as aids to adaptive policy design, to expose possible abundance...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem management; Predator control; Trophic interactions.
Ano: 2005
Estimating Resilience Across Landscapes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Peterson, Garry D; McGill University; [email protected].
Although ecological managers typically focus on managing local or regional landscapes, they often have little ability to control or
predict many of the large-scale, long-term processes that drive changes within these landscapes. This lack of control has led some
ecologists to argue that ecological management should aim to produce ecosystems that are resilient to change and surprise.
Unfortunately, ecological resilience is difficult to measure or estimate in the landscapes people manage. In this paper, I extend
system dynamics approaches to resilience and estimate resilience using complex landscape simulation models. I use this approach
to evaluate cross-scale edge, a novel empirical method for estimating resilience based on landscape pattern. Cross-scale...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Alternative stable states; Cross-scale edge; Eglin Air Force Base; Longleaf pine; Oak; Probabilistic resilience;
Spatial resilience.
Ano: 2002
Source/Sink Patterns of Disturbance and Cross-Scale Mismatches in a Panarchy of Social-Ecological
Landscapes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Zaccarelli, Nicola; Landscape Ecology Laboratory, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; [email protected];
Petrosillo, Irene; Landscape Ecology Laboratory, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; [email protected]; Zurlini, Giovanni;
Landscape Ecology Laboratory, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; [email protected]; Riitters, Kurt Hans; U.S. Forest
Service; [email protected].
Land-use change is one of the major factors affecting global environmental change and represents a primary human effect on
natural systems. Taking into account the scales and patterns of human land uses as source/sink disturbance systems, we describe a
framework to characterize and interpret the spatial patterns of disturbances along a continuum of scales in a panarchy of nested
jurisdictional social-ecological landscapes (SELs) like region, provinces, and counties. We detect and quantify those scales
through the patterns of disturbance relative to land use/land cover exhibited on satellite imagery over a 4-yr period in the Apulia
region, South Italy. By using moving windows to measure composition (amount) and spatial configuration (contagion) of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Disturbance mismatches; Disturbance source/sink; Multiscale disturbance patterns; Panarchy; Social-ecological
landscapes.
Ano: 2008
From frequent hurricanes to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in coastal Louisiana: the impact of
regulatory change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cheong, So-Min; University of Kansas, Department of Geography; [email protected].
The issue of whether adaptations to past disasters can impede adaptation to new disasters of a different type or intensity will be
analyzed by examining the transition from frequent hurricanes to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in coastal Louisiana. In
particular, the effects of changed regulatory structures from the Stafford Act to the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 in response to the
Deepwater Horizon oil spill are investigated. The article describes how the federal, state, and local governments adjust. In
addition, it illustrates the shifting focus on the environment with the activation of the Oil Pollution Act and the Clean Water Act. It
wraps up with a discussion of the uncertainty that is pervasive in the case of the oil spill derived from changed...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Disaster response; Government; Hurricanes; Oil spill; Regulation.
Ano: 2014
GM Foods in the UK between 1996 and 1999: Comments on "Genetically Modified Crops: Risks and
Promise" by Gordon Conway
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Krebs, John R; Oxford University; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: BSE; GM food; Consumer; Genetically modified crops; Risks.
Ano: 2000
Disturbance Severity and Threshold Responses in the Boreal Forest
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Frelich, Lee E; University of Minnesota; [email protected]; Reich, Peter B; University of Minnesota;
[email protected].
This essay discusses three potential models relating disturbance severity to post-disturbance stand composition in the boreal
forest: (1) continuous, where changes in disturbance severity cause a proportional and continuous change in stand composition;
(2) discontinuous, where a threshold disturbance severity exists beyond which major changes in composition occur; and (3) the
cusp, where thresholds exist and coexistence of two alternative compositional states is possible at the same disturbance severity.
Any of the three models may be appropriate in different stands or different parts of the boreal forest. If the actual model does not
correspond to that assumed by forest managers, then forest harvesting practices may cause unexpected sudden changes in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Alternative stable states; Disturbance in boreal forest; Disturbance severity; Forest response to changes in;
Minnesota boreal forest; Stability in boreal forest; Forest response to changes in disturbance severity.
Ano: 1998
Climate Change and Western Public Lands: a Survey of U.S. Federal Land Managers on the Status of
Adaptation Efforts
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Archie, Kelli M; Center for Science and Technology Policy Research (CSTPR); Cooperative Institute for Research in
Environmental Sciences (CIRES); and Environmental Studies Program, University of Colorado, Boulder ;
[email protected]; Dilling, Lisa; Center for Science and Technology Policy Research (CSTPR); Cooperative Institute for
Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES); and Environmental Studies Program, University of Colorado, Boulder ;
[email protected]; Milford, Jana B; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder;
[email protected]; Pampel, Fred C; Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder;
[email protected].
Climate change and its associated consequences pose an increasing risk to public lands in the western United States. High-level
mandates currently require federal agencies to begin planning for adaptation, but the extent to which these mandates have
resulted in policies being implemented that affect on the ground practices is unclear. To examine the status of adaptation efforts,
we conducted an original survey and semistructured interviews with land managers from the four major federal land management
agencies in the U.S. states of Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming. The survey was designed to examine current planning for adaptation
on public lands and how it differs from prior planning, the major challenges facing land managers in this region, the major...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; Decision making; Federal agencies; Public lands.
Ano: 2012
How Effective is the Buffer Zone? Linking Institutional Processes with Satellite Images from a Case
Study in the Lore Lindu Forest Biosphere Reserve, Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mehring, Marion; University of Greifswald; Institute for Social-Ecological Research (ISOE); Biodiversity and Climate
Research Centre (BiK-F); [email protected]; Stoll-Kleemann, Susanne; University of Greifswald; [email protected].
Biosphere reserves seek to reconcile nature conservation with local development goals, for example by delineating buffer zones of
sustainable resource use around core areas with primary conservation objectives. Here we evaluate buffer zone effectiveness in
reducing deforestation within the Lore Lindu Biosphere Reserve in Sulawesi, Indonesia. Socio-economic and remote-sensing data
were combined in an integrated approach. We applied a systematic qualitative social research design and carried out in-depth
interviews with local, sub-national, and national authorities. Data collected through the interviews were used to interpret satellite
images: (1) spatially, that is, forest cover change in the buffer zone versus the core area and, (2) over time, that is,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biosphere reserve; Buffer zone; Indonesia; Management effectiveness; Protected area; Remote sensing.
Ano: 2011
Ethics and Water Governance
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Groenfeldt, David; Water-Culture Institute; Adjunct Associate Professor of Anthropology, University of New Mexico;
[email protected]; Schmidt, Jeremy J; University of Western Ontario; [email protected].
Ethics and values are important dimensions of water governance. We show how a "values approach" contributes to an
understanding of global water governance, and how it complements other perspectives on governance, namely management,
institutional capacity, and social-ecological systems. We connect these other approaches to their own value systems and the
ethical attitudes they engender. We then offer a way to explicitly incorporate, and where necessary adjudicate, competing value
systems through a values-based approach to governance. A case of the Santa Fe River in New Mexico, USA illustrates how value
systems are reflected in water policies and how these values affect governance priorities, such as in environmental flows. The
values-based approach...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ethics; Rio Grande; Santa Fe New Mexico; Santa Fe River; Values; Water governance.
Ano: 2013
Coupled Vulnerability and Resilience: the Dynamics of Cross-Scale Interactions in Post-Katrina New
Orleans
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gotham, Kevin F.; Tulane University; [email protected]; Campanella, Richard; Tulane University;
[email protected].
We investigate the impact of trauma on cross-scale interactions in order to identify the major social-ecological factors affecting
the pace and trajectory of post-Katrina rebuilding in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. Disaster and traumatic events create and
activate networks and linkages at different spatial and institutional levels to provide information and resources related to
post-trauma recovery and rebuilding. The extension, intensification, and acceleration of cross-scale linkages and interactions in
response to trauma alter organizational couplings, which then contribute to the vulnerability and resilience of social-ecological
systems. Rather than viewing urban ecosystems as either resilient or vulnerable, we conceptualize them as embodying both...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Disaster; Hurricane Katrina; New Orleans; Resilience; Trauma; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2011
Berkes, F., J. Colding, and C. Folke. 2003. Navigating social-ecological systems: Building resilience for
complexity and change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Starzomski, Brian M; University of British Columbia; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2004
Fragmentation: Is the Message Clear?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bissonette, John A; Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, U.S. Geological Survey;
[email protected]; Storch, Ilse; Wildlife Research and Management Unit, Technical University of Munich and Max Pl;
[email protected].
In this paper, we briefly discuss some of the fundamental problems arising from the inherent complexity of larger-scale ecological
systems. We examine the tenuous assumption of a direct correspondence between ecological data and theory, we comment on a
recent report that evaluated the efficacy of fragmentation experiments, and we briefly assess its implications for ecological
research and conservation practice on the landscape scale.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Experimentation; Fragmentation studies; Landscape ecology.
Ano: 2002
Anthropogenic Drivers of Ecosystem Change: an Overview
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nelson, Gerald C; University of Illinois; [email protected]; Bennett, Elena; McGill University;; Berhe, Asmeret A;
University of California at Berkeley;; Cassman, Kenneth; University of Nebraska;; DeFries, Ruth; University of Maryland;; Dietz,
Thomas; Michigan State University;; Dobermann, Achim; University of Nebraska;; Dobson, Andrew; Princeton University;;
Janetos, Anthony; Joint Global Change Research Institute;; Levy, Marc; Columbia University;; Nakicenovic, Nebojsa; Vienna
University of Technology;; O'Neill, Brian; International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis;; Norgaard, Richard; University
of California at Berkeley;; Petschel-Held, Gerhard; ;; Ojima, Dennis; Colorado State University;; Pingali, Prabhu; FAO;; Watson,
Robert; World Bank;; Zurek, Monika; FAO;.
This paper provides an overview of what the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) calls “indirect and direct
drivers” of change in ecosystem services at a global level. The MA definition of a driver is any natural or
human-induced factor that directly or indirectly causes a change in an ecosystem. A direct driver unequivocally influences
ecosystem processes. An indirect driver operates more diffusely by altering one or more direct drivers. Global driving forces are
categorized as demographic, economic, sociopolitical, cultural and religious, scientific and technological, and physical and
biological. Drivers in all categories other than physical and biological are considered indirect. Important direct drivers include
changes in climate,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Drivers of change; Direct drivers; Indirect drivers; Demographic drivers; Economic drivers;
Sociopolitical drivers; Cultural and religious drivers; Scientific and technological drivers; Physical and biological drivers; Climate
change; Plant nutrient use; Land conversion; Diseases; Invasive species.
Ano: 2006
Understanding social-ecological change and transformation through community perceptions of system
identity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Andrachuk, Mark; University of Waterloo; Environmental Change and Governance Group; [email protected];
Armitage, Derek; University of Waterloo; Environmental Change and Governance Group; [email protected].
We developed an empirical approach to consider social-ecological system change and transformation by drawing on resource
users’ knowledge and perceptions. We applied this approach in the Cau Hai lagoon, a coastal area dominated by
small-scale fisheries in central Vietnam. Nine focus groups with more than 70 fishers were used to gather information about key
social-ecological system elements and interactions, historical social-ecological dynamics, and possible thresholds between distinct
social-ecological system identities. The patterns of change in livelihoods and resource exploitation in the Cau Hai lagoon are
similar to those seen in other coastal lagoon and small-scale fishery contexts. Our findings show some promise for the use of
local...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Aquaculture; Environmental change; Governance; Local knowledge systems; Perceptions; Resilience; Small
scale fisheries; Social-ecological transformations.
Ano: 2015
Sustaining Aquatic Ecosystems in Boreal Regions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schindler, David; University of Alberta; [email protected].
Few boreal waters are managed in a sustainable manner, because cumulative effects of a variety of human activities are not
considered. Fisheries and water quality have declined in most large water bodies of the southern boreal zone. Some of the reasons
are direct, including overexploitation of fisheries, alteration of flow patterns, introductions of non-native species, and discharge of
eutrophying nutrients and persistent contaminants. However, improper management of watersheds and airsheds also causes
degradation of aquatic ecosystems. Clear-cut logging, climatic warming, acid precipitation, and stratospheric ozone depletion are
among the more important of these indirect stressors. There are important interactions among these stressors, requiring that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Atmospheric stressors; Aquatic ecosystems; Biodiversity of streams and lakes; Boreal ecosystems;
Clear-cutting; Cumulative effects; Ecological invasions; Fisheries; Indigenous peoples; Land-water interactions; Sustainable
development; Watershed management.
Ano: 1998
Our Paper on "Biomass Partitioning Following Defoliation of Annual and Perennial Mediterranean
Grasses"
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gutman, Mario; Agricultural Research Organization; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002
A Contextual Analysis of Land-Use and Vegetation Changes in Two Wooded Pastures in the Swiss
Jura Mountains
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wettstein, Jean-Bruno; Bureau d'agronomie, Switzerland; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2013
Plant species richness and abundance in residential yards across a tropical watershed: implications
for urban sustainability
Provedor de dados: 7
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Backyards; Ecosystem services; Front yards; Plant diversity; Residential landscapes; Residential green spaces;
Tropical watersheds; Urban systems; Urban sustainability.
Ano: 2014
Mechanisms Affecting Population Density in Fragmented Habitat
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tischendorf, Lutz; ELUTIS Modelling and Consulting Inc.; [email protected]; Grez, Audrey; Universidad de
Chile; [email protected]; Fahrig, Lenore; Carleton University; [email protected].
We conducted a factorial simulation experiment to analyze the relative importance of movement pattern, boundary-crossing
probability, and mortality in habitat and matrix on population density, and its dependency on habitat fragmentation, as well as
inter-patch distance. We also examined how the initial response of a species to a fragmentation event may affect our observations
of population density in post-fragmentation experiments. We found that the boundary-crossing probability from habitat to matrix,
which partly determines the emigration rate, is the most important determinant for population density within habitat patches. The
probability of crossing a boundary from matrix to habitat had a weaker, but positive, effect on population density. Movement...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Boundary crossing; Emigration; Habitat fragmentation; Immigration; Modeling; Movement; Population density;
Simulation; Time scale.
Ano: 2005
Adaptive Water Governance: Assessing the Institutional Prescriptions of Adaptive (Co-)Management
from a Governance Perspective and Defining a Research Agenda
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Huitema, Dave; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam - Institute for Environmental Studies; [email protected]; Mostert,
Erik; Delft University of Technology - Centre for River Basin Administration; [email protected]; Egas, Wouter; Vrije
Universiteit Amsterdam - Institute for Environmental Studies; [email protected]; Yalcin, Resul; University of Bonn Center for Development Research; [email protected].
This article assesses the institutional prescriptions of adaptive (co-)management based on a literature review of the (water)
governance literature. The adaptive (co-)management literature contains four institutional prescriptions: collaboration in a
polycentric governance system, public participation, an experimental approach to resource management, and management at the
bioregional scale. These prescriptions largely resonate with the theoretical and empirical insights embedded in the (water)
governance literature. However, this literature also predicts various problems. In particular, attention is called to the complexities
associated with participation and collaboration, the difficulty of experimenting in a real-world setting, and the politicized nature...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Bioregional perspective; Experimentation; Polycentric governance; Public participation;
Water management.
Ano: 2009
Governance, Scale and the Environment: The Importance of Recognizing Knowledge Claims in
Transdisciplinary Arenas
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Buizer, Marleen; Centre of Excellence on Climate Change Woodland and Forest Health; [email protected];
Arts, Bas; Forest and Nature Conservation Policy Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre; [email protected]; Kok,
Kasper; Land Dynamics Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Environmental governance; Knowledge claims; Scale science-policy interface; Transdisciplinarity.
Ano: 2011
Organics, trust, and credibility: a management and media research perspective
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rittenhofer, Iris; School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University; [email protected]; Povlsen, Karen
Klitgaard; Department of Aesthetics and Communication, Aarhus University; [email protected].
Our purpose was to qualify the relations between trust, credibility, and the field of organics by way of creating a dialogue between
two independent Organic Research, Development and Demonstration Programme “MultiTrust”
subprojects. Both projects explore the explanatory value of trust and credibility for the success of organic labels in the fields of
management research and media research. Our key objectives were to critically scrutinize the trust and credibility constructs
applied in each of these two fields, to reflect on their explanatory value in the performance of organics from both a management
and media perspective, and to set out an agenda for future interdisciplinary research. We conclude that relations between organic...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Credibility; Customer; Management; Media; Organic food; Organic labels; Trust.
Ano: 2015
Classification of Forest Management Approaches: A New Conceptual Framework and Its
Applicability to European Forestry
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Barreiro, Susana M.; Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia; [email protected]; Hengeveld,
Geerten M.; ALTERRA - Wageningen UR, Team Forest Ecosystems; [email protected]; Lind, Torgny; Department of
Forest Resource Management, SLU; [email protected]; Mason, William L.; Forest Research, Northern Research Station;
[email protected]; Ambrozy, Slawomir; Forest Research Institute; [email protected].
The choice between different forest management practices is a crucial step in short, medium, and long-term decision making in
forestry and when setting up measures to support a regional or national forest policy. Some conditions such as biogeographically
determined site factors, exposure to major disturbances, and societal demands are predetermined, whereas operational processes
such as species selection, site preparation, planting, tending, or thinning can be altered by management. In principle, the concept
of a forest management approach provides a framework for decision making, including a range of silvicultural operations that
influence the development of a stand or group of trees over time. These operations vary among silvicultural systems and can be...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Basic principles; Forest management approaches; Management intensity; Operational processes; Silvicultural
systems.
Ano: 2012
Comments on "Genetically Modified Crops: Risks and Promise" by Gordon Conway
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gadgil, Madhav; Indian Institute of Science; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Citizen science; Exclusion; Global development; Green revolution; New culture; Plant biotechnology; Poverty;
Public participation.
Ano: 2000
Introduction to the Special Feature: Educating for Integration and Sustainability
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gass, Clifton Lee; University of British Columbia; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Interactive engagement; Interdisciplinary education; Introduction.
Ano: 2002
Cross-Disciplinary Collaboration and Learning
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pennington, Deana D; Long Term Ecological Research Network Office; University of New Mexico;
[email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collaboration; Collective thinking; Cross-disciplinary science.
Ano: 2008
Resilience revisited: taking institutional theory seriously
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sjöstedt, Martin; Department of Political Science, University of Gothenburg; [email protected].
Resilience thinking has in recent decades emerged as a key perspective within research and policy focusing on sustainable
development and the global environmental challenges of today. Originating from ecology, the concept has gained a reputation far
beyond its original disciplinary borders and now plays a key role in the study and practice of environmental governance in
general. Although I fully support the interdisciplinary ambitions of resilience thinking, I argue that if the resulting scholarly
insights and policy advice are to be of any true added value, resilience thinking should take existing social scientific advances
more seriously. In particular, I argue that resilience thinking does not give sufficient recognition to the already existing accounts...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Institutional change; Institutions; Resilience.
Ano: 2015
Impacts on Canadian Competitiveness of International Climate Change Mitigation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Holling, Christopher; DRI-WEFA; [email protected]; Somerville, Robin; Standard & Poors DRI;
[email protected].
This article summarizes and provides additional perspective on a study that contributes to the growing body of analyses of the
costs of limiting greenhouse gas emissions. The study estimates the economic costs to Canada of six planning scenarios. Four
of these scenarios involve the use of tradable emission permits and two involved a carbon tax. In each case, the mechanism's
target is to stabilize greenhouse gas emissions at some percentage of 1990 levels (100% or 90%) by either 2010 or 2015. Policies
that impose greater constraints on carbon dioxide emissions lead to higher economic costs in terms of foregone output. These
costs, however, vary for the same objective, depending on the mechanism chosen and the economic assumptions made. In one
typical...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Greenhouse Gas Emission Limits; Canada; Economic Impact; Costs.
Ano: 1998
The Role of Fire in Changing Land Use and Livelihoods in Riau-Sumatra
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Suyanto, S.; World Agroforestry (ICRAF); [email protected]; Applegate, Grahame; ;
[email protected]; Permana, Rizki Pandu; ; [email protected]; Khususiyah, Noviana; ;
[email protected]; Kurniawan, Iwan; ; [email protected].
Results from remote sensing analysis, participatory mapping, socio-economic interviews, and hotspot information that were
analyzed in a geographic information system (GIS) show how fire has changed the landscape through its use in land preparation
for oil palm and timber plantations and in the development of transmigration settlements. These timber and oil palm plantations
have greatly altered the livelihood options of the communities, and have created conflict between communities and companies
over land-use allocation and tenure. In many cases, conflict over tenure has been the motive for forest and land fires during the
annual dry season. The study suggests that, where partnerships between communities and companies were established to develop
oil palm...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Forest fire; Indonesia; Land fire; Oil palm plantation; Partnership; Sumatra; Tenure conflict; Timber plantation.
Ano: 2004
The Kyoto Protocol Is Cost-effective
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gatto, Marino; Politecnico di Milano; [email protected]; Caizzi, Andrea; CESI, Business Unit Ambiente;
[email protected]; Rizzi, Luca; CESI, Business Unit Ambiente; [email protected]; De Leo, Giulio A; Agenzia Regionale per la
Protezione dell' Ambiente; [email protected].
Despite recent advances, there is a high degree of uncertainty concerning the climate change that would result from increasing
atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations. Also, opponents of the Kyoto Protocol raised the key objection that reducing
emissions would impose an unacceptable economic burden on businesses and consumers. Based on an analysis of alternative
scenarios for electricity generation in Italy, we show that if the costs in terms of damage to human health, material goods,
agriculture, and the environment caused by greenhouse gas emissions are included in the balance, the economic argument against
Kyoto is untenable. Most importantly, the argument holds true even if we exclude global external costs (those due to global
warming), and account...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cost-benefit analysis; Electric power generation; Environmental costs; Externalities; Greenhouse gasses; Italian
economic impacts; Kyoto Protocol.
Ano: 2002
Policy Research Using Agent-Based Modeling to Assess Future Impacts of Urban Expansion into
Farmlands and Forests
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Guzy, Michael R; Oregon State University, Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering;
[email protected]; Smith, Courtland L; Oregon State University, Department of Anthropology;
[email protected]; Bolte, John P; Oregon State University, Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering;
[email protected]; Hulse, David W; University of Oregon, Department of Landscape Architecture; [email protected];
Gregory, Stanley V; Oregon State University, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife; [email protected].
The expansion of urban land uses into farmlands and forests requires an assessment of future ecological impacts. Spatially explicit
agent-based models can represent the changes in resilience and ecological services that result from different land-use policies.
When modeling complex adaptive systems, both the methods used to interpret results and the standards of rigor used to judge
adequacy are complicated and require additional research. Recent studies suggest that it would be appropriate to use these models
as an extension of exploratory analysis. This type of analysis generates ensembles of alternate plausible representations of future
system conditions. User expertise steers interactive, stepwise system exploration toward inductive reasoning about...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Social-ecological systems; Agricultural-urban interface; Fish habitat; Ecosystem health; Urban containment
policies; Agent-based models.
Ano: 2008
From local to central: a network analysis of who manages plant pest and disease outbreaks across
scales
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McAllister, Ryan R. J.; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; [email protected];
Robinson, Catherine J; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; [email protected]; Maclean,
Kirsten; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; [email protected]; Guerrero, Angela M;
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The
University of Queensland; [email protected]; Collins, Kerry; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation;
[email protected]; Taylor, Bruce M; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; [email protected];
De Barro, Paul J; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; [email protected].
One of the key determinants of success in managing natural resources is “institutional fit,” i.e., how well
the suite of required actions collectively match the scale of the environmental problem. The effective management of pest and
pathogen threats to plants is a natural resource problem of particular economic, social, and environmental importance. Responses
to incursions are managed by a network of decision makers and managers acting at different spatial and temporal scales. We
applied novel network theoretical methods to assess the propensity of growers, local industry, local state government, and state
and national government head offices to foster either within- or across-scale coordination during the successful 2001 Australian...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Banana; Cross scale; Emergency Plant Pest Response Deed; EPPRD; Exponential random graph model; False
Panama.
Ano: 2015
Resisting Diversity: a Long-Term Archaeological Study
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nelson, Margaret C; ; [email protected]; Hegmon, Michelle; Arizona State University;; Kulow, Stephanie R; Arizona
State University;; Peeples, Matthew A; Arizona State University;; Kintigh, Keith W; Arizona State University;; Kinzig, Ann P;
Arizona State University;.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Archaeology; Long-term; Resilience; Social diversity; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2011
Local Management Practices for Dealing with Change and Uncertainty: A Cross-scale Comparison of
Cases in Sweden and Tanzania
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Belfrage, Kristina; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; [email protected].
We investigated and compared management practices for dealing with uncertainty in agroecosystem dynamics in two cases of
smallholder farming in different parts of the world: northeast Tanzania and east-central Sweden. Qualitative research methods
were applied to map farmers' practices related to agroecosystem management. The practices are clustered according to a
framework of ecosystem services relevant for agricultural production and discussed using a theoretical model of ecosystem
dynamics. Almost half of the identified practices were found to be similar in both cases, with similar approaches for adjusting to
and dealing with local variability and disturbance. Practices that embraced the ecological roles of wild as well as domesticated
flora and fauna...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Mbulu highlands; Roslagen; Sweden; Tanzania; Agroecosystem; Biodiversity; Bioindicators; Local ecological
knowledge; Management practices; Resilience; Traditional ecological knowledge.
Ano: 2004
Catalyst: reimagining sustainability with and through fine art
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Connelly, Angela; Manchester Architecture Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK ;
[email protected]; Guy, Simon C; Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK ;
[email protected]; Wainwright, Dr. Edward; School of Architecture, Planning & Landscape, Newcastle University,
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK ; [email protected]; Weileder, Wolfgang; Fine Art, School of Arts and Cultures,
Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK ; [email protected]; Wilde, Marianne; Fine Art, School of Arts and
Cultures, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
; [email protected].
How might we begin to explore the concept of the “sustainable city” in a world often characterized as
dynamic, fluid, and contested? Debates about the sustainable city are too often dominated by a technological discourse conducted
among professional experts, but this technocratic framing is open to challenge. For some critics, sustainability is a meaningless
notion, yet for others its semantic pliability opens up discursive spaces through which to explore interconnections across time,
space, and scale. Thus, while enacting sustainability in policy and practice is an arduous task, we can productively ask how
cultural imaginations might be stirred and shaken to make sustainability accessible to a wider public who might join the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Coproduction; Interdisciplinarity; Practice-led research; Sustainability; Urban.
Ano: 2016
The Influence of Forums and Multilevel Governance on the Climate Adaptation Practices of
Australian Organizations
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bates, Lorraine E.; CSIRO Social and Economic Sciences Program; [email protected]; Green, Melissa; CSIRO Social
and Economic Sciences Program; [email protected]; Leonard, Rosemary; CSIRO Social and Economic Sciences Program;
[email protected]; Walker, Iain; CSIRO Social and Economic Sciences Program; [email protected].
To date, there are few regulations and policies relating to climate change in Australia. Uncertainty about the timing, structure, and
potential impact of proposed legislation such as a national carbon abatement scheme, is leading to planning delays across the
country. To assist with these policy uncertainties, organizations can embed themselves in multilevel governance frameworks that
inform, structure, and facilitate strategic development, planning, and action. As part of these networks, organizational
representatives also engage in formal and informal forums, a type of interorganizational relationship, which can include industry
task forces, policy development committees, interagency groups, and specific climate change committees. Forums constitute an...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Climate adaptation; Climate change; Decision making; Forums; Multilevel governance; Networks; Organization.
Ano: 2013
Household Land Management and Biodiversity: Secondary Succession in a Forest-Agriculture Mosaic
in Southern Mexico
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Roy Chowdhury, Rinku; University of Miami; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Household decision making; Land allocation models; Mexico; Secondary forest.
Ano: 2007
Exploring Resilience and Transformability of a River Basin in the Face of Socioeconomic and
Ecological Crisis: an Example from the Amudarya River Basin, Central Asia
Provedor de dados: 7
Water from the Amudarya River is a vital and strategic resource for semi-arid Uzbekistan because of its heavy reliance on
irrigated agriculture. The Uzbek water management regime, however, has proven to be rather reluctant to adapt to changing
environmental and socio-political conditions despite recent massive pressures caused by political, environmental, or
donor-induced developments in the region. The aim of this paper is to explore reasons for the low adaptability of the Uzbek
water sector and assess implications for the resilience of the Uzbek social-ecological system (SES). By analyzing past losses of
resilience as well as first attempts at institutional change in land and water management, we identify drivers as well as structural
factors and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Amudarya river basin; Reform; Resilience; Transformation; Uzbekistan; Water management.
Ano: 2011
A Framework for Participatory Impact Assessment: Involving Stakeholders in European Policy
Making, a Case Study of Land Use Change in Malta
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Morris, Jake Breton; Forest Research; [email protected]; Tassone, Valentina; Wageningen University;
[email protected]; de Groot, Rudolf; Wageningen University; [email protected]; Camilleri, Marguerite; Malta
Environment & Planning Authority; [email protected]; Moncada, Stefano; University of Malta;
[email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: European policy making; Land use change; Malta; Participatory impact assessment; Stakeholder participation.
Ano: 2011
Highly Optimized Tolerant (HOT) Farms in Rondônia: Productivity and Farm Size, and
Implications for Environmental Licensing
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bell, Andrew Reid; School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2011
Scale and ecosystem services: how do observation, management, and analysis shift with
scale—lessons from Québec
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Raudsepp-Hearne, Ciara; McGill University; [email protected]; Peterson, Garry D; Stockholm Resilience Centre,
Stockholm University; [email protected].
Ecosystem service assessment and management are shaped by the scale at which they are conducted; however, there has been
little systematic investigation of the scales associated with ecosystem service processes, such as production, benefit distribution,
and management. We examined how social-ecological spatial scale impacts ecosystem service assessment by comparing how
ecosystem service distribution, trade-offs, and bundles shift across spatial scales. We used a case study in Québec,
Canada, to analyze the scales of production, consumption, and management of 12 ecosystem services and to analyze how
interactions among 7 of these ecosystem services change across 3 scales of observation (1, 9, and 75 km²). We found
that ecosystem service...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Covariance; Ecosystem service bundles; Mont Saint-Hilaire; Problem of fit; Scaling; Social-ecological; Spatial;
Trade-offs.
Ano: 2016
The Adaptive Decision-Making Process as a Tool for Integrated Natural Resource Management:
Focus, Attitudes, and Approach
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lal, Padma; Australian National University; [email protected]; Lim-Applegate, Hazel; Australian National
University; [email protected]; Scoccimarro, Michelle C; Australian National University;.
Integrated natural resource management (INRM) and its many closely related approaches are generally considered to be more
effective than single-disciplinary approaches for managing the complex resource issues currently facing many countries. INRM
approaches aim to integrate several disciplines and involve different stakeholders operating in their own subsystems across
different spatial and temporal scales. These approaches focus on identifying management strategies for sustaining natural resource
stocks and flows of goods and services as well as their underlying ecological processes. Changes in the behavior of consumers and
producers and in the allocation of resources among uses, users, time, and space will be necessary to achieve sustainable
development....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive decision-making process; Bioeconomic models; Commodity research; Decision support system;
Integrated natural resource management.
Ano: 2001
Modeling urban expansion policy scenarios using an agent-based approach for Guangzhou
Metropolitan Region of China
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tian, Guangjin; State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal
University; [email protected]; Qiao, Zhi; State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of
Environment, Beijing Normal University; [email protected].
Policy makers and the human decision processes of urban planning have an impact on urban expansion. The behaviors and
decision modes of regional authority, real estate developer, resident, and farmer agents and their interactions can be simulated by
the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method. The driving factors are regressed with urban dynamics instead of static land-use
types. Agents’ behaviors and decision modes have an impact on the urban dynamic pattern by adjusting parameter
weights. We integrate an agent-based model) (ABM) with AHP to investigate a complex decision-making process and future
urban dynamic processes. Three policy scenarios for baseline development, rapid development, and green land protection have
been applied to predict...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agent-based model; Analytical hierarchy process; Guangzhou; Policy makers; Scenario analysis.
Ano: 2014
The evolution and performance of river basin management in the Murray-Darling Basin
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ross, Andrew; Australian National University; [email protected]; Connell, Daniel; Australian National University;
[email protected].
We explore bioregional management in the Murray-Darling Basin (MDB) in Australia through the institutional design
characteristics of the MDB River Basin Organization (RBO), the actors and organizations who supported and resisted the
establishment of the RBO, and the effectiveness of the RBO. During the last 25 years, there has been a major structural reform in
the MDB RBO, which has changed from an interstate coordinating body to an Australian government agency. Responsibility for
basin management has been centralized under the leadership of the Australian government, and a comprehensive integrated Basin
plan has been adopted. The driving forces for this centralization include national policy to restore river basins to sustainable levels
of extraction,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Centralization; Coordination; Environment; Management; River basin organization; Stakeholders.
Ano: 2016
Local and regional strategies for rebuilding fisheries management institutions in coastal British
Columbia: what components of comanagement are most critical?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pinkerton, Evelyn; Simon Fraser University; [email protected]; Angel, Eric; Simon Fraser University;
[email protected]; Ladell, Neil; Simon Fraser University; [email protected]; Williams, Percy; Gwayasdums, BC;
[email protected]; Nicolson, Midori; Land & Marine Resources Director, Dzawadaenuxw First Nation;
[email protected]; Thorkelson, Joy; United Fishermen and Allied Workers Union-UNIFOR; [email protected]; Clifton,
Henry; Native Brotherhood of British Columbia; [email protected].
Aboriginal and nonaboriginal fishing-dependent communities on the coast of British Columbia, Canada, having lost traditional
fisheries management institutions along with significant fishing opportunity, are in the process of rebuilding local and regional
institutions to allow their survival. Sometimes, the rebuilding effort involves the creation of largely new institutions. It can also
involve the reactivation, reinvention, or repositioning of older ones. We consider the aspirations, strategies, and activities of
organizations in two regions of the coast involved in two different fisheries: salmon on the north coast and intertidal clams in the
Broughton Archipelago. We analyze what the two regions have in common, as well as their differences, to generate...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Clams; Fisheries comanagement; Necessary conditions; Regional institutions; Salmon.
Ano: 2014
Biological and Ecological Mechanisms Supporting Marine Self-Governance: the Seri Callo de Hacha
Fishery in Mexico
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Basurto, Xavier; Indiana University; Duke University; Comunidad y Biodiversidad AC; [email protected].
My goal was to describe how biological and ecological factors give shape to fishing practices that can contribute to the successful
self-governance of a small-scale fishing system in the Gulf of California, Mexico. The analysis was based on a comparison of the
main ecological and biological indicators that fishers claim to use to govern their day-to-day decision making about fishing and
data collected in situ. I found that certain indicators allow fishers to learn about differences and characteristics of the resource
system and its units. Fishers use such information to guide their day-to-day fishing decisions. More importantly, these decisions
appear unable to shape the reproductive viability of the fishery because no indicators were correlated to the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Atrina tuberculosa; Callo de hacha; Common-pool resources; Diving fisheries; Gulf of California; Mexico; Pen
shells; Pinna rugosa; Resilience; Scallop; Seri; Small-scale fisheries; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2008
The Ghost of Development Past: the Impact of Economic Security Policies on Saami Pastoral
Ecosystems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fauchald, Per; Department of Arctic Ecology, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research; [email protected]; Tveraa,
Torkild; Department of Arctic Ecology, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research; [email protected]; Pedersen, Elisabeth;
Department of Arctic Ecology, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Big push; Development policies; Economic security trap; Environmental risks; Pastoralist ecosystems;
Resilience; Saami; Tundra; Win-win.
Ano: 2011
Social-Ecological Predictors of Global Invasions and Extinctions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lotz, Aaron; University of California, Davis; [email protected]; Allen, Craig R.; Nebraska Cooperative Fish and
Wildlife Research Unit ; [email protected].
Most assessments of resilience have been focused on local conditions. Studies focused on the relationship between humanity and
environmental degradation are rare, and are rarely comprehensive. We investigated multiple social-ecological factors for 100
countries around the globe in relation to the percentage of invasions and extinctions within each country. These 100 countries
contain approximately 87% of the world’s population, produce 43% of the world’s per capita gross
domestic product (GDP), and take up 74% of the earth’s total land area. We used an information theoretic approach
to determine which models were most supported by our data, utilizing an a priori set of plausible models that included a
combination of 15...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Endangered species conservation; Extinctions; Invasions; Invasive species management;
Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2013
Enhancing the Resilience of Human–Environment Systems: a Social Ecological
Perspective
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Stokols, Daniel; School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine; [email protected]; Lejano, Raul Perez;
School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine; [email protected]; Hipp, John; School of Social Ecology,
University of California, Irvine; [email protected].
Resilience studies build on the notion that phenomena in the real world should be understood as dynamic
social–ecological systems. However, the scholarly community may not be fully aware that social ecology, as a
conceptual framework, has a long intellectual history, nor fully cognizant of its foundational theory. In this article, we trace the
intellectual roots and core principles of social ecology and demonstrate how these principles enable a broader conceptualization of
resilience than may be found in much of the literature. We then illustrate how the resulting notion of resilience as transactional
process and multi-capital formation affords new perspectives on diverse phenomena such as global financial crises and adaptation
to environmental...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Environment– Behavior transactions; Resilience; Social capital; Social ecology.
Ano: 2013
Long-Term Forest Dynamics and Land-Use Abandonment in the Mediterranean Mountains, Corsica,
France
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mouillot, Florent; DREAM CEFE/CNRS, France;.
Human practices have had an impact on Mediterranean ecosystems for millennia, particularly through agricultural and pastoral
activities. Since the mid-19th century, land-use abandonment has led to the expansion of shrubland and forest, especially in the
mountainous areas of the northern Mediterranean basin. Knowledge of these factors is vital to understanding present forest
patterns and predicting future forest dynamics in the Mediterranean mountains. We aimed to analyze and understand how land-use
abandonment affected spatial modifications of landscapes in two study areas, 44,000 ha and 60,000 ha, located on the island of
Corsica, France, representing a typical Mediterranean environment with chestnut forests. Our approach used land-cover archive
documents...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Historical archives; Human population; Landscape patterns; Land-use change; Mediterranean ecosystems.
Ano: 2013
Risk Mapping of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Distribution and Spread
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Peterson, A. Townsend; ; [email protected]; Williams, Richard A. J.; ; [email protected].
The rapid emergence and spread of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza begs effective and accurate mapping of current
knowledge and future risk of infection. Methods for such mapping, however, are rudimentary, and few good examples exist for
use as templates for risk-mapping efforts. We review the transmission cycle of avian influenza viruses, and identify points on
which risk-mapping can focus. We provide examples from the literature and from our work that illustrate mapping risk based on
(1) avian influenza case occurrences, (2) poultry distributions and movements, and (3) migratory bird movements.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Avian influenza; Land birds; Poultry; Risk mapping; Wild birds.
Ano: 2008
From local scenarios to national maps: a participatory framework for envisioning the future of
Tanzania
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Capitani, Claudia; York Institute for Tropical Ecosystems, Environment Department, University of York;
[email protected]; Mukama, Kusaga; WWF Tanzania, Forest Programme; [email protected]; Mbilinyi,
Boniface; Department of Agricultural Engineering and Land Planning, Sokoine University of Agriculture; [email protected];
Malugu, Isaac O.; WWF Tanzania, Forest Programme; [email protected]; Munishi, Pantaleo K. T.; Department of Forest
Biology, Sokoine University of Agriculture; [email protected]; Burgess, Neil D; UNEP World Conservation Monitoring
Centre; CMEC, The Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen; [email protected]; Platts, Philip J.;
Department of Biology, University of York; [email protected]; Sallu, Susannah M; Sustainability Research Institute,
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds; [email protected]; Marchant, Robert; York Institute for Tropical
Ecosystems, Environment Department, University of York; [email protected].
Tackling societal and environmental challenges requires new approaches that connect top-down global oversight with bottom-up
subnational knowledge. We present a novel framework for participatory development of spatially explicit scenarios at national
scale that model socioeconomic and environmental dynamics by reconciling local stakeholder perspectives and national spatial
data. We illustrate results generated by this approach and evaluate its potential to contribute to a greater understanding of the
relationship between development pathways and sustainability.
Using the lens of land use and land cover changes, and engaging
240 stakeholders representing subnational (seven forest management zones) and the national level, we applied the framework to
assess...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Coupled human-natural system; Deforestation; Ecosystem services; Land use and land cover change; REDD+;
Sustainable development.
Ano: 2016
Empirical Accounting of Adaptation to Environmental Change: Organizational Competencies and
Biodiversity in Finnish Forest Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Primmer, Eeva; Finnish Environment Institute; [email protected]; Wolf, Steven A; Department of Natural
Resources, Cornell University; [email protected].
Integration of biodiversity conservation into economic utilization of natural resources has become a central response to the
challenges of sustainable development. However, the resources and competencies required to implement such an integrated
strategy at the level of the individual, the organization, and the sector are not known. To address this knowledge gap, we have
developed an approach to analyze responses of organizations to environmental change and evolving social demands for
biodiversity conservation. We analyze the scale, scope, and distribution of the resources and competencies that support the
delineation of ecologically significant habitats in intensively managed nonindustrial private forests in Finland, an important
international actor in the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Competency; Organization; Innovation; Nonindustrial private forestry; Biodiversity conservation; Habitat
delineation; Resource-based view; Institutions; Finland.
Ano: 2009
Synthesis of the Storylines
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cork, Steven J; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems and Land & Water Australia; [email protected];
Peterson, Garry D; Department of Geography & McGill School of the Environment, McGill University;
[email protected]; Bennett, Elena M; Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison; [email protected];
Zurek, Monika; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO); [email protected].
This paper outlines the qualitative components (the storylines) of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) scenarios.
Drawing on a mixture of expert knowledge, experience, and published literature, we have explored plausible consequences of four
trajectories for human development. The storylines have been designed to draw out both benefits and risks for ecosystems and
human well-being in all four trajectories with enough richness of detail to allow readers to immerse themselves in the world of the
scenario. Only a summarized version of the storylines is presented here; readers are encouraged to read the more detailed versions
(MA 2005). Together with the quantitative models (Alcamo et al. 2005) the storylines provide a base from which others can
consider...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Economic development; Ecosystem services; Environmental management; Environmental
technology; Futures; Poverty reduction; Regime shifts; Resilience; Scenarios; Urbanization.
Ano: 2006
Public forest policy development in New Brunswick, Canada: multiple streams approach, advocacy
coalition framework, and the role of science
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Anderson, William F. A.; University of New Brunswick, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management;
[email protected]; MacLean, David A.; University of New Brunswick, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management;
[email protected].
In a 15-year case study, we used the multiple streams approach (MSA) and the advocacy coalition framework (ACF) to examine a
controversial industry-led proposal for increased harvest of Crown forests in New Brunswick, Canada, in an adversarial policy
subsystem. Study participants were queried on their perceptions of policy problems and reasons for community attention, the
relationship between science and policy, and whether policy decisions were consistent with scientific understanding. Thematic
analysis was used to examine interview data for evidence of Kingdon’s MSA and Sabatier’s ACF.
During public hearings of a Legislative Select Committee on Wood Supply, two competing policy alternatives emerged. The first,
put forward by the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Crown forests; Forest management; Forest policy; Government agenda; Jaakko Pö Yry report;
Policy; Policy-oriented learning; Policy windows.
Ano: 2015
Visions, beliefs, and transformation: exploring cross-sector and transboundary dynamics in the wider
Mekong region
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Smajgl, Alex; MERFI Mekong Region Futures Institute; CSIRO Land and Water Flagship;
[email protected]; Ward, John R.; MERFI Mekong Region Futures Institute; CSIRO Land and Water Flagship;
[email protected]; Foran, Tira; CSIRO Land and Water Flagship; [email protected]; Dore, John; DFAT
Australian Aid, Australian Embassy, Bangkok, Thailand; [email protected]; Larson, Silva; CSIRO Land and Water
Flagship; College of Business, Law and Governance, Division of Tropical Environments and Societies, James Cook University;
[email protected].
Policy and investment decisions in highly connected, developing regions can have implications that extend beyond their initial
objectives of national development and poverty reduction. Local level decisions that aim to promote trajectories toward desirable
futures are often transformative, unexpectedly altering factors that are determined at higher regional levels. The converse also
applies. The ability to realize desirable local futures diminishes if decision-making processes are not coordinated with other
influential governance and decision levels. Providing effective support across multiple levels of decision making in a connected,
transformative environment requires (a) identification and articulation of desired outcomes at the relevant levels of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Complexity; Development; Mekong; Participatory research.
Ano: 2015
Civic ecology practices: insights from practice theory
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Krasny, Marianne E; Civic Ecology Lab, Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University; [email protected];
Silva, Philip; Civic Ecology Lab, Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University; [email protected]; Barr, Cornelia;
Gateway Environmental Initiative; [email protected]; Golshani, Zahra; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign;
golshani@gmail. com; Lee, Eunju; Civic Ecology Lab, Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University; [email protected];
Ligas, Robert; Five Rivers MetroParks; [email protected]; Mosher, Eve; Seeding the City; [email protected]; Reynosa,
Andrea; Tusten Heritage Community Garden; [email protected].
Our aim was to explore the use of practice theory as an approach to studying urban environmental stewardship. Urban
environmental stewardship, or civic ecology practice, contributes to ecosystem services and community well-being and has been
studied using social-ecological systems resilience, property rights, communities of practice, and governance frameworks. Practice
theory, which previously has been applied in studies of consumer behaviors, adds a new perspective to urban stewardship
research, focusing on how elements of a practice, such as competencies, meanings, and physical resource, together define the
practice. We applied practice theory to eight different civic ecology practices, including oyster gardening in New York City, a
civil society group...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Civic ecology; Practice theory; Stewardship; Urban.
Ano: 2015
REDD+ policy networks in Brazil: constraints and opportunities for successful policy making
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gebara, Maria Fernanda; Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro; Center for International Forestry Research;
Department of International Development, LSE; [email protected]; Fatorelli, Leandra; Sustainability Research Institute,
University of Leeds; [email protected]; May, Peter; Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro; Center for International
Forestry Research; [email protected]; Zhang, Shaozeng; University of California; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Actors; Brazil; Networks; Policy making; REDD+.
Ano: 2014
Elasticity in ecosystem services: exploring the variable relationship between ecosystems and human
well-being
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Daw, Tim M.; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; [email protected]; Hicks,
Christina C.; Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, UK; Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University,
Monterey, California, USA; ARC Center of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland,
Australia; [email protected]; Brown, Katrina; Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn,
Cornwall, UK; [email protected]; Chaigneau, Tomas; Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter,
Penryn, Cornwall, UK; [email protected]; Januchowski-Hartley, Fraser A.; Geography, College of Life and
Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK; [email protected]; Cheung, William W. L.; Nippon
Foundation-Nereus Program, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C.,
Canada; [email protected]; Crona, Beatrice; Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere, Royal Swedish Academy of
Science, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; [email protected];
Coulthard, Sarah; Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; [email protected]; Sandbrook, Chris;
United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK; Department of Geography,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; [email protected]; Perry, Chris; Geography, College of Life and
Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK; [email protected]; Muthiga, Nyawira A.; Wildlife Conservation
Society, Marine Program, Bronx, New York, USA; Wildlife Conservation Society, Marine Program Kenya, Mombasa, Kenya;
[email protected]; Bosire, Jared; WWF Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; [email protected]; McClanahan, Tim R.; Wildlife
Conservation Society, Marine Program, Bronx, New York, USA; [email protected].
Although ecosystem services are increasingly recognized as benefits people obtain from nature, we still have a poor understanding
of how they actually enhance multidimensional human well-being, and how well-being is affected by ecosystem change. We
develop a concept of “ecosystem service elasticity” (ES elasticity) that describes the sensitivity of human
well-being to changes in ecosystems. ES Elasticity is a result of complex social and ecological dynamics and is context dependent,
individually variable, and likely to demonstrate nonlinear dynamics such as thresholds and hysteresis. We present a conceptual
framework that unpacks the chain of causality from ecosystem stocks through flows, goods, value, and shares to contribute to
the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Coastal ecosystems; Conceptual framework; East Africa; Environmentalists’ ; Fisheries;
Mangroves; Paradox.
Ano: 2016
What we have lost and cannot become: societal outcomes of coastal erosion in southern Belize
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Karlsson, Marianne; Center for International Climate and Environmental Research - Oslo (CICERO); Department of
International Environment and Development Studies, Norwegian University of Life Sciences; [email protected]; van
Oort, Bob; Center for International Climate and Environmental Research - Oslo (CICERO); [email protected].
Countries in the Caribbean region, including Belize, are vulnerable to coastal erosion. Experts and scholars have assessed the
effects of coastal erosion in the region in physical and economic terms, most often from a sectoral perspective. However, less
attention has been directed to the localized and nonquantifiable effects of coastal erosion in the region. We address this research
gap by presenting an empirical study of a village in southern Belize that has experienced significant coastal erosion since the
mid-1980s. Drawing on interviews, a mapping exercise, and a literature review, we analyze how villagers are experiencing the
impacts of coastal change, and what the resulting risks and losses mean for the socioeconomic stability of the village. We...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Belize; Caribbean; Coastal erosion; Risk and loss.
Ano: 2015
Integrating Sacred Knowledge for Conservation: Cultures and Landscapes in Southwest China
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Xu, Jianchu; Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences; [email protected]; Ma, Erzi T; Liangshan
Nationality Institute;; Tashi, Duojie; Snowland Greatrivers Environmental Protection Association; [email protected]; Fu,
Yongshou; Yunnan College of Art; [email protected]; Lu, Zhi; Conservation International; [email protected]; Melick,
David; Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences; [email protected].
China is undergoing economic growth and expansion to a free market economy at a scale and pace that are unprecedented in
human history. This is placing great pressure on the country’s environment and cultural diversity. This paper
examines a number of case histories in China, focusing on the culturally varied and ecologically diverse southwest region of the
country. We show how developments in recent Chinese history have devalued and in some cases eliminated indigenous
knowledge and practices in the quest to strengthen the centralized state. Despite these changes, more than 30 ethnic minorities live
in southwest China. For generations these peoples have maintained landscapes through traditional land use and cultural practices.
This indigenous...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Economic development; Environmental degradation; Ethnic minorities; Indigenous knowledge;
Sacred knowledge; China.
Ano: 2005
Differential Vulnerability to Hurricanes in Cuba, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic: The
Contribution of Education
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pichler, Adelheid; University of Vienna; [email protected]; Striessnig, Erich; Wittgenstein Centre for
Demography and Global Human Capital (IIASA, VID, WU), Vienna University of Economics and Business;
[email protected].
The possible impacts of the level of formal education on different aspects of disaster management, prevention, alarm, emergency,
or postdisaster activities, were studied in a comparative perspective for three countries with a comparable exposure to hurricane
hazards but different capacities for preventing harm. The study focused on the role of formal education in reducing vulnerability
operating through a long-term learning process and put particular emphasis on the education of women. The comparative
statistical analysis of the three countries was complemented through qualitative studies in Cuba and the Dominican Republic
collected in 2010-2011. We also analyzed to what degree targeted efforts to reduce vulnerability were interconnected with other
policy...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacities; Caribbean; Education; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2013
Assessing the Resilience of a River Management Regime: Informal Learning in a Shadow Network in
the Tisza River Basin
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sendzimir, Jan; IIASA; [email protected]; Magnuszewski, Piotr; IIASA; Wroclaw University of Technology;
[email protected]; Flachner, Zsuzsanna; Research Institute for Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry of
Hungarian Academy of Sciences; [email protected]; Molnar, Geza; Bokartis; [email protected]; Nagy, Zsuzsanna; Corvinus
University of Budapest; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Flooding; Floodplain; Regime shift; Resilience; Tisza River; Transformability.
Ano: 2008
Consumer Preferences Determine Resilience of Ecological-Economic Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Derissen, Sandra; Department of Economics, University of Kiel, Germany; [email protected]; Quaas,
Martin F; Department of Economics, University of Kiel, Germany; [email protected].
We perform a model analysis to study the origins of limited resilience in coupled ecological-economic systems. We demonstrate
that under open access to ecosystems for profit-maximizing harvesting forms, the resilience properties of the system are
essentially determined by consumer preferences for ecosystem services. In particular, we show that complementarity and relative
importance of ecosystem services in consumption may significantly decrease the resilience of (almost) any given state of the
system. We conclude that the role of consumer preferences and management institutions is not just to facilitate adaptation to, or
transformation of, some natural dynamics of ecosystems. Rather, consumer preferences and management institutions are
themselves...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Consumption; Ecological-economic systems; Ecosystem services; Natural resource management; Preferences;
Resilience.
Ano: 2011
Social learning by whom? Assessing gendered opportunities for participation and social learning in
collaborative forest governance
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Egunyu, Felicitas; University of Saskatchewan; [email protected]; Reed, Maureen G; University of
Saskatchewan; [email protected].
Collaborative forest governance enables forest-based communities access to and management responsibilities for forestry
resources. Researchers argue that processes that enable social learning have the potential to contribute to the sustainable
management of forests by engaging local people, helping them identify their collective needs and gain access to resource
entitlements, and encouraging them to learn about and implement different management options. Although there is considerable
attention to gender in the literature on collaborative forestry, particularly in developing countries, there is relatively little attention
to gender in the social learning literature. Furthermore, there is almost no attention to these issues in postindustrial countries.
Our...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collaborative forest management agreement; Community forest; Forest-based communities; Gender;
Participation; Social learning.
Ano: 2015
Lack of Agreement on Fragmentation Metrics Blurs Correspondence between Fragmentation
Experiments and Predicted Effects
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bogaert, Jan; University of Antwerp; [email protected].
The direct correspondence between landscape fragmentation and its effects is still the subject of debate. Many widely accepted
hypotheses are not supported by experiments. The issue of fragmentation measurement is addressed here. To predict the effects of
fragmentation, it is essential to quantify the pattern of fragmentation. Despite the increased use of spatial analysis and available
measures, experts have not yet reached an agreement on how to measure patterns of fragmented landscapes and, thus,
unambiguous translation of experimental findings into conservation or management guidelines is hampered.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Fragmentation; Landscape metric; Spatial pattern.
Ano: 2003
Company–Community Logging Contracts in Amazonian Settlements: Impacts on
Livelihoods and NTFP Harvests
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Menton, Mary C. S.; University of Oxford, Department of Plant Sciences; [email protected]; Merry, Frank D;
Woods Hole Research Center; [email protected]; Lawrence, Anna; Social and Economic Research Group, UK Forestry
Commission; [email protected]; Brown, Nick; University of Oxford, Department of Plant Sciences;
[email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Amazonian frontier; Non-timber forest products; Rural livelihoods; Sustainable forest management.
Ano: 2009
The Challenge of Forest Diagnostics
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nagendra, Harini; Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Bangalore, India; Center for
the Study of Institutions, Population, and Environmental Change (CIPEC), Indiana University; [email protected]; Ostrom,
Elinor; Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, Indiana University; [email protected].
Ecologists and practitioners have conventionally used forest plots or transects for monitoring changes in attributes of forest
condition over time. However, given the difficulty in collecting such data, conservation practitioners frequently rely on the
judgment of foresters and forest users for evaluating changes. These methods are rarely compared. We use a dataset of 53 forests
in five countries to compare assessments of forest change from forest plots, and forester and user evaluations of changes in forest
density. We find that user assessments of changes in tree density are strongly and significantly related to assessments of change
derived from statistical analyses of randomly distributed forest plots. User assessments of change in density at the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Carbon storage; Community forests; Forest change; Forest monitoring; Peopled forests.
Ano: 2011
Independent Associations of Maternal Education and Household Wealth with Malaria Risk in
Children
Provedor de dados: 7
Despite evidence that they play similar but independent roles, maternal education and household wealth are usually conflated in
studies of the effects of socioeconomic status (SES) on malaria risk. Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator
Survey data from nine countries in sub-Saharan Africa were used to explore the relationship of malaria parasitemia in children
with SES factors at individual and cluster scales, controlling for urban/rural residence and other important covariates. In
multilevel logistic regression modeling, completion of six years of maternal schooling was associated with significantly lower
odds of infection in children (OR = 0.73), as was a household wealth index at the 40th percentile compared to the lowest
percentile (OR =...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Demographic and Health Survey; DHS; Malaria; Malaria Indicator Survey; Maternal education; MIS; Multilevel
modeling; Socioeconomic factors.
Ano: 2014
Busch, D. E., and J. C. Trexler, editors. 2002. Monitoring Ecosystems: Interdisciplinary Approaches
for Evaluating Ecoregional Initiatives. Island Press, Washington, D. C., USA.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kaplan, Isaac C; Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003
Flavor or Forethought: Tuhoe Traditional Management Strategies for the Conservation of Kereru
(Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae novaeseelandiae) in New Zealand
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Jones, Christopher J; Landcare Research; [email protected]; Doherty, James; Tuhoe Tuawhenua Trust;.
Traditional knowledge from indigenous cultures about wildlife populations can offer insights beneficial for management in the
face of global climate change. Semistructured interviews and workshops conducted with Maori elders from the Tuhoe tribe in the
Te Urewera region of New Zealand provided knowledge about traditional management strategies for New Zealand pigeon
(Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae novaeseelandiae), known locally as kereru, as well as signals of changes in local climate patterns
and how these influence kereru. We used a population simulation exercise to demonstrate the feasibility of a harvest management
strategy used by the Tuhoe to sustain kereru. Our models also indicated how potential changes in climate and subsequent
decisions about harvest...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Customary harvest; Mauri; Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae novaeseelandiae; New Zealand; Resource management;
Traditional knowledge; Podocarpus ferrugineus.
Ano: 2009
Factors Influencing Adaptive Marine Governance in a Developing Country Context: a Case Study of
Southern Kenya
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Evans, Louisa S.; The School of International Development, University of East Anglia; [email protected];
Brown, Katrina; The School of International Development, University of East Anglia; [email protected]; Allison, Edward H.;
The WorldFish Center; [email protected].
Adaptive governance can be conceptualized as distinct phases of: 1) understanding environmental change; 2) using this
understanding to inform decision making; and 3) acting on decisions in a manner that sustains resilience of desirable system
states. Using this analytical framework, we explore governance in practice in two case studies in Kenya, that reflect the
“messiness” of contemporary coastal governance in many developing country contexts. Findings suggest
that adaptive marine governance is unlikely to be a smooth process of learning, knowledge sharing, and responding. There are
institutional, sociocultural, and political factors, past and present, that influence each phase of both local and state decision
making. New local...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Coral reefs; Coastal zone; Fisheries; Governance; Inclusion; Knowledge; Participation.
Ano: 2011
Learning from one another: evaluating the impact of horizontal knowledge exchange for
environmental management and governance
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mistry, Jayalaxshmi; Royal Holloway University of London, UK; [email protected]; Berardi, Andrea; The Open
University, UK; [email protected]; Bignante, Elisa; University of Torino, Italy; [email protected]; Simpson,
Matthew; Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust (Consulting) Ltd, UK; [email protected]; Haynes, Lakeram;
North Rupununi District Development Board, Guyana; [email protected]; Benjamin, Ryan; North Rupununi District
Development Board, Guyana; [email protected]; Albert, Grace; North Rupununi District Development Board, Guyana;
[email protected]; Xavier, Rebecca; North Rupununi District Development Board, Guyana;
[email protected]; Robertson, Bernie; North Rupununi District Development Board, Guyana;
[email protected]; Davis, Odacy; Iwokrama International Centre, Guyana; [email protected]; Verwer, Caspar; IUCN
National Committee of The Netherlands, The Netherlands; [email protected]; Jafferally, Deirdre; Iwokrama International
Centre, Guyana; [email protected].
There is increasing advocacy for inclusive community-based approaches to environmental management, and growing evidence
that involving communities improves the sustainability of social-ecological systems. Most community-based approaches rely on
partnerships and knowledge exchange between communities, civil society organizations, and professionals such as practitioners
and/or scientists. However, few models have actively integrated more horizontal knowledge exchange from community to
community. We reflect on the transferability of community owned solutions between indigenous communities by exploring
challenges and achievements of community peer-to-peer knowledge exchange as a way of empowering communities to face up to
local environmental and social...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Best practices; Community owned solutions; Environmental governance; Guiana Shield; Guyana; Indigenous;
Knowledge exchange; Participatory; Visual.
Ano: 2016
Integrating Data, Biology, and Decision Models for Invasive Species Management: Application to
Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula)
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hyder, Ayaz; McGill University; [email protected]; Leung, Brian; McGill University;
[email protected]; Miao, Zewei; Rutgers University; [email protected].
Invasive species are a major cause of environmental change and are often costly to control. Decision theory should offer managers
guidance to formulate the optimal allocation of resources. Unfortunately, current decision theory models typically do not consider
invasion dynamics and do not make full use of the best models of biological spread and best biological data from theoretical
models. We developed a decision theory model that integrated population dynamics, spread, uncertainty, and changes in
management policies. We applied this model to leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula), a high-priority invasive weed in North America.
We used field data to construct a biological model that included stochastic population dynamics and spatial spread and integrated
it...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Decision theory; Leafy spurge; Management; Stochastic dynamic programming.
Ano: 2008
Assessment of Biomass Burning in the Conterminous United States
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Leenhouts, Bill; U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service; [email protected].
Wildland fire has been an integral part of the landscape of the conterminous United States for millennia. Analysis of contemporary
and pre-industrial (~ 200 - 500 yr BP) conditions, using potential natural vegetation, satellite imagery, and ecological fire regime
information, shows that wildland fires burned 35 - 86 x 106 ha (megahectares) annually in the pre-industrial era, consuming 530 1230 teragram (Tg) of biomass. At present, in comparison, 5 - 7 Mha/yr burn, consuming 77 - 189 Tg of biomass annually. If
historic fire regimes were restored to non-urban and non-agricultural lands today, 18 - 43 Mha would burn annually, consuming
285 - 602 Tg of biomass. For each era, 11 biomass (wildland and agricultural) burning emissions were estimated, and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Air quality; Biomass burning; Climate change; Conterminous United States; Emission estimates; Fire regimes;
Pre-industrial conditions; Prescribed burning; Wildland fire.
Ano: 1998
A framework for analyzing, comparing, and diagnosing social-ecological systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bots, Pieter W. G.; Delft University of Technology; [email protected]; Sendzimir, Jan; International Institute of
Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA); [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Framework development; Governance system; Resource system; Sustainability.
Ano: 2015
Understanding adaptation and transformation through indigenous practice: the case of the Guna of
Panama
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Apgar, Marina J; Policy, Economic and Social Sciences, WorldFish Center; [email protected]; Allen, Will;
Learning for Sustainability; [email protected]; Moore, Kevin; Faculty of Environment, Society and Design, Lincoln
University; [email protected]; Ataria, James; Te Matapuna, Kaupapa Maori Unit, Faculty of Agriculture and Life
Sciences, Lincoln University; [email protected].
Resilience is emerging as a promising vehicle for improving management of social-ecological systems that can potentially lead to
more sustainable arrangements between environmental and social spheres. Central to an understanding of how to support
resilience is the need to understand social change and its links with adaptation and transformation. Our aim is to contribute to
insights about and understanding of underlying social dynamics at play in social-ecological systems. We argue that longstanding
indigenous practices provide opportunities for investigating processes of adaptation and transformation. We use in-depth analysis
of adaptation and transformation through engagement in participatory action research, focusing on the role of cultural and social...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Cultural practice; Guna; Reflection; Resilience; Ritual; Participatory action research;
Transformation.
Ano: 2015
Characterizing Species at Risk I: Modeling Rare Species Under the Northwest Forest Plan
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Marcot, Bruce G; USDA Forest Service; [email protected].
The Northwest Forest Plan in the Pacific Northwest, United States includes directives for survey and site protection of hundreds of
rare species across many taxonomic classes. To help direct survey activities, prioritize sites, and stand conditions for conservation
of these species, I developed Bayesian belief network (BBN) models of habitat relationships and multiple stressors predicting
presence of 12 rare species, and I present an example of predicting presence and absence of a rare fungus. The BBN models are
developed along a rigorous process of expert judgment, peer review, reconciliation, accuracy testing, and incremental updating
with known site data and validation data. Management implications of prediction errors are discussed.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bayesian belief networks; Bridgeoporus nobilissimus; Model validation; Northwest Forest Plan; Rare species
models; Pacific Northwest.
Ano: 2006
Hydropower vs. fisheries conservation: a test of institutional design principles for common-pool
resource management in the lower Mekong basin social-ecological system
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Villamayor-Tomas, Sergio; Division of Resource Economics, Humboldt University; [email protected];
Avagyan, Mikayel; Division of Resource Economics, Humboldt University; [email protected]; Firlus, Marit;
Division of Resource Economics, Humboldt University; [email protected]; Helbing, Georg; Division of Resource
Economics, Humboldt University; [email protected]; Kabakova, Margarita; Division of Resource Economics, Humboldt
University; [email protected].
New methods have emerged for testing common-pool resource theory in large-scale environmental governance contexts. We aim
to contribute to that scholarship by assessing the relevance of Elinor Ostrom’s design principles in the lower Mekong
basin (LMB). The recent dam-building trend in the LMB has revealed a trade-off between hydropower development and the
conservation of migratory fish species. The need to internalize or avoid the negative externalities of hydropower dam construction
poses a new challenge to the LMB governance system and its main management body, the Mekong River Commission. Our
objective was to explain the emergence of the trade-off and the capacity of the governance system to address it. Elinor
Ostrom’s design...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Common pool resource theory; Fisheries; Hydropower; Institutional design principles; Lower Mekong basin;
SESMAD; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2016
Ecosystem service trade-offs and synergies misunderstood without landscape history
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tomscha, Stephanie A.; Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British
Columbia; [email protected]; Gergel, Sarah E.; Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of
Forestry, University of British Columbia; [email protected].
Dramatic changes in ecosystem services have motivated recent work characterizing their interactions, including identifying
trade-offs and synergies. Although time is arguably implicit in these ideas of trade-offs and synergies (e.g., temporal dynamics or
changes in ecosystem services), such interactions are routinely inferred based on the spatial relationships among ecosystem
services alone (e.g., spatial concordance of ecosystem services indicates synergies, whereas incongruence signifies trade-offs).
The limitations of this approach have not been fully explored. We quantified ecosystem service interactions using correlations
among contemporary ecosystem services and compared these results to those derived by incorporating change in ecosystem
services...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem service mapping; Landscape baseline; River floodplain; Synergy; Trade-off.
Ano: 2016
Integrating Research on Food and the Environment: an Exit Strategy from the Rational Fool
Syndrome in Agricultural Science
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ashby, Jacqueline A; Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical; [email protected].
The thesis of this paper is that the "rational fool" syndrome can be applied to mainstream public sector agricultural research that is
conducted in a way that is rational in the short term, but acts against its own long-term viability. Historically, a main concern of
such research has been to maximize high levels of food production together with low prices to consumers. As a result, mainstream
agricultural science has ignored negative impacts or externalities, which has contributed to a crisis of credibility with the general
public and politically sensitive decision makers. A long-term strategic research agenda for the public sector is being defined that is
new and relevant to present efforts to integrate natural resource management and sustainable...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem health; Human health; Natural resource management; Rational fool syndrome; Strategic research;
Sustainable agricultural production.
Ano: 2001
Applying Retrospective Demographic Models to Assess Sustainable Use: the Maya Management of
Xa’an Palms
Provedor de dados: 7
Xa’an palm (Sabal yapa) has been used to thatch traditional Maya houses for over 3000 years. In the Yucatan
Peninsula, this palm has been introduced to pasturelands, maize fields (milpas), and homegardens. These and other traditional
management systems are usually believed to be sustainable, but there is as yet little evidence to support this hypothesis.
Demographic models have been used for this purpose, mainly focusing on population growth rate (λ). So far,
retrospective analysis has not been applied, even though it examines how changes in the the life cycle of a species, caused by
different management regimes, affect its λ. In this study, we assess whether ecologically sustainable use of
xa’an occurs in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ethnoecology; LTRE; Mexico; NTFP; Sabal yapa; Traditional management; Xa&#8217an palm; Yucatan.
Ano: 2005
Lessons from the Physics Education Reform Effort
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hake, Richard; Indiana University; [email protected].
Several years ago, I reported a survey of pretest and posttest data for 62 introductory physics courses attended by a total of 6542
students. The present article provides a summary of that survey and offers 14 lessons from the physics education reform effort that
may assist in the general upgrading of education and science literacy.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cognitive science; Education reform; Education research; Interactive engagement; Physics education; Science
literacy.
Ano: 2002
Egan, D., and E.A. Howell, editors. 2001. The Historical Ecology Handbook: a Restorationist's Guide
to Reference Ecosystems. Island Press, Washington. D. C., USA
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pfeiffer, Jeanine; University of California at Davis; [email protected]; Espeland, Erin; ; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Archaeology; Cultural ecology; Historical ecology; Human ecology; Paleobotany; Paleoecology; Reference
ecosystems; Restoration ecology.
Ano: 2003
The Impact of Resource Scarcity on Bonding and Bridging Social Capital: the Case of
Fishers’ Information-Sharing Networks in Loreto, BCS, Mexico
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ramirez-Sanchez, Saudiel; Oceans Policy and Planning Branch, Department of Fisheries and Oceans;
[email protected]; Pinkerton, Evelyn; Simon Fraser University; [email protected].
Fishers often rely on their social capital to cope with resource fluctuations by sharing information on the abundance and location
of fish. Drawing on research in seven coastal fishing communities in Loreto, Baja California Sur, Mexico, we examine the effect
of resource scarcity on the bonding, bridging, and linking social-capital patterns of fishers’ information-sharing
networks. We found that: (1) fishers’ information sharing is activated in response to varying ecological conditions;
(2) resource scarcity is an ambiguous indicator of the extent to which fishers share information on the abundance and location of
fish within and between communities; (3) information sharing is based on trust and occurs through kinship, friendship, and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Baja California Sur; Bonding and bridging social capital; Fishers’ Information-sharing networks;
Resilience; Social network analysis.
Ano: 2009
Collaborative Engagement of Local and Traditional Knowledge and Science in Marine Environments:
A Review
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Thornton, Thomas F; University of Oxford; [email protected]; Scheer, Adela Maciejewski ; McGill
University; [email protected].
Local and traditional ecological knowledge (LTK) is increasingly recognized as an important component of scientific research,
conservation, and resource management. Especially where there are gaps in the scientific literature, LTK can be a critical source
of basic environmental data; this situation is particularly apparent in the case of marine ecosystems, about which comparatively
less is known than terrestrial ones. We surveyed the global literature relating to the LTK of marine environments and analyzed
what knowledge has been collected and with what aims and results. A large proportion of LTK which has been documented by
researchers consists of species-specific information that is important for traditional resource use. However, knowledge relating
to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive comanagement; Collaborative research; Collaborative resource management; Ecological monitoring;
Environmental change; Historical ecology; Local and traditional knowledge (LTK); Marine conservation; Marine ecology; Marine
ecosystems.
Ano: 2012
Integrating societal perspectives and values for improved stewardship of a coastal ecosystem engineer
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Scyphers, Steven B; University of South Alabama; Dauphin Island Sea Lab; Northeastern University;
[email protected]; Picou, J Steven; Coastal Resource and Resiliency Center University of South Alabama;
[email protected]; Brumbaugh, Robert D; The Nature Conservancy; [email protected]; Powers, Sean P; University
of South Alabama; Dauphin Island Sea Lab; [email protected].
Oyster reefs provide coastal societies with a vast array of ecosystem services, but are also destructively harvested as an
economically and culturally important fishery resource, exemplifying a complex social-ecological system (SES). Historically,
societal demand for oysters has led to destructive and unsustainable levels of harvest, which coupled with multiple other stressors
has placed oyster reefs among the most globally imperiled coastal habitats. However, more recent studies have demonstrated that
large-scale restoration is possible and that healthy oyster populations can be sustained with effective governance and stewardship.
However, both of these require significant societal support or financial investment. In our study, we explored relationships...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Common pool resource; Crassostrea virginica; Ecosystem-based management; Ecosystem services; Marine
protected areas; Restoration; Spawning sanctuaries.
Ano: 2014
A mixed-methods approach to assessing success in transitioning water management institutions: a
case study of the Platte River Basin, Nebraska
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hoffman Babbitt, Christina; School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln;
[email protected]; Burbach, Mark; School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln;
[email protected]; Pennisi, Lisa; School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln; [email protected].
To address increasing conflicts between surface water and groundwater users, the state of Nebraska has adopted a more localized
and integrated approach in managing water resources. Integrated approaches offer promise in better managing connected water
resources within the state; however, little review of the potential benefits and/or challenges of these actions has been conducted.
This case study uses both qualitative and quantitative data collection efforts to take an in-depth look at how this new and
innovative management system is working through the eyes of stakeholders living and working in the basin. Data collection
reveals that overall the current water management system is working relatively well, even though it is still in its infancy.
However,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Common pool resources; Governance; Integrated water resources management; Mixed-methods research.
Ano: 2015
Use of Landscape-level River Signatures in Conservation Planning: a South African Case Study
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Roux, Dirk; CSIR; [email protected]; de Moor, Ferdy; Albany Museum; [email protected]; Cambray, Jim; Albany
Museum; [email protected]; Barber-James, Helen; Albany Museum; [email protected].
A strategy for assigning priorities in biodiversity conservation was developed for the rivers of the proposed Greater Addo
Elephant National Park (GAENP) in South Africa. Due to the limited availability of biological information on the freshwater
ecosystems of this area, a desktop approach, supplemented by aerial and land surveys, was used to devise a new river
classification typology. This typology incorporated landscape attributes as surrogates for biodiversity patterns, resulting in defined
physical "signatures" for each river type. Riverine biodiversity is considered to be conserved by including rivers of each type as
defined by the respective signatures. Where options existed, and two or more rivers shared the same signature, a simple procedure
was...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Greater Addo Elephant National Park; South Africa; Conservation targets; Ecosystem processes; Priority
conservation options; Rivers; Signatures of physical pattern; Systematic conservation planning.
Ano: 2002
How is global climate policy interpreted on the ground? Insights from the analysis of local discourses
about forest management and REDD+ in Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Milne, Sarah; Crawford School of Public Policy, College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University;
[email protected]; Milne, Mary; Crawford School of Public Policy, College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National
University; [email protected]; Nurfatriani, Fitri; Research and Development Centre of Social Economic Policy and
Climate Change, Ministry of Environment and Forestry Indonesia; [email protected]; Tacconi, Luca; Crawford School of
Public Policy, College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University; [email protected].
The implementation of “reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation” (REDD+) will
inevitably be affected by local social and political dynamics, with the potential for success depending significantly on cooperation
from a range of stakeholders at the subnational level. Building on recent critical research on REDD+, we look at how global
policy is interpreted locally by actors who are likely to be involved in REDD+ implementation. We do this by examining local
stakeholder perceptions of REDD+ and forest management in two contrasting provinces of Indonesia, Riau and Papua, where
deforestation rates are high and low, respectively. Using data collected from stakeholder workshops, we conduct a discourse
analysis that reveals...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Deforestation; Discourse; Environmental politics; Indonesia; REDD+.
Ano: 2016
Effects of Educational Attainment on Climate Risk Vulnerability
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Patt, Anthony G; International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Climate change; Education; Natural disasters; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2013
Sustainability for the Planet: A Marketing Perspective
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Whiteman, Gail; Queen's University; [email protected].
This perspective presents a case for environmental scientists to mobilize their communication efforts and to develop a systematic
approach to marketing scientific knowledge to a range of key target audiences. Examples of environmental marketing are
presented, and a call to action is presented in the spirit of discussion.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Marketing sustainability; Perspective.
Ano: 1999
How Multilevel Societal Learning Processes Facilitate Transformative Change: A Comparative Case
Study Analysis on Flood Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Becker, Gert; Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam; [email protected]; Sendzimir, Jan;
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis; [email protected].
Sustainable resources management requires a major transformation of existing resource governance and management systems.
These have evolved over a long time under an unsustainable management paradigm, e.g., the transformation from the traditionally
prevailing technocratic flood protection toward the holistic integrated flood management approach. We analyzed such
transformative changes using three case studies in Europe with a long history of severe flooding: the Hungarian Tisza and the
German and Dutch Rhine. A framework based on societal learning and on an evolutionary understanding of societal change was
applied to identify drivers and barriers for change. Results confirmed the importance of informal learning and actor networks and
their connection to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Comparative analysis; Integrated flood protection; Rhine; Societal learning; Tisza;
Transformative change; Water governance.
Ano: 2013
Perceived Benefits of Fisheries Management Restrictions in Madagascar
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McClanahan, Tim R.; Wildlife Conservation Society; [email protected]; Cinner, Joshua E.; ARC Centre of
Excellence for Coral Reef Studies; [email protected]; Abunge, Caroline; Wildlife Conservation Society;; Rabearisoa,
Ando; Conservation International;; Mahatante, Paubert; University of Toliara;; Ramahatratra, Frederick; University of Toliara;;
Andrianarivelo, Norbert; Wildlife Conservation Society;.
Perceptions of the benefits of fisheries management restrictions were evaluated in coastal Madagascar to identify restrictions that
are likely to be self- and community enforced. The survey focused on 24 Malagasy fishing villages adjacent to coral reefs.
Resource users' perceptions of the benefits of restrictions were generally high and widespread, but some less positive perceptions
were found in three villages located near marine protected areas. Perceptions of the benefits of gear restrictions had widespread
support; closed areas, seasons, and minimum sizes of fish were less common; and restrictions on species were supported
infrequently. We therefore advocate a management implementation approach that uses these scales of perceived benefits and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Attitudes; Fisheries management; Marine protected area planning; Poverty; Social-ecological.
Ano: 2014
Ecosystem Services are Social–ecological Services in a Traditional Pastoral System: the
Case of California’s Mediterranean Rangelands
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Huntsinger, Lynn; Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley;
[email protected].
When attempting to value ecosystem services and support their production, two critical aspects may be neglected. The term
“ecosystem services” implies that they are a function of natural processes; yet, human interaction with
the environment may be key to the production of many. This can contribute to a misconception that ecosystem service production
depends on, or is enhanced by, the coercion or removal of human industry. Second, in programs designed to encourage ecosystem
service production and maintenance, too often the inter-relationship of such services with social and ecological processes and
drivers
at
multiple
scales
is
ignored.
Thinking
of
such
services
as
“social–ecological
services” can reinforce...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Endangered species landscape pasture ranching scale social– Ecological system vernal
pools.
Ano: 2014
A Short History of the Namibian Hake Fishery—a Social-Ecological Analysis
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Paterson, Barbara; Marine Research Institute (Ma-Re), Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, South Africa;
[email protected]; Kirchner, Carola; National Marine Information and Research Centre (NatMirc), Ministry of Fisheries
and Marine Resources, Namibia; University of Cape Town, Graduate School of Business, South Africa;
[email protected]; Ommer, Rosemary E.; University of Victoria; [email protected].
As a legacy of Namibia’s colonial past, the country inherited severely depleted fish resources at the time of
independence. Today, Namibia’s fisheries are almost exclusively industrial. The hake fishery is the
country’s most important fishery, which was restructured from a pre-independence foreign fishery into one that is
characterized by locally based, vertically integrated fishing and processing companies. It is widely believed that Namibia has
successfully combined the neoliberal economics that have been characteristic of the development narratives since the 1980s with
welfarist goals for poverty reduction. However, there are strong indications that the fish stocks are declining, while the high
economic expectations for the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Distant water fleets; Fisheries; Hake; Merlucius capensis; Merluccius paradoxus; Namibia; Namibianisation;
Northern Benguela; South West Africa; Sustainable fisheries development.
Ano: 2013
Resident perceptions of natural resources between cities and across scales in the Pacific Northwest
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Morzillo, Anita T.; Department of Natural Resources & the Environment, University of Connecticut;
[email protected]; Kreakie, Betty J.; US EPA Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental
Effects Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division; [email protected]; Netusil, Noelwah R.; Reed College, Department of
Economics; [email protected]; Yeakley, J. Alan; University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Department of Geography and
Environmental Systems; [email protected]; Ozawa, Connie P.; Portland State University, Toulan School of Urban Studies and
Planning; [email protected]; Duncan, Sally L.; Oregon State University, School of Public Policy; [email protected].
As the global population becomes increasingly urban, research is needed to explore how local culture, land use, and policy will
influence urban natural resource management. We used a broad-scale comparative approach and survey of residents within the
Portland (Oregon)-Vancouver (Washington) metropolitan areas, USA, two states with similar geographical and ecological
characteristics, but different approaches to land-use planning, to explore resident perceptions about natural resources at three
scales of analysis: property level (“at or near my house”), neighborhood (“within a
20-minute walk from my house”), and metro level (“across the metro area”). At the
metro-level scale, nonmetric...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Human dimensions; Landscape ecology; Natural resources; Pacific Northwest; Perceptions; Urban ecosystems.
Ano: 2016
Coca and Colonists: Quantifying and Explaining Forest Clearance under Coca and Anti-Narcotics
Policy Regimes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bradley, Andrew V; Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Monks Wood, Abbots Ripton, Cambridgeshire, PE28 2LS, UK;
[email protected]; Millington, Andrew C; Department of Geography, 810 O&M Building, Texas A&M University,
College Station, Texas 77843-3147, USA; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Anti-narcotics policies; Bolivia; Coca; Deforestation; Forest clearance rates; Land-use change.
Ano: 2008
Priority Areas for Establishing National Forests in the Brazilian Amazon
Provedor de dados: 7
Brazil will benefit if it gains control of its vast Amazonian timber resources. Without immediate planning, the fate of much of the
Amazon will be decided by predatory and largely unregulated timber interests. Logging in the Amazon is a transient process of
natural resource mining. Older logging frontiers are being exhausted of timber resources and will face severe wood shortages
within 5 yr. The Brazilian government can avoid the continued repetition of this process in frontier areas by establishing a
network of National Forests (Florestas Nacionais or Flonas) to stabilize the timber industry and simultaneously protect large tracts
of forest. Flonas currently comprise less than 2% of the Brazilian Amazon (83,000 km2). If all these forests were used for...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Amazon; Brazil; GIS model; Conservation; Logging; National forest; Production forest; Sustainable
management; Tropical forest.
Ano: 2002
Multistakeholder environmental governance in action: REDD+ discourse coalitions in Tanzania
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rantala, Salla; University of Helsinki; University of Eastern Finland; [email protected]; Di Gregorio, Monica ;
University of Leeds; [email protected].
Balancing interests to achieve legitimate and effective policies is a primary and pressing challenge in countries’
efforts to prepare their national reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) strategies. Using Tanzania
as a country case, we investigated the most polarizing policy discourses and assessed the influence of competing discourse
coalitions on the drafting of the national REDD+ strategy. We combined discourse and social network analysis to identify
discourse coalitions and assess their influence. The findings indicate that the national REDD+ strategy largely reflects the
positions of the discourse coalition that is controlled by powerful state actors who support central control of REDD+ financial
mechanisms....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Discourse coalitions; Power; REDD+; Social network analysis; Tanzania.
Ano: 2014
Evaluating the Household Level Outcomes of Community Based Natural Resource Management: the
Tchuma Tchato Project and Kwandu Conservancy
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Suich, Helen; Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University; Environmental Change Institute,
Oxford University; [email protected].
Community based natural resource management (CBNRM) programs aim to link the achievement of conservation objectives with
those of rural development and poverty alleviation. However, after more than a decade of implementation in southern Africa,
there is remarkably little rigorous analysis of their achievements with respect to these goals. An evaluation of two CBNRM
interventions, the Tchuma Tchato Project in Mozambique and the Kwandu Conservancy in Namibia, measured the impacts at the
household level using multidimensional poverty indices. The analysis found no positive impacts on the multiple dimensions of
poverty arising from the Tchuma Tchato initiative in Mozambique. In Kwandu Conservancy in Namibia, positive impacts were
felt only on household...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Africa; Community based natural resource management; Impact evaluation; Mozambique; Namibia; Poverty.
Ano: 2013
Levin Has It Right
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Duke, Clifford; The Environmental Company, Inc.; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001
The Influence of Ethnic Diversity on Social Network Structure in a Common-Pool Resource System:
Implications for Collaborative Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Barnes-Mauthe, Michele; Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii at
Manoa; [email protected]; Arita, Shawn; Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of
Hawaii at Manoa; Department of Economics, University of Hawaii at Manoa; [email protected]; Allen, Stewart D.; Pacific
Islands Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries; [email protected]; Gray, Steven A.; Department of Natural Resources
and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii at Manoa; [email protected]; Leung, PingSun; Department of Natural
Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii at Manoa; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collaborative resource management; Common-pool resources; Ethnic diversity; Fisheries; Hawaii; Information
exchange; Social network analysis.
Ano: 2013
Enhancing Adaptive Capacity in Food Systems: Learning at Farmers' Markets in Sweden
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Milestad, Rebecka; Department of Urban and Rural Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Division of
Environmental Strategies Research, Royal Institute of Technology; [email protected]; Westberg, Lotten; Department of
Urban and Rural Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences;; Geber, Ulrika; County Administrative Board of
Stockholm;.
This article examines how local food systems in the form of farmers' markets can enhance adaptive capacity and build
social-ecological resilience. It does this by exploring the learning potential among farmers and customers. Learning can enable
actors to adapt successfully and thus build adaptive capacity. Three forms of learning are investigated: instrumental,
communicative, and emancipatory. These forms of learning constitute the foundation for lasting changes of behaviors. Local food
systems are characterized by close links and opportunities for face-to-face interactions between consumers and producers of food,
and are also institutions where farmers and customers can express and act upon their ethical values concerning food. However,
local food systems...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Learning; Local food systems; Farmers' markets; Short food chains; Social-ecological
resilience.
Ano: 2010
Stakeholder perceptions of ecosystem services of the Wami River and Estuary
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McNally, Catherine G.; Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island;
Coastal Resources Center, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island; [email protected]; Gold, Arthur J.;
Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island; [email protected]; Pollnac, Richard
B.; Department of Marine Affairs, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island; [email protected]; Kiwango, Halima
R.; Tanzania National Parks.; [email protected].
Management of riverine and coastal ecosystems warrants enhanced understanding of how different stakeholders perceive and
depend upon different kinds of ecosystem services. Employing a mixed methods approach, this study compares and contrasts the
use and perceptions of upstream residents, downstream residents, tourism officials, and conservation organizations regarding the
value of 30 ecosystem services provided by the Wami River and its estuary in Tanzania, and investigates their perceptions of the
main threats to this system. Our findings reveal that all of the stakeholder groups place a high value on the provision of domestic
water, habitat for wild plants and animals, tourism, and erosion control, and a relatively low value on the prevention of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Stakeholders; Values; Tanzania.
Ano: 2016
A New Ecosystems Ecology for Anthropology
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Abel, Thomas; National Taipei University; [email protected]; Stepp, John Richard; University of Florida;
[email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003
Ex Ante Scale Dynamics Analysis in the Policy Debate on Sustainable Biofuels in Mozambique
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schut, Marc; Knowledge, Technology and Innovation Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre;
[email protected]; Leeuwis, Cees; Knowledge, Technology and Innovation Group, Wageningen University and Research
Centre; [email protected]; Paassen, Annemarie van; Knowledge, Technology and Innovation Group, Wageningen University
and Research Centre; [email protected].
In this paper, we explore how ex ante scale dynamics analysis can contribute to better understanding of interactions between
scales and levels, and how these interactions influence solution space in policy processes. In so doing, we address opportunities
and challenges of conducting ex ante scale dynamics analysis as part of an action-oriented social science research approach that
seeks to enhance its contribution to more scale-sensitive policy development. The policy debate on sustainable biofuels in
Mozambique provides the empirical context in which we analyze interactions across administrative, institutional, and economic
scales and levels, and how these interactions influence the space in which policy solutions can be explored and designed. On
the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Action-oriented research; Biofuels; Ex ante scale dynamics analysis; Mozambique; Policy processes; Scale and
level; Sustainability.
Ano: 2013
Marine spatial planning and Good Environmental Status: a perspective on spatial and temporal
dimensions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gilbert, Alison J.; Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam; [email protected]; Alexander,
Karen; Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute; [email protected]; Brazinskaite, Raminta;
UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs ; [email protected]; Fischer, Christian; Institute for
Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; [email protected]; Gee, Kira; Institute for Coastal Research,
Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Department of Geography and Planning, University of Liverpool; [email protected]; Jessopp,
Mark; Coastal and Marine Research Centre, University College Cork; [email protected]; Kershaw, Peter; Centre for
Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs;
[email protected]; Los, Hans J.; Deltares; [email protected]; March Morla, David; Instituto Mediterraneo de
Estudios Avanzados (IMEDEA CSIC / UIB) ; [email protected]; O'Mahony, Cathal; Coastal and Marine Research
Centre, University College Cork; [email protected]; Varjopuro, Riku; Finnish Environment Institute ;
[email protected].
The European Union Marine Strategy Framework Directive requires the Good Environmental Status of marine environments in
Europe's regional seas; yet, maritime activities, including sources of marine degradation, are diversifying and intensifying in an
increasingly globalized world. Marine spatial planning is emerging as a tool for rationalizing competing uses of the marine
environment while guarding its quality. A directive guiding the development of such plans by European Union member states is
currently being formulated. There is an undeniable need for marine spatial planning. However, we argue that considerable care
must be taken with marine spatial planning, as the spatial and temporal scales of maritime activities and of Good Environmental
Status may...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: DPSWR; Good Environmental Status; Marine spatial planning; Maritime spatial planning; Spatial scale
temporal scale.
Ano: 2015
The roles of networks, learning, and general resilience in oil spills
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cheong, So-Min; Associate Professor, Department of Geography, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University
of Kansas; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Oil spills; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2014
Dealing with change and uncertainty within the regulatory frameworks for flood defense
infrastructure in selected European countries
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Doorn-Hoekveld, Willemijn J; Utrecht Centre for Water, Oceans and Sustainability Law, Utrecht University School
of Law, The Netherlands; [email protected]; Priest, Sally; Flood Hazard Research Centre, Middlesex University, UK;
[email protected].
Whereas existing literature on the interactions among law, adaptive governance, and resilience in the water sector often focuses on
quality or supply issues, this paper addresses adaptation in national water laws in relation to increasing flood risks. In particular,
this paper analyzes the extent to which legal rules governing flood defense infrastructure in a selection of European countries
(England, France, Sweden, and The Netherlands) allow for response and adaptation to change and uncertainty. Although there is
evidence that the legal rules on the development of new infrastructure require that changing conditions be considered, the
adaptation of existing infrastructure is a more complicated matter. Liability rules fail to adequately address damages...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Flood defense; Flood risk; Flood risk management; Water law.
Ano: 2016
An Evaluation of Integrated Climate Protection Policies for the United States
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bernow, Stephen; Tellus Institute; [email protected]; Duckworth, Max; Tellus Institute; [email protected].
This paper presents and discusses an integrated set of policies designed to reduce U.S. carbon emissions over the next four
decades. This innovation path also aims to promote environmental quality, particularly by reducing emissions of criteria air
pollutants, to reduce U.S. dependence on imported oil, and to induce technological innovation and diffusion in energy production
and consumption. The innovation path would reduce economy-wide carbon emissions by 26% below baseline projections for
2010 and by 62% below baseline projections for 2030; this translates into 10% below 1990 levels in 2010 and 45% below 1990
levels in 2030. Emissions of criteria pollutants also would be significantly reduced, as would petroleum imports by the United
States. Moreover,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Air pollutants; Carbon emissions; Climate change policy; Costs and benefits; Innovation path analysis; U.S.
economy.
Ano: 1998
Effect of Policy Interventions on Food Security in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van der Veen, Anne; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente;
[email protected]; Gebrehiwot, Tagel; PhD Student, University of Twente, Faculty of Geo-Information Science & Earth
Observation ; [email protected].
Following the design of a conservation-based agricultural development strategy and food security strategy, the Tigray government
has implemented different pro-poor development programs over the past years to address the problems of food security. This
study attempts to investigate the effectiveness of government policy interventions at different scales addressed to improve food
security. Food security both at the regional and district level was investigated by deriving food balance sheets for the period
2000-2008. An empirical analysis based on a logit model was also employed to analyze household level food security status. The
results of the logit model reveal that government policy interventions such as water harvesting schemes, employment generation...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Effectiveness; Food security; Logit; Policy.
Ano: 2011
Learning in Adaptive Management: Insights from Published Practice
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fabricius, Christo; Sustainability Research Unit, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa;
[email protected]; Cundill, Georgina; Department of Environmental Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown,
South Africa; [email protected].
Adaptive management is often advocated as a solution to understanding and managing complexity in social-ecological systems.
Given the centrality of learning in adaptive management, it remains unclear how learning in adaptive management is understood
to occur, who learns, what they learn about, and how they learn. We conducted a systematic review using the Thomson Reuters
Web of Science, and searched specifically for examples of the practical implementation of adaptive management between 2011
and 2013, i.e., excluding articles that suggested frameworks, models, or recommendations for future action. This provided a
subset of 22 papers that were analyzed using five elements: the aims of adaptive management as stated in each paper; the reported
achievements...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Biological conservation; Ecosystem management; Governance; Social learning.
Ano: 2014
Conclusions: Reframing the Possibilities for Natural and Social Science Dialogue on the Economic
History of Natural Resources
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ommer, Rosemary E.; Departments of History and Geography, University of Victoria; [email protected]; Paterson,
Barbara; Marine Research Institute (Ma-Re), Zoology Department, University of Cape Town; Community-University Research
for Recovery Alliance (CURRA), Department of Sociology, Memorial University of Newfoundland
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Fisheries; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2014
; [email protected].
Cost-effective Sampling Design Applied to Large-scale Monitoring of Boreal Birds
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Carlson, Matthew; University of Alberta; [email protected]; Schmiegelow, Fiona; University of Alberta;
[email protected].
Despite their important roles in biodiversity conservation, large-scale ecological monitoring programs are scarce, in large part due
to the difficulty of achieving an effective design under fiscal constraints. Using long-term avian monitoring in the boreal forest of
Alberta, Canada as an example, we present a methodology that uses power analysis, statistical modeling, and partial derivatives to
identify cost-effective sampling strategies for ecological monitoring programs. Empirical parameter estimates were used in
simulations that estimated the power of sampling designs to detect trend in a variety of species’ populations and
community metrics. The ability to detect trend with increased sample effort depended on the monitoring target’s...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Allocation of sample effort; Boreal birds; Community metrics; Cost-effective sample design; Forest bird
populations; Long-term monitoring; Partial derivatives; Power analysis; Sample error; Temporal and spatial variation; Trend
detection.
Ano: 2002
Cultural Landscapes as a Methodology for Understanding Natural Resource Management Impacts in
the Western United States
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Toupal, Rebecca S; University of Arizona; [email protected].
Multicultural demands on public lands in the United States continue to challenge federal land managers to address social and
cultural concerns in their planning efforts. Specifically, they lack adequate knowledge of cultural concerns, as well as a consistent
strategy for acquiring that knowledge for use in decision-making. Current federal approaches to understanding such issues as
access, use, and control of resources include public participation, conservation partnerships, government-to-government
consultations with American Indian tribes, cultural resource inventories, and landscape analysis. Given that cultural knowledge
arises from human–nature relationships and shared perceptions of natural environments, and that landscapes are the
ultimate...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: American Indians; Cultural landscapes; Ethnographic data; Landscape perceptions; Natural resource
management; Public participation.
Ano: 2003
Using visual stimuli to explore the social perceptions of ecosystem services in cultural landscapes: the
case of transhumance in Mediterranean Spain
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Plieninger, Tobias; Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen;
[email protected].
The ecosystem services approach has been proposed as a powerful tool for the analysis of coupled social-ecological systems. This
approach is particularly useful for the evaluation of cultural landscapes, which represent the joint evolution of humans and nature
across an extended time span. Transhumance is a customary practice of mobile pastoralism, involving the regular seasonal
migration of livestock herds between summer and winter pasturelands. This practice maintains unique cultural landscapes in
Mediterranean Spain, which have been shaped over many centuries of pastoral activity. Drove roads, which are used for herd
migration, represent the most outstanding feature of these landscapes. We used visually based landscape interpretation to evaluate
social...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cropland; Drove road; Ecosystem services; Mediterranean landscapes; Pine forest; Transhumance; Visual
perception.
Ano: 2014
Compensation and Rewards for Environmental Services in the Developing World: Framing
Pan-Tropical Analysis and Comparison
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Swallow, Brent M.; World Agroforestry Centre; [email protected]; Kallesoe, Mikkel F.; World Conservation
Union; [email protected]; Iftikhar, Usman A.; World Conservation Union; [email protected]; van Noordwijk, Meine;
World Agroforestry Centre; [email protected]; Bracer, Carina; Forest Trends; [email protected]; Scherr,
Sara J.; Ecoagriculture Partners; [email protected]; Raju, K. V.; Institute for Social and Economic Change;
[email protected]; Duraiappah, Anantha Kumar; United Nations Environment Programme; [email protected];
Ochieng, Benson O.; African Centre for Technology Studies; [email protected]; Mallee, Hein; International Development
Research Centre; [email protected]; Rumley, Rachael; World Agroforestry Centre; [email protected].
This is the first of a series of papers that review the state of knowledge and practice regarding compensation and rewards for
environmental services in the developing world. The paper begins with an assessment of the historical development of
compensation and reward mechanisms within a broader context of changing approaches to nature conservation and environmental
policy. The assessment shows that greater interest in compensation and reward mechanisms has emerged within a policy context
of changing approaches to nature conservation and flexible multi-stakeholder approaches to environmental management. In the
developing world, an even greater variety of perspectives has emerged on the opportunities and threats for using compensation
and rewards for...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Africa; Asia; Compensation; Ecosystems service; Latin America; Payment for environmental service; Rewards.
Ano: 2009
Ecological Dominants vs. Keystone Species: A Call for Reason
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Davic, Robert D; Ohio Environmental Protection Agency; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2000
Many Eyes on Nature: Diverse Perspectives in the Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve and Their Relevance
for Conservation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Berghoefer, Uta; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; [email protected]; Rozzi, Ricardo;
University of North Texas; Universidad de Magallanes (Chile); [email protected]; Jax, Kurt; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental
Research - UFZ; [email protected].
Relationships between humans and nature take multiple forms. This is a fundamental issue in conservation but one that is often
neglected, leading to poor conservation outcomes. It is thus imperative that we come to understand better the complex
relationships between humans and nature. To do so, we need to examine “nature” and the often assumed
dichotomy between humans and nature. We conducted a qualitative social research inquiry to explore the societal relationships
with nature in the Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve in Chile. From the results, we developed a framework that illustrates how
different “natures” are created in the three-way relationship among the individual, society, and the
physical world. We further...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Biosphere reserve; Chile; Conflicts; Conservation; Local ecological knowledge; Participation;
Protected areas; Valuation.
Ano: 2010
Suitability of Local Resource Management Practices Based on Supernatural Enforcement
Mechanisms in the Local Social-cultural Context
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sasaoka, Masatoshi; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); [email protected].
Environmental anthropological studies on natural resource management have widely demonstrated and thematized local resource
management practices based on the interactions between local people and supernatural agencies and their role in maintaining
natural resources. In Indonesia, even though the legal status of local people’s right to the forest and forest resources
is still weak, the recent transition toward decentralization presents a growing opportunity for local people to collaborate with
outsiders such as governmental agencies and environmental nongovernmental organizations in natural resource management. In
such situations, in-depth understanding of the value of local resource management practices is needed to promote self-directed
and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Forest management; Game resources; Hunting; Local resource management; Local social-cultural context;
Seram; Supernatural enforcement mechanism.
Ano: 2012
Distributional effects of flood risk management—a cross-country comparison of preflood
compensation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Doorn-Hoekveld, Willemijn J.; Utrecht Centre for Water, Oceans and Sustainability Law, Utrecht University
School of Law, The Netherlands; [email protected]; Suykens, Cathy; KU Leuven, Belgium; [email protected];
Homewood, Stephen; Flood Hazard Research Centre, Middlesex University London, England; [email protected];
Chmielewski, Piotr J.; Institute for Agricultural and Forest Environment, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland;
[email protected]; Matczak, Piotr; Institute for Agricultural and Forest Environment, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Poland; Institute of Sociology, Adam Mickiewicz University; [email protected]; van Rijswick, Helena F.M.W;
Utrecht Centre for Water, Oceans and Sustainability Law, Utrecht University School of Law, The Netherlands;
[email protected].
We seek to examine the manner in which either the EU member states of France, the Netherlands, Poland, and Sweden or parts of
them, such as the country of England in the UK or the Flemish Region in Belgium, deal with the distributional effects of the flood
risk management strategies prevention, defense, and mitigation. Measures carried out in each of these strategies can cause
preflood harm, as in the devaluation of property or loss of income. However, different member states and authorities address this
harm in different ways. A descriptive overview of the different compensation regimes in the field of flood risk management is
followed by an analysis of these differences and an explanation of what may cause them, such as the geographical differences
that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Defense; é Galité Devant les charges publiques; Equity; Flood risk management;
Legitimacy; Loss; No-fault liability; Preflood compensation; Prevention; Protection of property rights; Solidarity; Spatial
planning.
Ano: 2016
Development of a Compendium of Local, Wild-Harvested Species Used in the Informal Economy
Trade, Cape Town, South Africa
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Petersen, L. M.; University of Queensland, Australia; Sustainable Livelihoods Foundation, South Africa;
[email protected]; Moll, E. J.; Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western
Cape, South Africa;; Collins, R.; School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia;; Hockings, Marc
T.; Department of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, University of Queensland, Australia;
[email protected].
Wild harvesting has taken place over millennia in Africa. However urbanization and cash economies have effectively altered
harvesting from being cultural, traditional, and subsistence activities that are part of a rural norm, to being a subculture of
commonly illicit activities located primarily within the urban, cash-based, informal economy. This paper focuses on Cape Town,
South Africa where high levels of poverty and extensive population growth have led to a rapidly growing informal industry based
on the cultural, subsistence, and entrepreneurial harvesting and consumption of products obtained from the local natural
environment. Through a process of literature reviews, database analysis, and key informant interviews, a compendium of
harvested species...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Cape Town South Africa; Cash-based economy; Compendium; Conservation; Illicit harvesting;
Informal economy; Urbanization; Wild harvesting; Wild harvest trade.
Ano: 2012
Ecosystem Services Linking Social and Ecological Systems: River Brownification and the Response of
Downstream Stakeholders
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tuvendal, Magnus; Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, Sweden; Stockholm Resilience Centre,
Stockholm University, Sweden; [email protected]; Elmqvist, Thomas; Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm
University, Sweden; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Brownification; Coping; Ecosystem service; Governance; Resilience; Response strategies;
Social-ecological system; Transformation.
Ano: 2011
Trade-Offs between Ecosystem Services in a Mountain Region
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Briner, Simon; ETH Zurich, Agri-Food and Agri-Environmental Economics Group, Department of Environmental
Systems Science; [email protected]; Huber, Robert; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL;
[email protected]; Bebi, Peter; WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF; [email protected]; Schmatz, Dirk R.; Swiss
Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL; [email protected].
Mountain ecosystems provide a broad range of ecosystem services (ES). Trade-offs between different ES are an important aspect
in the assessment of future sustainable land-use. Management of ES in mountain regions must confront the challenges of spatial
and temporal heterogeneity, and interaction with structural changes in agriculture and forestry. Using a social-ecological modeling
framework, we assess the relationships between forest and agricultural ES in a mountain region in Switzerland. Based on the
concept of jointness in production, we evaluated trade-offs and synergies among food provision, biodiversity conservation, carbon
sequestration, and protection against natural hazards. Results show that increasing the provision of a focal ES in a mountain...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Climate change; Ecosystem services; Forestry; Land-use change; Model-based scenario analysis;
Mountainous regions; Trade-offs.
Ano: 2013
Ruminants and Rodents
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Jones, Gary; ; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002
Socioeconomic Concerns
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Grist, Natasha; University of East Anglia; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002
Reconciling Social and Biological Needs in an Endangered Ecosystem: the Palouse as a Model for
Bioregional Planning
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Donovan, Shannon M; University of Idaho; [email protected]; Looney, Chris; University of Idaho;
[email protected]; Hanson, Thor; University of Idaho; [email protected]; Wulfhorst, J. D.; University of Idaho;
[email protected]; Eigenbrode, Sanford D; University of Idaho; [email protected]; Jennings, Michael; The Nature Conservancy;
[email protected]; Johnson-Maynard, Jodi; University of Idaho; [email protected].
The Palouse region of southeastern Washington State and an adjacent portion of northern Idaho is a working landscape dominated
by agricultural production, with less than 1% of the original bunchgrass prairie remaining.
Government agencies and
conservation groups have begun efforts to conserve Palouse prairie remnants, but they lack critical information about attitudes and
perceptions among local landowners toward biological conservation. Knowledge about the location and condition of native
biological communities also remains sparse. Using a bioregional approach, we integrated data collected through biological
surveys and social interviews to investigate relationships between biologically and socially meaningful aspects of the landscape.
We combined GIS...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Landscape; Participatory research; Spatial mapping; Biodiversity; Conservation; Private lands.
Ano: 2009
National REDD+ policy networks: from cooperation to conflict
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Brockhaus, Maria; Center for International Forestry Research; [email protected]; Di Gregorio, Monica;
University of Leeds, Sustainability Research Institute; [email protected].
Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) is a financial mechanism aimed at providing incentives
to reduce carbon emissions from forests and enhance carbon stocks. In most forest-rich developing countries, policy actors, i.e.,
state and nonstate as well as international and national, are designing national REDD+ policies. Actors’ interests and
beliefs shape patterns of interactions, ranging from cooperation to conflict, and these interactions influence a
country’s direction and progress in REDD+ policy formulation and implementation. We used a comparative policy
network approach to analyze the power structures in national REDD+ policy domains in seven countries. We drew on the
typology of power structures...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Comparative analysis; Conflict; Cooperation; Policy networks; Power; REDD+; Social network analysis.
Ano: 2014
Continuity and Change in Social-ecological Systems: the Role of Institutional Resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pahl-Wostl, Claudia; Institute for Environmental Systems Research, University of Osnabrueck;
[email protected].
In recent years recurring political, economic, and environmental crises require questioning and re-evaluating dominant pathways
of human development. However, political and economic frameworks seem to encompass deeply rooted resistance to fundamental
changes (e.g., global financial crisis, climate change negotiations). In an effort to repair the system as fast as possible, those
paradigms, mechanisms, and structures that led into the crisis are perpetuated. Instead of preserving conventional patterns and
focusing on continuity, crises could be used as an opportunity for learning, adapting, and entering onto more sustainable
pathways. However, there are different ways not only of arguing for sustainable pathways of development but also of
conceptualizing...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Institutions; Persistence; Resilience; Transformation; Water governance.
Ano: 2012
Dynamics of Forage Production in Pasture-woodlands of the Swiss Jura Mountains under Projected
Climate Change Scenarios
Provedor de dados: 7
Silvopastoral systems of the Swiss Jura Mountains serve as a traditional source of forage and timber in the subalpine vegetation
belt, but their vulnerability to land use and climate change puts their future sustainability at stake. We coupled experimental and
modeling approaches to assess the impact of climate change on the pasture-woodland landscape. We drew conclusions on the
resistance potential of wooded pastures with different management intensities by sampling along a canopy cover gradient. This
gradient spanned from unwooded pastures associated with intensive farming to densely wooded pastures associated with extensive
farming. Transplanted mesocosms of these ecosystems placed at warmer and drier conditions provided experimental evidence
that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Aboveground biomass; Drought; Ecotone; Grassland; Pasture; Silvopastoral system; Subalpine; Transplantation;
Woodland.
Ano: 2013
Linking Resilience Theory and Diffusion of Innovations Theory to Understand the Potential for
Perennials in the U.S. Corn Belt
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Atwell, Ryan C; Iowa State University; [email protected]; Schulte, Lisa A; Iowa State University;
[email protected]; Westphal, Lynne M; U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station; [email protected].
In the last 200 yr, more than 80% of the land in the U.S. Corn Belt agro-ecosystem has been converted from natural perennial
vegetation to intensive agricultural production of row crops.
Despite research showing how re-integration of perennial
vegetation, e.g., cover crops, pasture, riparian buffers, and restored wetlands, at strategic landscape positions can bolster declining
regional ecosystem functions, the amount of land area devoted to row crop production in the Corn Belt continues to increase. As
this region enters a time of fast-paced and uncertain reorganization driven by the emerging bioeconomy, changes in land use will
continue to take place that will impact the resilience of the Corn Belt’s linked social and ecological systems for...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive co-management; Agriculture; Iowa; Learning; Nonpoint source pollution; Restoration; Scale;
Social-ecological systems; Row crops; Corn Belt.
Ano: 2009
Local Consequences of Applying International Norms: Differences in the Application of Forest
Certification in Northern Sweden, Northern Finland, and Northwest Russia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tysiachniouk, Maria; Centre for Independent Social Research, St. Petersburg, Russia; [email protected].
Forest certification, developed in the early 1990s, is a process in which independent assessors grant use of the certification label to
producers who meet certain environmental and social criteria set for their forest products. This label was quickly seen to offer a
market advantage and to signal corporate social and environmental responsibility. This paper focuses on international norms
pertaining to environmental and indigenous rights, as manifested in cases of Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)- and Programme
for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC)-compatible certification, and how these norms have been applied domestically
and perceived locally in different states. Case studies are drawn from northern Sweden, northern Finland, and three...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Finland; Forest certification; Russia; Sweden.
Ano: 2009
“I know, therefore I adapt?” Complexities of individual adaptation to
climate-induced forest dieback in Alaska
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Oakes, Lauren E.; Emmett Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources, Stanford University;
[email protected]; Ardoin, Nicole M.; Graduate School of Education and Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford
University; [email protected]; Lambin, Eric F.; School of Earth, Energy, and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University;
Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University; [email protected].
Individual actions to avoid, benefit from, or cope with climate change impacts partly shape adaptation; much research on
adaptation has focused at the systems level, overlooking drivers of individual responses. Theoretical frameworks and empirical
studies of environmental behavior identify a complex web of cognitive, affective, and evaluative factors that motivate
stewardship. We explore the relationship between knowledge of, and adaptation to, widespread, climate-induced tree mortality to
understand the cognitive (i.e., knowledge and learning), affective (i.e., attitudes and place attachment), and evaluative (i.e., use
values) factors that influence how individuals respond to climate-change impacts. From 43 semistructured interviews with forest
managers...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Attitudes; Climate change; Forest management; Individual adaptation; Knowledge; Place attachment; Use
values.
Ano: 2016
Exploring Strategies that Build Livelihood Resilience: a Case from Cambodia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Marschke, Melissa J; York University; [email protected]; Berkes, Fikret; University of Manitoba;
[email protected].
Livelihoods in Cambodian fishing communities are complex and dynamic. Fluctuations in resource abundance, seasonal cycles of
resource use, and changes in access create conditions that bring challenges for rural households, as do economic and policy
drivers. Nonetheless, people are continuously “doing something” in response to these stresses and
shocks. This paper sets out to explore how households and community members attempt to mitigate against such challenges. The
analysis of livelihood stresses and shocks in two Cambodian fishing villages shows that diversification is a commonly used
strategy for coping and adapting. Analyzing responses at multiple scales, with emphasis on resilience-building strategies at
household and community...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cambodia; Diversification; Livelihood; Resilience; Scale; Uncertainty; Well-being.
Ano: 2006
What Constitutes Success in Pacific Island Community Conserved Areas?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Axford, Joanna C; School of Natural and Rural Systems Management, University of Queensland; [email protected];
Hockings, Marc T; School of Natural and Rural Systems Management, University of Queensland; [email protected];
Carter, R W. (Bill); Faculty of Science, Health and Education, University of the Sunshine Coast; [email protected].
In recent years, few if any community conserved areas (CCAs) in the Pacific island region have been regarded as being
successful. However, as success is rarely defined, what constitutes “success” is not clear. This paper
reports an investigation into the way “outsiders” perceive success in Pacific island CCAs. An
exploratory survey revealed six umbrella themes of success: the locus of control; local benefits; resource aspects; management;
external stakeholder involvement; and sustainability. Multivariate analysis distinguished two groups, a Big picture group and a
Locally focused group. These differ in how they define success, as well as their organizational alignment. The Big picture group,
largely from funder...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Community conserved area; Conservation; Pacific islands; Perception; Protected area; Success.
Ano: 2008
Environmental tastes, opinions and behaviors: social sciences in the service of cultural ecosystem
service assessment
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Katz-Gerro, Tally; Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Haifa; [email protected]; Orenstein,
Daniel E; Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology; [email protected].
Cultural ecosystem services are the nonmaterial ways in which humans derive benefits from ecosystems. They are distinct from
other types of ecosystem services in that they are not only intangible, but they require an entirely different set of research tools to
identify, characterize, and value them. We offer a novel way to assess how individuals perceive and use their local ecosystem,
thereby advancing the state-of-the-art of cultural ecosystem service assessment. We identify distinct environmental "tastes" that
represent general dispositions, preferences, or orientations regarding particular characteristics of the environment. We then use
these environmental tastes to explain environmental behaviors (e.g., engagement in outdoor activities and resource...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cultural ecosystem services; Environmental attitudes and behaviors; Environmental tastes; Hyperarid
ecosystems; Socio-ecology.
Ano: 2015
Underground Thermal Energy Storage: Environmental Risks and Policy Developments in the
Netherlands and European Union
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bonte, Matthijs; KWR Watercycle Research Institute; [email protected]; Stuyfzand, Pieter J.; KWR
Watercycle Research Institute; [email protected]; Hulsmann, Adriana; KWR Watercycle Research Institute;
[email protected]; Van Beelen, Patrick; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, The Netherlands ;
[email protected].
We present an overview of the risks that underground thermal energy storage (UTES) can impose on the groundwater system,
drinking water production, and the subsurface environment in general. We describe existing policy and licensing arrangements for
UTES in the Netherlands, as well as the capability of the current and future Dutch policy and legal framework to minimize or
mitigate risks from UTES on groundwater resources. A survey at the European Union member state level indicates that regulation
and research on the potential impacts of UTES on groundwater resources and the subsurface environment often lag behind the
technological development of and ever-growing demand for this renewable energy source. The lack of a clear and scientifically
underpinned...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ground source heat pumps; Groundwater; Groundwater quality; Underground planning; Underground thermal
energy storage.
Ano: 2011
Community-Based Conservation and Traditional Ecological Knowledge: Implications for
Social-Ecological Resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Our review highlights how traditional ecological knowledge influences people's adaptive capacity to social-ecological change and
identifies a set of mechanisms that contribute to such capacity in the context of community-based biodiversity conservation
initiatives. Twenty-three publications, including twenty-nine case studies, were reviewed with the aim of investigating how local
knowledge, community-based conservation, and resilience interrelate in social-ecological systems. We highlight that such
relationships have not been systematically addressed in regions where a great number of community conservation initiatives are
found; and we identify a set of factors that foster people's adaptive capacity to social-ecological change and a number of social...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Biodiversity conservation; Community-based conservation; Ecosystem services; Local
ecological knowledge; Natural resource management; Social-ecological change; Social-ecological resilience; Traditional
ecological knowledge.
Ano: 2013
Managing Waters of the Paraíba do Sul River Basin, Brazil: a Case Study in Institutional
Change and Social Learning
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kumler, Lori M.; School of Natural Resources & Environment, University of Michigan; [email protected];
Lemos, Maria Carmen; University of Michigan; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Brazil; CEIVAP; Institutional adaptation; River basin management; Social learning; Water policy.
Ano: 2008
The evolution of local participation and the mode of knowledge production in Arctic research
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Brunet, Nicolas D.; Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University; [email protected];
Hickey, Gordon M.; Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University; [email protected]; Humphries,
Murray M.; Centre for Indigenous Peoples' Nutrition and Environment, McGill University; [email protected].
Arctic science is often claimed to have been transformed by the increased involvement of local people, but these claims of a new
research paradigm have not been empirically evaluated. We argue that the "new" participatory research paradigm emerging in
Arctic science embodies many of the principles of the Mode 2 knowledge production framework. Using the Mode 2 thesis as an
assessment framework, we examined research articles appearing between 1965 and 2010 in the journal Arctic to assess the extent
to which there has been a paradigm shift toward more participatory approaches. Results suggest that the involvement of local
people has increased only slightly over the last half century and continues to vary systematically among disciplines, organizations,
and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Civic science; Community participation; Environmental change; Mode 2; Research policy; Traditional
knowledge.
Ano: 2014
Understanding Fragmentation: Getting closer to 42
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bissonette, John; Utah State University; [email protected]; Storch, Ilse; Wildlife Research and Management
Unit, Technical University of Munich and Max Pl; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Disturbance metrics; Fragmentation; Pulsed resources; Spatial dynamics; Temporal dynamics.
Ano: 2003
Mechanisms of Resilience in Common-pool Resource Management Systems: an Agent-based Model of
Water Use in a River Basin
Provedor de dados: 7
The concept of resilience is widely promoted as a promising notion to guide new approaches to ecosystem and resource
management that try to enhance a system's capacity to cope with change. A variety of mechanisms of resilience specific for
different systems have been proposed. In the context of resource management those include but are not limited to the diversity of
response options and flexibility of the social system to adaptively respond to changes on an adequate scale. However,
implementation of resilience-based management in specific real-world systems has often proven difficult because of a limited
understanding of suitable interventions and their impact on the resilience of the coupled social-ecological system. We propose an
agent-based modeling...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Agent-based model; Amudarya; Diversification; Fisheries; Irrigation; Mechanism;
Resilience; River basin; Social-ecological system; Water use.
Ano: 2007
Implications of Current Ecological Thinking for Biodiversity Conservation: a Review of the Salient
Issues
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wallington, Tabatha J; Murdoch University; [email protected]; Hobbs, Richard J; ;
[email protected]; Moore, Susan A; ; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Disturbance; Ecosystem management; Non-equilibrium ecology; Spatial dynamics;
Temporal dynamics; Theoretical ecology.
Ano: 2005
Politics
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tillotson, Michael; ; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1998
Learning for resilience in the European Court of Human Rights: adjudication as an adaptive
governance practice
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: West, Simon P; Stockholm Resilience Centre; [email protected]; Schultz, Lisen; Stockholm Resilience Centre;
[email protected].
Managing for social-ecological resilience requires ongoing learning. In the context of nonlinear dynamics, surprise, and
uncertainty, resilience scholars have proposed adaptive management, in which policies and management actions are treated as
experiments, as one way of encouraging learning. However, the implementation of adaptive management has been problematic.
The legal system has been identified as an impediment to adaptive management, with its apparent prioritization of certainty over
flexibility, emphasis on checks and balances, protection of individual rights over public interests, and its search for
“transcendent justice” over “contingent truth.” However, although adaptive
management may encourage learning...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Law; Learning; Resilience; Rights.
Ano: 2015
Long-term relationship between climate change and nomadic migration in historical China
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pei, Qing; Department of Geography and International Centre for China Development Study, The University of Hong
Kong, Hong Kong; [email protected]; Zhang, David D.; Department of Geography and International Centre for China
Development Study, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;.
We investigated the relationship between a 2000-year history of nomadic migration and climate change in historical China. By
using updated data and statistical methods, the study solved several unanswered questions from past research about the
relationship between climate change and the nomadic migration, especially over the long term and on a large spatial scale. The
study used correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and Granger causality analysis to quantitatively verify the following
causal pathway: climate change → nomadic migration → conflicts between pastoralists and agriculturalists.
In the long term, precipitation was a statistically more influential factor on nomadic migration than temperature in historical
China....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2014
Toward an analytical framework for understanding complex social-ecological systems when
conducting environmental impact assessments in South Africa
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bowd, Rebecca; School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal;
[email protected]; Quinn, Nevil W.; Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of the
West of England ; [email protected]; Kotze, Donovan C.; School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences,
University of KwaZulu-Natal; [email protected].
Consideration of biophysical impacts has historically dominated environmental impact assessment (EIA) practice. Despite the
emergence of social impact assessment, the consideration of socioeconomic impacts in EIA is variable, as is the extent of their
integration in EIA findings. There is growing recognition for the need to move EIA practice toward sustainability assessment,
characterized by comprehensiveness, i.e., scope of impacts, integration, i.e., of biophysical and socioeconomic impacts, and a
greater strategic focus. This is particularly the case in developing regions and in countries like South Africa, which have statutory
requirements for the full consideration of socioeconomic impacts in EIA. We suggest that EIA practice could benefit from...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Environmental impact assessment (EIA); Framework; Participation; Social-ecological
system (SES); Sustainability assessment.
Ano: 2015
Environmental Flows: Striking the Balance between Development and Resource Protection
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: King, Jackie; University of Cape Town; [email protected]; Brown, Cate; Southern Waters Ecological Research and
Consulting;.
Management of scarce water resources through the use of environmental flows, particularly in developing countries in data-poor
arid areas, raises many scientific challenges. These include transforming hydrological data into an ecologically relevant format,
providing quantified predictions of river responses to flow change, describing the impacts of river change on common-property
users of the rivers, providing the information in a format that decision makers can use, and guiding monitoring and adaptive
management. Each of these challenges emerged in South Africa during the last two decades, when rivers and other aquatic
ecosystems were enhanced in stature from having no rights to their own water to being one of only two sectors with a right to
water; the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Environmental flows; South Africa; Holistic approach; Biophysical change; River condition; Common-property
use; Decision support system.
Ano: 2006
Respect for Grizzly Bears: an Aboriginal Approach for Co-existence and Resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Clark, Douglas A; Wilfrid Laurier University; University of Alberta; Yukon College; Yale School of Forestry and
Environmental Studies; [email protected]; Slocombe, D. Scott; Wilfrid Laurier University; [email protected].
Aboriginal peoples’ respect for grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) is widely acknowledged, but rarely explored, in wildlife
management discourse in northern Canada. Practices of respect expressed toward bears were observed and grouped into four
categories: terminology, stories, reciprocity, and ritual. In the southwest Yukon, practices in all four categories form a coherent
qualitative resource management system that may enhance the resilience of the bear-human system as a whole. This system also
demonstrates the possibility of a previously unrecognized human role in maintaining productive riparian ecosystems and salmon
runs, potentially providing a range of valued social-ecological outcomes. Practices of respect hold promise for new strategies to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bear ceremonialism; Champagne and Aishihik First Nations; Inuit; Inuvialuit; Northwest Territories; Nunavut;
Resilience; Salmon; Social-ecological system; Southern Tutchone; Traditional ecological knowledge; Ursus arctos; Yukon.
Ano: 2009
Are There Scientific Criteria for Putting Short-term Conservation Ahead of Learning? No.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hinrichsen, Richard A; Hinrichsen Environmental Services; [email protected].
Kai Lee asks "Are there clearly articulated scientific criteria for putting short-term conservation ahead of learning? (That is, are
there conservation situations where we know enough not to need to worry about surprises?)" There can be no such scientific
criteria, even in the most trivial of circumstances, because it is really a question of societal values. In cases in which societal
values favor conservation of an endangered or threatened population, reliable learning is unlikely to be placed ahead of short-term
conservation, partly because it is uncertain whether learning will really improve the prospects for population recovery. Given the
prevailing societal values and scientific realities surrounding endangered or threatened populations, the question...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Snake River; Adaptive management; Chinook salmon; Endangered populations; Learning; Scientific criteria;
Short-term conservation; Societal values.
Ano: 2000
Application of Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping in Livelihood Vulnerability Analysis
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Murungweni, Chrispen; Wageningen University; Grasslands Research Institute, Zimbabwe;
[email protected]; van Wijk, Mark T.; Wageningen University; [email protected]; Andersson, Jens A.;
Wageningen University; University of Zimbabwe; [email protected]; Smaling, Eric M. A.; University of Twente;
[email protected]; Giller, Ken E.; Wageningen University; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Drought; Fuzzy cognitive mapping; Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area; Livelihood; Southeastern
Zimbabwe; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2011
Habitat Scale Mapping of Fisheries Ecosystem Service Values in Estuaries
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: O’Higgins, Timothy G.; Scottish Association for Marine Sciences; [email protected]; Ferraro,
Steven P.; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency;; Dantin, Darrin D.; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency;; Jordan, Steve J.;
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency;; Chintala, Marnita M; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency;.
Little is known about the variability of ecosystem service values at spatial scales most relevant to local decision makers.
Competing definitions of ecosystem services, the paucity of ecological and economic information, and the lack of standardization
in methodology are major obstacles to applying the ecosystem-services approach at the estuary scale. We present a standardized
method that combines habitat maps and habitat–faunal associations to estimate ecosystem service values for
recreational and commercial fisheries in estuaries. Three case studies in estuaries on the U.S. west coast (Yaquina Bay, Oregon),
east coast (Lagoon Pond, Massachusetts), and the Gulf of Mexico (Weeks Bay, Alabama) are presented to illustrate our
method’s...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Estuary; Habitat; Mapping; Valuation.
Ano: 2010
Social networks and fishers’ behavior: exploring the links between information flow and
fishing success in the Northumberland lobster fishery
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Turner, Rachel A.; Centre for Resource Management and Environmental Studies, University of the West Indies;
[email protected]; Polunin, Nicholas V. C.; School of Marine Science and Technology, Newcastle University, UK;
[email protected]; Stead, Selina M.; School of Marine Science and Technology, Newcastle University, UK;
[email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Fisheries management; Fishers’ Behavior; Fishing success; Information sharing; Lobster fisheries;
Social network analysis.
Ano: 2014
Toward Operationalizing Resilience Concepts in Australian Marine Sectors Coping with Climate
Change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Leith, Peat; Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania; [email protected]; Madin, Elizabeth M.;
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Technology Sydney; Dept. of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University ;
[email protected].
We seek to contribute to the scholarship on operationalizing resilience concepts via a working resilience indicator framework.
Although it requires further refinement, this practical framework provides a useful baseline for generating awareness and
understanding of the complexity and diversity of variables that impinge on resilience. It has potential value for the evaluation,
benchmarking, monitoring, and reporting of marine system resilience. The necessity for such a framework is a consequence of the
levels of complexity and uncertainty associated with climate change and other global change stressors in marine social-ecological
systems, and the problems involved in assessing their resilience. There is a need for: (1) methodologies that bring together...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Australia; Climate change impacts; Marine sector; Resilience assessment; Resilience indicator.
Ano: 2013
Social success of in-stream habitat improvement: from fisheries enhancement to the delivery of
multiple ecosystem services
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Marttila, Maare; Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Management and Production of Renewable Resources;
University of Oulu, Department of Ecology; [email protected]; Karjalainen, Timo P; University of Oulu, Water Resources
and Environmental Engineering Research Group; [email protected].
Stream restoration often aims to enhance fisheries by improving stream conditions for target fish species. However, river
restoration has a potential impact on a variety of ecosystem services. Among stakeholders, the emerging expectations about
restoration attain different priorities. How well these expectations are met influences social perceptions of success or failure.
Although public support for restoration is known to have a significant impact on the sustainability and overall success of
restoration, social aspects are rarely considered in this context. To address these issues, we conducted a questionnaire study
among the residents and fishermen of three recently restored rivers in Finland. Results indicate that both user groups highly
supported the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Benefits; Cultural value; Evaluation; Perception surveys; Public satisfaction; Restoration; River.
Ano: 2016
“Letting the leaders pass”: barriers to using traditional ecological knowledge
in comanagement as the basis of formal hunting regulations
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Padilla, Elisabeth; Resilience and Adaptation Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks; [email protected]; Kofinas,
Gary P.; Department of Humans and Environment and Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks;
[email protected].
We studied a case of failure in applying traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) in comanagement as the basis for formal hunting
regulations. We based the study on the Porcupine Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) Herd “let the leaders
pass” policy, established for the Dempster Highway of the Western Canadian Arctic, and identified conditions
creating barriers in the successful application of TEK through comanagement. Stated as propositions, identified barriers include:
(1) the context-specific nature of TEK limits its application in resource management regulations; (2) changes in traditional
authority systems, hunting technology, and the social organization of harvesting caribou affect the effectiveness of TEK
approaches in a contemporary...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Caribou; Comanagement; Traditional ecological knowledge; Wildlife management.
Ano: 2014
Indigenous Past Climate Knowledge as Cultural Built-in Object and Its Accuracy
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Leclerc, Christian; CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France; [email protected]; Mwongera, Caroline ;
Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France; [email protected].
In studying indigenous climate knowledge, two approaches can be envisioned. In the first, traditional knowledge is a cultural
built-in object; conceived as a whole, its relevance can be assessed by referring to other cultural, economic, or technical
components at work within an indigenous society. In the second, the accuracy of indigenous climate knowledge is assessed with
western science knowledge used as an external reference. However, assessing the accuracy of indigenous climate knowledge
remains a largely untapped area. We aim to show how accurate the culturally built indigenous climate knowledge of extreme
climatic events is, and how amenable it is to fuzzy logic. A retrospective survey was carried out individually and randomly among
195 Eastern...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Drought; Ecological anthropology; Fuzzy logic; Kenya; Meru; Traditional ecological
knowledge.
Ano: 2013
Commentary on Gordon Baskerville's Perspective
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Franklin, Jerry; University of Washington; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1997
Integrated Natural Resource Management: Approaches and Lessons from the Himalaya
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Saxena, K. G.; Jawaharlal Nehru University; [email protected]; Rao, K.S.; CISHME, University of Delhi,
South Campus, New Delhi-17, India; [email protected]; Sen, K. K. C; G. B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and
Development;; Maikhuri, R. K.; G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development; [email protected];
Semwal, R. L.; ;.
Losses of forest cover, biodiversity, agricultural productivity, and ecosystem services in the Himalayan mountain region are
interlinked problems and threats to the sustainable livelihoods of 115 x 106 mountain people as well as the inhabitants of the
adjoining Indo-gangetic plains. Until the 1970s, environmental conservation, food security, and rural economic development were
treated as independent sectors. The poor outcomes of sector-oriented approaches catalyzed efforts to address environmental and
socioeconomic problems concurrently. The identification of "key" natural resource management interventions is an important
dimension of integrated management. Projects to rehabilitate the degraded lands that cover 40% of the Indian Himalaya could be
key...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bamboo; Community decision making; Himalaya; India; Integrated natural resource management; Land
rehabilitation; Medicinal plants; Reforestation; Village.
Ano: 2001
Scientific Responsibility and Responsible Ecology
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wiens, John A; ; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1997
Economic Governance to Expand Commercial Wetlands: Within- and Cross-Scale Challenges
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: de Blaeij, Arianne T.; LEI Wageningen UR; [email protected]; Polman, Nico; LEI Wageningen UR;
[email protected]; Reinhard, Stijn; LEI Wageningen UR; [email protected].
Commercial wetlands are defined as wetlands directed by an entrepreneur with the intention of making a profit. The combination
of ecosystem services that commercial wetlands can provide seems to be an attractive societal perspective. Nevertheless, these
wetlands are not developed on a large scale in the Netherlands. This paper discusses different types of economic governance that
could facilitate the development of new commercial wetlands and addresses challenges that have to be overcome. We conclude
that developing governance solutions that address ecosystem services with different scales is crucial for the introduction of
commercial wetlands. Also, distinct and autonomous property rights of entrepreneurs need to be addressed.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Commercial ecosystem; Economic governance; Economic value; Ecosystem management; Ecosystem services;
Multifunctional land use; PES systems; Scaling; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2011
Hof, J. G., and M. Bevers. 2002. Spatial Optimization in Ecological Applications.
University Press, New York, New York, USA
Columbia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McCarthy, Michael; Australian Research Centre for Urban Ecology; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003
Silviculture's Role in Managing Boreal Forests
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Graham, Russell T; USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station; rgraham/[email protected]; Jain,
Theresa B; USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station; tjain/[email protected].
Boreal forests, which are often undeveloped, are a major source of raw materials for many countries. They are circumpolar in
extent and occupy a belt to a width of 1000 km in certain regions. Various conifer and hardwood species ranging from true firs to
poplars grow in boreal forests. These species exhibit a wide range of shade tolerance and growth characteristics, and occupy
different successional positions. The climate is subarctic, with short growing seasons, and the soils are shallow. Both wildfires and
timber harvesting play an important role in shaping the structure and composition of boreal forests. Both uneven-aged and
even-aged silvicultural systems can be used to produce commercial harvests, but systems can also be designed to meet a variety
of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Boreal forest; Even-aged stands; Forest composition; Forest management; Forest structure; Global timber
markets; Silvicultural systems; Subarctic; Uneven-aged stands.
Ano: 1998
Seed Exchange as an Agrobiodiversity Conservation Mechanism. A Case Study in Vall Fosca, Catalan
Pyrenees, Iberian Peninsula
Provedor de dados: 7
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Catalonia; Home gardens; In situ conservation; Local landraces; Social network analysis; Spain; Traditional
ecological knowledge.
Ano: 2012
The Unexpected Result Is Not Always a Failure
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fink, Ron; Global Fisheries Consultants Limited; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002
Perceptions of shellfish aquaculture in British Columbia and implications for well-being in marine
social-ecological systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: D'Anna, Linda M; Vancouver Island University, Institute for Coastal Research; [email protected]; Murray, Grant D;
Vancouver Island University, Institute for Coastal Research; [email protected].
Shellfish aquaculture is often positioned as an adaptive alternative to traditional resource industries, but the social and cultural
effects of expanding production on coastal/marine social-ecological systems are unclear. Reporting on a multimethods study, we
present perceptions about shellfish aquaculture collected through interviews, participant-employed photography, and a household
survey in British Columbia, Canada. With an approach focused on local preferences for social-ecological conditions and the ways
in which those conditions may be enhanced or diminished, we indicate that perceptions of the effects of aquaculture on the
environment, economy, and lived experience are composed of both objective and subjective components. Interview responses
and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Coastal communities; Marine; Shellfish aquaculture; Social-ecological systems; Well-being.
Ano: 2015
Developing a Scientific Basis for Managing Earth's Life Support Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Daily, Gretchen C; Stanford University; [email protected].
Here, I review the motivation and science behind efforts to characterize and manage ecosystems as capital assets. I then describe
some recent work to evaluate the potential for sustaining biodiversity and ecosystem services in human-dominated landscapes.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Countryside biogeography; Ecological economics; Ecosystem Services Framework;
Global change; Interdisciplinary collaboration.
Ano: 1999
Ecosystems and Immune Systems: Useful Analogy or Stretching a Metaphor?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Walker, Brian; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biological invasion; Ecosystems; Immune systems; Management; Metaphor; Sustainability.
Ano: 2001
The Use of Impact Assessment Tools to Support Sustainable Policy Objectives in Europe
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: De Smedt, Peter; Research Centre of the Flemish Government; [email protected].
Sustainable development has become an overall policy objective in Europe. The sustainability transition is seen as the process of
coming to terms with sustainability in all its ecological, social, economic, and institutional dimensions. This challenging process is
as much about new ways of knowing as it is about resource management and product innovation. I analyzed how scientific tools
such as environmental, socioeconomic, and integrated models have been developed and used to provide a solid foundation for
sustainable policy objectives. I used a scoping study to compare current impact assessment exercises and research policy cases
within the European Commission (EC). Although the EC is recognized as having supported environmental policy integration for...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Impact assessment; Science-policy interface; Sustainability.
Ano: 2010
Applying the Concept of Fit to Water Governance Reforms in South Africa
Provedor de dados: 7
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Boundaries; Dynamic fit; River basin management; South Africa; Spatial fit; Water governance; Water resource
management.
Ano: 2014
Comment on "Ecological and Social Dynamics in Simple Models of Ecosystem Management" by S. R.
Carpenter, W. A. Brock, and P. Hanson
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Perrings, Charles; University of York; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1999
Governance and the Capacity to Manage Resilience in Regional Social-Ecological Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lebel, Louis; Chiang Mai University; [email protected]; Anderies, John M; Arizona State University;
[email protected]; Campbell, Bruce; Northern Territory University; [email protected]; Folke, Carl; Stockholm
University; [email protected]; Hatfield-Dodds, Steve; CSIRO; [email protected]; Hughes, Terry P; James
Cook University; [email protected]; Wilson, James; University of Maine; [email protected].
The sustainability of regional development can be usefully explored through several different lenses. In situations in which
uncertainties and change are key features of the ecological landscape and social organization, critical factors for sustainability are
resilience, the capacity to cope and adapt, and the conservation of sources of innovation and renewal. However, interventions in
social-ecological systems with the aim of altering resilience immediately confront issues of governance. Who decides what should
be made resilient to what? For whom is resilience to be managed, and for what purpose? In this paper we draw on the insights
from a diverse set of case studies from around the world in which members of the Resilience Alliance have observed or...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Governance; Resilience; Adaptive capacity; Institutions; Accountability; Deliberation; Participation; Social
justice; Polycentric institutions; Multilayered institutions.
Ano: 2006
Resilience of small-scale societies’ livelihoods: a framework for studying the transition
from food gathering to food production
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lancelotti, Carla; CaSEs - Complexity and Socio-Ecological Dynamics Research Group; Department of Humanities,
Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; [email protected]; Zurro, Debora; CaSEs - Complexity and Socio-Ecological
Dynamics Research Group; Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, IMF-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; [email protected];
Whitehouse, Nicki J.; School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK;
[email protected]; Kramer, Karen L.; Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah,
USA; [email protected]; Madella, Marco; CaSEs - Complexity and Socio-Ecological Dynamics Research Group;
Department of Humanities, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Archaeology and Anthropology,
IMF-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Barcelona, Spain; [email protected]; Greaves, Russell D.; Department of
Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Peabody Museum of Archeology and Ethnology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; [email protected].
The origins of agriculture and the shift from hunting and gathering to committed agriculture is regarded as one of the major
transitions in human history. Archeologists and anthropologists have invested significant efforts in explaining the origins of
agriculture. A period of gathering intensification and experimentation and pursuing a mixed economic strategy seems the most
plausible explanation for the transition to agriculture and provides an approach to study a process in which several nonlinear
processes may have played a role. However, the mechanisms underlying the transition to full agriculture are not completely clear.
This is partly due to the nature of the archeological record, which registers a practice only once it has become clearly...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: ABM; Resources; Social-ecological dynamics; Subsistence strategies; Transition to agriculture.
Ano: 2016
A Governing Framework for Climate Change Adaptation in the Built Environment
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mazmanian, Daniel
A.; University of Southern California; [email protected]; Jurewitz, John; Pomona
College; [email protected]; Nelson, Hal T.; Claremont Graduate University; [email protected].
Developing an approach to governing adaptation to climate change is severely hampered by the dictatorship of the present when
the needs of future generations are inadequately represented in current policy making. We posit this problem as a function of the
attributes of adaptation policy making, including deep uncertainty and nonstationarity, where past observations are not reliable
predictors of future outcomes. Our research links organizational decision-making attributes with adaptation decision making and
identifies cases in which adaptation actions cause spillovers, free riding, and distributional impacts. We develop a governing
framework for adaptation that we believe will enable policy, planning, and major long-term development decisions to be made...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; California; Climate change adaptation; Governance; Planning.
Ano: 2013
Quantitative, qualitative, and collaborative methods: approaching indigenous ecological knowledge
heterogeneity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Spoon, Jeremy; Portland State University; [email protected].
I discuss the use of quantitative, qualitative, and collaborative methods to document and operationalize Indigenous ecological
knowledge, using case studies from the Nepalese Himalaya and Great Basin. Both case studies applied results to natural and
cultural resource management and interpretation for the public. These approaches attempt to reposition the interview subjects to
serve as active contributors to the research and its outcomes. I argue that the study of any body of Indigenous knowledge requires
a context-specific methodology and mutually agreed upon processes and outcomes. In the Nepalese Himalaya, I utilized linked
quantitative and qualitative methods to understand how tourism influenced Sherpa place-based spiritual concepts, species, and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collaborative methods; Great Basin; Himalayas; Indigenous ecological knowledge; Linked quantitative and
qualitative methods; Numic peoples (Southern Paiute and Western Shoshone); Sherpa.
Ano: 2014
Individuals Matter: Exploring Strategies of Individuals to Change the Water Policy for the Tisza
River in Hungary
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Werners, Saskia E.; ; [email protected]; Matczak, Piotr; ; [email protected]; Flachner, Zsuzsanna ; ;
[email protected].
This paper offers a novel interpretation of the introduction of floodplain rehabilitation and rural development into the water policy
for the Tisza River in Hungary. It looks at the role of individuals and the strategies that they used to bring about water policy
change. Five strategies are explored: developing new ideas, building coalitions to sell ideas, using windows of opportunity,
playing multiple venues and orchestrating networks. Our discussion on the importance of each strategy and the individuals behind
it is based on interviews, group discussions and a literature review. The international and political attention sparked by a series of
floods, dike failure and a major cyanide spill, which preceded national elections, opened a window of opportunity...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Coalition; Individual actor; Hungary; Tisza River; Transition; Water policy change.
Ano: 2010
Bonnicksen, T. M. 2000. America's Ancient Forests: From the Ice Age to the Age of Discovery. Wiley,
New York.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Williams, John Warren; University of California Santa Barbara; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2000
Uncertainty as Information: Narrowing the Science-policy Gap
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bradshaw, G. A.; National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS) and USDA Forest S;
[email protected]; Borchers, Jeffrey G; Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University; [email protected].
Conflict and indecision are hallmarks of environmental policy formulation. Some argue that the requisite information and
certainty fall short of scientific standards for decision making; others argue that science is not the issue and that indecisiveness
reflects a lack of political willpower. One of the most difficult aspects of translating science into policy is scientific uncertainty.
Whereas scientists are familiar with uncertainty and complexity, the public and policy makers often seek certainty and
deterministic solutions. We assert that environmental policy is most effective if scientific uncertainty is incorporated into a
rigorous decision-theoretic framework as knowledge, not ignorance. The policies that best utilize scientific findings are defined...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Decision making; Environmental policy; Global climate change; Monitoring; Risk;
Uncertainty.
Ano: 2000
Commentary on Gordon Baskerville's Perspective
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fujii, Koichi; university; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1997
Deciding Where to Burn: Stakeholder Priorities for Prescribed Burning of a Fire-Dependent
Ecosystem
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Costanza, Jennifer K.; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; currently: North Carolina State University;
[email protected]; Moody, Aaron; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collaborative conservation; Fire management; Longleaf pine; Management liability; Risk; Wildfire;
Wildland-urban interface.
Ano: 2011
Does Pastoralists' Participation in the Management of National Parks in Northern Norway Contribute
to Adaptive Governance?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Risvoll, Camilla ; University of Nordland; [email protected]; Fedreheim, Gunn Elin; Nordland Research
Institute; [email protected]; Sandberg , Audun ; University of Nordland; [email protected]; BurnSilver, Shauna; School of
Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University; [email protected].
Norwegian protected areas have historically been managed by central, expertise bureaucracy; however, a governance change in
2010 decentralized and delegated the right to manage protected areas to locally elected politicians and elected Sámi
representatives in newly established National Park Boards. We explore how this new governance change affects adaptive capacity
within the reindeer industry, as the reindeer herders are now participating with other users in decision-making processes related
to large tracts of protected areas in which they have pasture access. Aspects within adaptive capacity and resilience thinking are
useful as complementary dimensions to a social-ecological system framework (Ostrom 2007) in exploring the dynamics of
complex...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Decentralization; National park governance; Participation; Pastoralists; Protected areas;
Reindeer herding; SES framework; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2014
Relaxing in Uncertainty
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tyson, Wayne; ; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003
Beyond Forest Cover: Land Use and Biodiversity in Rubber Trail Forests of the Chico Mendes
Extractive Reserve
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Vadjunec, Jacqueline M.; Department of Geography, Oklahoma State University; [email protected];
Rocheleau, Dianne; Graduate School of Geography, Clark University; [email protected].
Among the strategies to promote sustainable tropical forest development around the world, the Federal Extractive Reserve System
of Brazil is widely cited as an exemplary model. It is designed to protect rubber tapper communities, their forests, and their
livelihoods while preventing deforestation and conserving biodiversity. In response to changing markets and policies, rubber
tappers in the Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve have recently diversified production to include market agriculture and cattle
production, precipitating deforestation in the reserve, with the implication of increased ecological degradation compared to the
extraction of nontimber forest products (NTFPs). Our remote sensing and forest inventory analyses yield different insights about
the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Ecological monitoring; Extractive reserves; Land use; Livelihood; Tropical deforestation.
Ano: 2009
Revisiting the Resilience of Chestnut Forests in Corsica: from Social-Ecological Systems Theory to
Political Ecology
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Michon, Genevieve; IRD; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Chestnut; Corsica; Political ecology; Resilience; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2011
Modeling Soft Institutional Change and the Improvement of Freshwater Governance in the Coastal
Zone
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Prou, Jean ; Ifremer, head of La Tremblade Station; [email protected]; Lample, Michel; University of Brest, UMR
Amure;; Vanhoutte-Brunier, Alice; Ifremer, UMR Amure, Marine Economics Department;; Bordenave, Paul; Cemagref, ADER
Research Unit;.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Common-pool resources; Ecosystem services; Freshwater management; Governance; Institutional arrangements.
Ano: 2011
Outcomes of State- vs. Community-Based Mangrove Management in Southern Thailand
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sudtongkong, Chanyut; Asian Institute of Technology; Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya;
[email protected]; Webb, Edward L.; Asian Institute of Technology; Department of Biological Sciences, National University
of Singapore; [email protected].
In Thailand, mangrove forests are claimed for state management, although it is widely recognized that coastal communities access
and manage those forests. Skepticism persists within Thai government circles about whether coastal villages can sustainably
manage and protect mangroves. This research presents evidence of successful mangrove conservation and management by two
coastal villages in Trang province, southern Thailand. Using interdisciplinary methods including interviews, discussions,
quantitative forest surveys, and institutional analysis, we describe the history of how these two communities gained rights to
manage the mangrove forests, and the subsequent positive biological outcomes associated with their management. Local villages
have crafted and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Collective action; Ecology; Forest management; Institutions; Management; Sustainability.
Ano: 2008
From theoretical to actual ecosystem services: mapping beneficiaries and spatial flows in ecosystem
service assessments
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bagstad, Kenneth J.; Geosciences & Environmental Change Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey;
[email protected]; Villa, Ferdinando; Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for
Science, Spain; [email protected]; Batker, David; Earth Economics; [email protected]; Harrison-Cox,
Jennifer; Earth Economics; [email protected]; Voigt, Brian; Gund Institute for Ecological Economics, University of
Vermont; [email protected]; Johnson, Gary W.; Gund Institute for Ecological Economics, University of Vermont;
[email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Beneficiaries; Benefits; Demand side; Mapping; Provisioning areas; Spatial dynamics; Spatial flow.
Ano: 2014
Adaptive Management and Social Learning in Collaborative and Community-Based Monitoring: a
Study of Five Community-Based Forestry Organizations in the western USA
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fernandez-Gimenez, Maria E.; Colorado State University; [email protected]; Ballard, Heidi L.;
University of California - Davis; [email protected]; Sturtevant, Victoria E.; Southern Oregon University;
[email protected].
Collaborative and community-based monitoring are becoming more frequent, yet few studies have examined the process and
outcomes of these monitoring approaches. We studied 18 collaborative or community-based ecological assessment or monitoring
projects undertaken by five community-based forestry organizations (CBFs), to investigate the objectives, process, and outcomes
of collaborative ecological monitoring by CBF organizations. We found that collaborative monitoring can lead to shared
ecological understanding among diverse participants, build trust internally and credibility externally, foster social learning and
community-building, and advance adaptive management. The CBFs experienced challenges in recruiting and sustaining
community participation in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Collaborative monitoring; Multiparty monitoring; Community-based monitoring;
Resilience; Social-ecological systems; Social learning.
Ano: 2008
The Concept of Resilience from a Normative Perspective: Examples from Dutch Adaptation
Strategies
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Keessen, Andrea M.; Utrecht Centre for Water, Oceans and Sustainability Law; [email protected]; Hamer, Jurrien M.;
PhD-candidate Moral Philosophy, Utrecht University; [email protected]; Van Rijswick, Helena F. M. W.; Utrecht
Centre for Water, Oceans and Sustainability Law; [email protected]; Wiering, Mark; Nijmegen School of Management,
Radboud University Nijmegen; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation strategies; The Netherlands; Normative choices; Political theory; Public interest.
Ano: 2013
Engaging Local Communities in Low Emissions Land-Use Planning: a Case Study from Laos
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hett, Cornelia; Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) North-South, Centre for Development and
Environment (CDE); Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Switzerland; [email protected]; Heinimann, Andreas;
Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) North-South, Centre for Development and Environment (CDE);
Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Switzerland; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Carbon tenure; Equity; Laos; Participatory land-use planning; REDD+.
Ano: 2013
The Role of Governance in Agricultural Expansion and Intensification: a Global Study of Arable
Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mandemaker, Menno; Chairgroup of Land Dynamics, Wageningen University; [email protected]; Bakker,
Martha; Chairgroup of Land Dynamics, Wageningen University; [email protected]; Stoorvogel, Jetse; Chairgroup of Land
Dynamics, Wageningen University; [email protected].
In this research we studied empirical relationships between agricultural production dynamics and six quantitative World Bank
governance indicators for 173 countries between 1975 and 2007. It is hypothesized that in countries with lower quality of
governance, agricultural production increases are more likely to be achieved by area expansions than by increases in yields. We
distinguished four groups of countries: those with both area and yield increases; those with increasing yields but decreasing area;
those with decreasing yields but a growing area; and those with both declines in yields and area. We analyzed differences between
these four groups, and also analyzed governance-production relationships within these groups. On average, quality of
governance...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cropland; Development; Empirical; Farming; Governance; Intensification.
Ano: 2011
Using historical political ecology to understand the present: water, reeds, and biodiversity in the
Camargue Biosphere Reserve, southern France
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mathevet, Raphael; UMR 5175 CEFE CNRS, Montpellier; [email protected]; Peluso, Nancy Lee;
Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley; [email protected];
Couespel, Alexandre; UMR 5175 CEFE CNRS, Montpellier; [email protected]; Robbins, Paul; Nelson Institute for
Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison; [email protected].
Exploring both ecological and political-economic histories sheds light on the long-term effects of social and environmental
changes. Wetlands provide an excellent context for examining the re-working of society-nature relations in a landscape over a
long duration. Wetland conditions and social-ecological dynamics show changes rapidly and visibly because they are frequently
re-engineered to account for changes in both technology and social preferences. Wetlands are subject to multiple, concurrent
property and access regimes that have consequences for both management and ecosystem health. We discuss the social-natural
history of the Scamandre Marshes in the western part of the Camargue Biosphere Reserve using a historical political ecology
approach to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive cycle; Biodiversity conservation; Camargue; Historical political ecology; Wetland management.
Ano: 2015
Can Payments for Ecosystem Services Contribute to Adaptation to Climate Change? Insights from a
Watershed in Kenya
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mwangi, John K.; Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya; PhD Fellow, World
Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya ; [email protected]; Namirembe, Sara; World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF),
Nairobi, Kenya ; [email protected].
Climate change presents new challenges for the management of social-ecological systems and the ecosystem services they
provide. Although the instrument of payments for ecosystem services (PES) has emerged as a promising tool to safeguard or
enhance the provision of ecosystem services (ES), little attention has been paid to the potential role of PES in climate change
adaptation. As an external stressor climate change has an impact on the social-ecological system in which PES takes place,
including the various actors taking part in the PES scheme. Following a short description of the conceptual link between PES and
adaptation to climate change, we provide practical insights into the relationship between PES and adaptation to climate change by
presenting...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; Climate variability; Payments for ecosystem services; Watershed.
Ano: 2014
A coastal foodscape: examining the relationship between changing fisheries and community food
security on the west coast of Newfoundland
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lowitt, Kristen N.; McGill University; [email protected].
Fisheries make vital contributions to food security and food security is an important part of fisheries governance. However, there
are relatively few in-depth studies examining the consequences of collapsed and changing fisheries for the food security of coastal
communities. In this case study I use the concept of the coastal foodscape to look at the relationship between changing fisheries
and community food security in the Bonne Bay region on the west coast of Newfoundland. I examine the social-ecological
interactions that compose the local food system and their changing relationship to community food security, and point to
directions for developing a more resilient and democratic food system.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Community food security; Fisheries restructuring; Foodscapes.
Ano: 2014
Historical framework to explain long-term coupled human and natural system feedbacks: application
to a multiple-ownership forest landscape in the northern Great Lakes region, USA
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Steen-Adams, Michelle M.; Department of Environmental Studies, University of New England; Pacific Northwest
Research Station, USDA Forest Service; [email protected]; Langston, Nancy; Department of Social Sciences, Michigan
Technological University; [email protected]; Adams, Mark D. O.; Department of Environmental Studies, University of New
England; [email protected]; Mladenoff, David J.; Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of
Wisconsin-Madison; [email protected].
Current and future human and forest landscape conditions are influenced by the cumulative, unfolding history of social-ecological
interactions. Examining past system responses, especially unintended consequences, can reveal valuable insights that promote
learning and adaptation in forest policy and management. Temporal couplings are complex, however; they can be difficult to
trace, characterize, and explain. We develop a framework that integrates environmental history into analysis of coupled human
and natural systems (CHANS). Our study demonstrates how historical data and methods can help to explain temporal complexity
of long-term CHANS feedbacks. We focus on two sources of temporal complexity: legacy effects and lagged interactions. We
apply our...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: CHANS; Environmental history; Feedback; Forest landscape; Great Lakes; Historical ecology; Lagged
interaction; Legacy; Ownership; Tribal; Unanticipated consequence.
Ano: 2015
Social-ecological memory as a source of general and specified resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: von Heland, Jacob; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; [email protected].
We explored why social-ecological memory (SEM) is a source of inertia and path dependence, as well as a source of renewal and
reorganization in social-ecological systems (SESs). We have presented two case studies: the historical case of the Norse
settlement on Greenland and an empirical case from contemporary southern Madagascar. The cases illustrate how SEM is linked
to specific pathways of development and a particular set of natural resource management practices. We have shown that in each
case, a broader diversity of SEM is present in the SESs, but not drawn upon. Instead, SEMs are part of what explains community
coherence and the barriers to adoption of more diverse practices. We have elaborated on how specific SEMs are linked to
specified resilience,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: General and specified resilience; Identity; Pathway dependency; Robustness; Social-ecological memory.
Ano: 2014
Łeghágots'enetę (learning together): the importance of
indigenous perspectives in the identification of biological variation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Polfus, Jean L.; Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada;
[email protected]; Manseau, Micheline; Office of the Chief Ecosystem Scientist, Parks Canada, Gatineau,
Québec, Canada; Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada;
[email protected]; Bayha, Walter; Délı̨nę Land Corporation,
Délı̨nę, Northwest Territories, Canada; [email protected]; Rice, Keren;
Department of Linguistics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; [email protected]; Wilson, Paul; Biology
Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Aboriginal; Biocultural diversity; Biodiversity; Caribou; Collaborative research; Ecology; First Nation; Genetic
variation; Indigenous communities; Population genetics; Population structure; Rangifer tarandus; Resource management;
Social-ecological systems; Traditional knowledge.
Ano: 2016
Tracking the Genetic Effects of Global Warming: Drosophila and Other Model Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Scheiner, Samuel M; National Science Foundation; [email protected].
Current efforts to study the biological effects of global change have focused on ecological responses, particularly shifts in species
ranges. Mostly ignored are microevolutionary changes. Genetic changes may be at least as important as ecological ones in
determining species' responses. In addition, such changes may be a sensitive indicator of global changes that will provide different
information than that provided by range shifts. We discuss potential candidate systems to use in such monitoring programs.
Studies of Drosophila subobscura suggest that its chromosomal inversion polymorphisms are responding to global warming.
Drosophila inversion polymorphisms can be useful indicators of the effects of climate change on populations and ecosystems.
Other...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Biological indicator; Chromosomal inversion polymorphism; Climate change;
Drosophila; Evolutionary ecology; Genetic diversity; Global warming; Microevolution.
Ano: 1998
A Multicriteria Risk Analysis to Evaluate Impacts of Forest Management Alternatives on Forest
Health in Europe
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Duncker, Philipp; Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Institute for Forest Growth;; Gardiner, Barry; Forest Research,
Northern Research Station;; Grodzki, Wojciech; Forest Research Institute, Department of Forest Management in Mountain
Regions;; Langstrom, Bo; The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology;; Netherer, Sigrid; University
of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Entomology, Forest
Pathology, and Forest Protection;; Nicoll, Bruce; Forest Research, Northern Research Station;; Orazio, Christophe; IEFC - EFI
Atlantic;; Schelhaas, Mart-Jan; Centre for Ecosystem Studies, Alterra;; Tojic, Karl; Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Institute
for Forest Growth;.
Due to climate change, forests are likely to face new hazards, which may require adaptation of our existing silvicultural practices.
However, it is difficult to imagine a forest management approach that can simultaneously minimize all risks of damage.
Multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) has been developed to help decision makers choose between actions that require reaching
a compromise among criteria of different weights. We adapted this method and produced a multicriteria risk analysis (MCRA) to
compare the risk of damage associated with various forest management systems with a range of management intensity. The
objective was to evaluate the effect of four forest management alternatives (FMAs) (i.e., close to nature, extensive management
with combined...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Abiotic; Biotic; Damage; Hazard; MCRA; Silviculture.
Ano: 2012
Brookfield, H. 2001. Exploring Agrodiversity. Columbia University Press, New York, New York,
USA.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Coomes, Oliver T; McGill University; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003
The Tragedy of the Park: an Agent-based Model of Endogenous and Exogenous Institutions for
Forest Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Vallino, Elena; Department of Economics and Statistics, University of Torino, Italy; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agent-based models; Commons; Institutions; Participatory conservation; Protected areas.
Ano: 2014
Challenges in Regulating Pesticide Mixtures
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lydy, Michael; Southern Illinois University at Carbondale; [email protected]; Belden, Jason; Southern Illinois University
at Carbondale; [email protected]; Wheelock, Craig; University of California at Davis; [email protected]; Hammock,
Bruce; University of California at Davis; [email protected]; Denton, Debra; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency;
[email protected].
This paper introduces the field of mixture toxicity and the challenges in regulating pesticide mixtures. Even though pesticides are
unique chemical stressors designed to have biological activity that can affect a number of nontarget species, they are intentionally
placed into the environment in large quantities. Currently, methods and terminology for evaluating mixture toxicity are poorly
established. The most common approach used is the assumption of additive concentration, with the concentrations adjusted for
potency to a reference toxicant. Using this approach, the joint action of pesticides that have similar chemical structures and modes
of toxic action can be predicted. However, this approach and other modeling techniques often provide little insight...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: EPA; Additive toxicity; Concentration addition; Independent action; Mixtures; Pesticides; Regulations; Risk
cup; Toxicity; Toxicity assessment.
Ano: 2004
When to Spray: a Time-Scale Calculus Approach to Controlling the Impact of West Nile Virus
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Thomas, Diana; Montclair State University; [email protected]; Weedermann, Marion; Dominican
University; [email protected]; Billings, Lora; Montclair State University; [email protected]; Hoffacker, Joan;
Clemson University; [email protected]; Washington-Allen, Robert A; Texas A&M University; University of Virginia;
Adjunct at University of Tennessee; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Basic reproduction number; Delay differential equation; Dynamic equations on a time scale; Population
dynamics; West Nile Virus.
Ano: 2009
Local Community Attitudes toward Forests Outside Protected Areas in India. Impact of Legal
Awareness, Trust, and Participation.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Demps, Kathryn; Department of Anthropology; French Institute of Pondicherry ; [email protected]; Laval, Marie;
SGS, Forestry Monitoring Programme; [email protected]; Garcia, Claude A.; CIRAD UR B&SEF; French Institute of
Pondicherry; CIFOR; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Anthropology; Attitudes; Forest dwellers; Forest Rights Act; Kodagu; Reserved Forests; Western Ghats.
Ano: 2011
Evaluating Successful Livelihood Adaptation to Climate Variability and Change in Southern Africa
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Osbahr, Henny; University of Reading and Walker Institute for Climate System Research; [email protected];
Twyman, Chasca; University of Sheffield;; Adger, W. Neil; Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East
Anglia;; Thomas, David S. G.; University of Oxford;.
This paper examines the success of small-scale farming livelihoods in adapting to climate variability and change. We represent
adaptation actions as choices within a response space that includes coping but also longer-term adaptation actions, and define
success as those actions which promote system resilience, promote legitimate institutional change, and hence generate and sustain
collective action. We explore data on social responses from four regions across South Africa and Mozambique facing a variety of
climate risks. The analysis suggests that some collective adaptation actions enhance livelihood resilience to climate change and
variability but others have negative spillover effects to other scales. Any assessment of successful adaptation is, however,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Africa; Climate change; Livelihoods; Resilience.
Ano: 2010
Considering the Relationships among Social Conflict, Social Imaginaries, Resilience, and
Community-based Organization Leadership
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Stephenson, Jr., Max O.; Virginia Tech Institute for Policy and Governance; [email protected].
This article focuses on the question of what role community-based organization leaders play in shaping the possibility for the
emergence of new social imaginaries. It argues that deep social conflicts and efforts to secure purposive change are likely to
demand strong civil society organization response and that certain forms of imagination are necessary and must be actively
employed among community-based leaders if new imaginaries are to be discerned and effectively shared in ways that encourage
sustained dialogue and the development of new social understandings. The article explores these briefly and draws illustratively
upon two relevant examples from the peacebuilding literature to contend that such imagination-led leadership is necessary to
catalyze...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Post-conflict situations; Resilience; Social imaginaries.
Ano: 2011
Past and future landscape dynamics in pasture-woodlands of the Swiss Jura Mountains under climate
change
Provedor de dados: 7
Silvopastoral systems are traditional components of the landscape in the Swiss Jura Mountains, and are promising approaches for
the sustainable management of mountain areas worldwide. Due to complex vegetation dynamics, pasture-woodlands are very
vulnerable to the currently occurring land use and climate changes. Therefore, management requires integrative long-term
predictions of successional trends. We present a refined version of the spatially explicit, dynamic simulation model WoodPaM
with improved climate sensitivity of simulated vegetation. We investigate pasture-woodland dynamics by applying an innovative
combination of retrospective simulations starting in the Middle Ages with prospective simulations following two climate change
scenarios. The...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Climate warming; Landscape structure; Management; Pasture-woodland; Silvopastoral system; Species shift;
Retrospective simulation; Vegetation dynamics.
Ano: 2013
Are Long Fire-free Periods Needed to Maintain the Endangered, Fire-recruiting Shrub
Arctostaphylos morroensis(Ericaceae)?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Odion, Dennis; Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara; [email protected]; Tyler,
Claudia; Institute for Computational Earth Systems Science; [email protected].
Morro manazanita (Arctostaphylos morroensis) is a distinctive shrub restricted to a small area along the coast of California, USA.
This endangered species faces two opposing fire-related extinction risks: (1) adults are killed by fire, and (2) recruitment
opportunities only occur with fire. These strongly limit the capacity of this, as well as other obligate-seeding species, to recover
from a population decline, which may result if there is an inadequate amount of time between fires for replenishment of sufficient
seed populations. Using a prescribed burn, we tested whether the size of the seed bank that had accumulated in a 40-yr-old stand
would prove adequate for maintaining A. morroensis population sizes through fire. Prior to the burn, we found ~11,000...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Arctostaphylos morroensis; California coast; Endangered species; Fire-dependent germination; Fire-related
extinction risk; Maritime chaparral; Morro manzanita; Obligate-seeder; Postfire seedling recruitment; Seed bank; Shrublands;
Viable seed.
Ano: 2002
Supporting the Shift from State Water to Community Water: Lessons from a Social Learning
Approach to Designing Joint Irrigation Projects in Morocco
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dionnet, Mathieu; Lisode; [email protected]; Bluemling, Bettina; Wageningen University;
[email protected].
This paper focuses on the evaluation of a participatory approach aimed at supporting groups of small-scale farmers in the design
of joint drip irrigation projects. Our idea was to create a sustainable social learning environment in which they could acquire
adaptive knowledge about new irrigation technology and about designing and managing a joint irrigation project while at the same
time improving their negotiation capacities. We developed a framework to evaluate the process as well as the outputs and
outcomes of the use of our approach with four groups of smallholder farmers in the Tadla irrigation scheme in Morocco. Our
findings showed that the learning environment made it possible to compensate for the knowledge differential among stakeholders
and to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Social learning drip irrigation irrigation projects; Project management Morocco; Farmers; Water supply.
Ano: 2009
Introducing Ecological Dynamics into Common-Pool Resource Experiments
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Janssen, Marco A; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University; [email protected].
Case-study analysis shows that long-lasting social–ecological systems have institutional arrangements regulating
where, when, and how to appropriate resources instead of how much. Those cases testify to the importance of the fit between
ecological and institutional dynamics. Experiments are increasingly used to study decision making, test alternative behavioral
models, and test policies. In typical commons dilemma experiments, the only possible decision is how much to appropriate.
Therefore, conventional experiments restrict the option to study the interplay between ecological and institutional dynamics.
Using a new real-time, spatial, renewable resource environment, we can study the informal norms that participants develop in an
experimental...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Common-pool resources; Communication; Institutional innovation; Laboratory experiments; Problem of fit.
Ano: 2010
Resilience, Flexibility and Adaptive Management - - Antidotes for Spurious Certitude?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gunderson, Lance; Emory University; [email protected].
In many cases, a predicate of adaptive environmental assessment and management (AEAM) has been a search for flexibility in
management institutions, or for resilience in the ecological system prior to structuring actions that are designed for learning. Many
of the observed impediments to AEAM occur when there is little or no resilience in the ecological components (e.g., when there is
fear of an ecosystem shift to an unwanted stability domain), or when there is a lack of flexibility in the extant power relationships
among stakeholders. In these cases, a pragmatic solution is to seek to restore resilience or flexibility rather than to pursue a course
of broad-scale, active adaptive management. Restoration of resilience and flexibility may occur through novel...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Active learning; Adaptive management; AEAM; Ecological resilience; Flexibility; Florida Everglades; Policy
crisis; Restoration; Stability domain; Stakeholders; Surprise; Uncertainty.
Ano: 1999
More Globally Coordinated Approach Needed to Control Aliens
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Chapman, Ross; Parks Canada; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002
The politics of negotiation and implementation: a reciprocal water access agreement in the Himalayan
foothills, India
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kovacs, Eszter K.; Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, UK ; [email protected]; Kumar, Chetan;
Global Forest and Climate Change Program, IUCN, Washington, D.C., USA; [email protected]; Agarwal, Chetan;
Center for Ecology Development and Research, India; [email protected]; Adams, William M.; Department of
Geography, University of Cambridge, UK; [email protected]; Hope, Robert A.; School of Geography and Environment and Smith
School of Enterprise and the Environment, Oxford University, UK; [email protected]; Vira, Bhaskar; Department of
Geography, University of Cambridge, UK; University of Cambridge Conservation Research Institute (UCCRI);
[email protected].
In this paper, we examine the on-the-ground realities of upstream-downstream negotiations and transactions over ecosystem
services. We explore the engagement, negotiation, implementation, and postimplementation phases of a “reciprocal
water access” (RWA) agreement between village communities and municipal water users at Palampur, Himachal
Pradesh, India. We aim to highlight how external actors drove the payments for ecosystem services agenda through a series of
facilitation and research engagements, which were pivotal to the RWA’s adoption, and how the agreement fared once
external agents withdrew. In the postimplementation period, the RWA agreement continues to be upheld by upstream
communities amidst evolving, competing...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: India; Negotiations; Payments for ecosystem services; Water management.
Ano: 2016
Land abandonment, landscape, and biodiversity: questioning the restorative character of the forest
transition in the Mediterranean
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Marull, Joan; Barcelona Institute of Regional and Metropolitan Studies (IERMB), Autonomous University of Barcelona;
[email protected]; Tello, Enric; Department of Economic History and Institutions, Faculty of Economics and Business,
University of Barcelona; [email protected]; Diana, Giovanna L.; Barcelona Institute of Regional and Metropolitan Studies (IERMB),
Autonomous University of Barcelona; [email protected]; Pons, Manel; Barcelona Institute of Regional and Metropolitan
Studies (IERMB), Autonomous University of Barcelona; [email protected]; Coll, Francesc; Barcelona Institute of
Regional and Metropolitan Studies (IERMB), Autonomous University of Barcelona; [email protected].
The effects of land abandonment on biodiversity have received considerable attention by scholars, but results are far from
conclusive. Different cultural traditions of scientists seem to underlie the contrasting ways in which land abandonment is
understood. Although the forest transition (FT) framework considers land abandonment as an opportunity for biodiversity
conservation, European landscape ecologists characterize it as a threat. We use insights from both traditions to analyze the effects
of land abandonment on landscape and biodiversity in a mountain area of metropolitan Barcelona. We do so through an in-depth
historical case study covering a period of 160 years. A set of landscape metrics was applied to land-cover maps derived from
cadastral...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Cultural landscape; Forest transition; Land abandonment; Landscape changes; Landscape
structure; Land-use change; Land-use mosaic; Mediterranean; Peasant management.
Ano: 2015
The Practice of Transboundary Decision Making on the Incomati River: Elucidating Underlying
Factors and their Implications for Institutional Design
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Slinger, Jill H.; Delft University of Technology; [email protected]; Hilders, Marianne; DHV B.V. (Adviesgroep
Water, Natuur en Ruimte); [email protected]; Juizo, Dinis; Eduardo Mondlane University; [email protected].
The Incomati River Basin is shared by Mozambique, South Africa, and Swaziland. In August 2002, the groundbreaking
“Tripartite Interim Agreement on Water Sharing of the Maputo and Incomati Rivers” (the IncoMaputo
agreement) was signed. Following reports that the use, availability, and adequacy of information posed problems for future
decision making on this transboundary river, the Delft University of Technology initiated a 6-month study in 2003 in which 25
southern African researchers and officials were interviewed. The Joint Incomati Basin Study (Phase I from
1992–1995, and Phase II from 2000–2001) formed a central component in the investigation, because it
was viewed by the parties involved as a successful...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Causal analysis; Decision making; Governance; Information use; Institutions; International water policy;
Mozambique; Networks; River-basin management; South Africa; Southern Africa; Swaziland.
Ano: 2010
Wild Bird Movements and Avian Influenza Risk Mapping in Southern Africa
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cumming, Graeme S.; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Center of Excellence, University of Cape Town,
Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; [email protected]; Hockey, Philip A. R.; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF
Center of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; [email protected]; Bruinzeel, Leo W.;
Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Center of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa;
[email protected]; Du Plessis, Morne A.; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Center of Excellence, University of Cape
Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; [email protected].
Global analyses of the potential for avian influenza transmission by wild birds have ignored key characteristics of the southern
African avifauna. Although southern Africa hosts a variety of migratory, Holarctic-breeding wading birds and shorebirds, the
documented prevalence of avian influenza in these species is low. The primary natural carriers of influenza viruses in the northern
hemisphere are the anatids, i.e., ducks. In contrast to Palearctic-breeding species, most southern African anatids do not undertake
predictable annual migrations and do not follow migratory flyways. Here we present a simple, spatially explicit risk analysis for
avian influenza transmission by wild ducks in southern Africa. We developed a risk value for each of 16 southern...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Anatidae; Avian influenza; Botswana; Ducks; Influenza; Landscape ecology; Namibia; Pathogen; South Africa;
Virus; Waterfowl; Zimbabwe.
Ano: 2008
Equity, Power Games, and Legitimacy: Dilemmas of Participatory Natural Resource Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Barnaud, Cecile; INRA, UMR1201 DYNAFOR; Toulouse University, INPT-ENSAT; Toulouse University, INPT EI
Purpan
; [email protected]; Van Paassen, Annemarie; Knowledge, Technology and Innovation Group,
Wageningen University;.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Critical systems; Inequity; Participatory approach; Power; Reflexivity; Transdisciplinarity.
Ano: 2013
Small Sawmills Persevere While the Majors Close: Evaluating Resilience and Desirable Timber
Allocation in British Columbia, Canada
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pinkerton, Evelyn W; School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University; [email protected];
Benner, Jordan; School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: British Columbia Canada; Commodity sawmills; Resilience of social-ecological systems; Specialty sawmills;
Timber supply; Value-added wood products.
Ano: 2013
Integrating Collaboration, Adaptive Management, and Scenario-Planning: Experiences at Las
Cienegas National Conservation Area
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Caves, Jeremy K.; Department of Environmental Earth System Science, Stanford University; [email protected];
Bodner, Gitanjali S.; The Nature Conservancy, Tucson, Arizona; [email protected]; Simms, Karen; Tucson Field Office, Bureau
of Land Management; [email protected]; Fisher, Larry A.; School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of
Arizona; [email protected]; Robertson, Tahnee; Southwest Decision Resources; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biological planning; Bureau of Land Management; Climate adaptation; Collaboration; Desert Southwest;
Ecological monitoring; Implementing adaptive management; Nested objectives; Public lands management; Scenario planning.
Ano: 2013
The Relations Among Threatened Species, Their Protection, and Taboos
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Colding, Johan; Stockholm University and Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; [email protected]; Folke, Carl;
Stockholm University; [email protected].
We analyzed the role of taboos for the protection of species listed as "threatened" by the World Conservation Union (IUCN), and
also for species known to be endemic and keystone. The study was limited to taboos that totally avoid or prohibit any use of
particular species and their populations. We call them specific-species taboos . Through a literature review, 70 currently existing
examples of specific-species taboos were identified and analyzed. The species avoided were grouped into biological classes.
Threat categories were determined for each species, based on the IUCN Red Data Book. We found that ~ 30% of the identified
taboos prohibit any use of species listed as threatened by IUCN. Of the specific-species taboos, 60% are set on reptiles and
mammals....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Endemic species; Keystone species; Nature conservation; Taboos; Threatened species; Traditional societies.
Ano: 1997
Advocacy, Science, Policy, and Life in the Real World
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Baskerville, Gordon; ; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1997
Complexity of Stakeholder Interaction in Applied Research
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pade-Khene, Caroline; Rhodes University; [email protected]; Luton, Rebecca; University of the Witwatersrand;
[email protected]; Jordaan, Tarina; North-West University; [email protected]; Hildbrand, Sandra; University of
Kwazulu-Natal; [email protected]; Gerwel Proches, Cecile; University of Kwazulu-Natal; [email protected];
Sitshaluza, Andile; University of Cape Town; [email protected]; Dominy, James; Stellenbosch University;
[email protected]; Ntshinga, Wonga; Tshwane University of Technology; [email protected]; Moloto, Nosipho;
University of the Witwatersrand; [email protected].
Applied research in complex integrated settings should be recognized as an endeavor that requires transdisciplinary and
multisectoral stakeholder interactions. The problems faced in society are quite complex, requiring participation and knowledge
from diverse aspects of society, including different disciplines (academia), communities, civil society, and government.
Successful applied research relies on nurturing these key stakeholder relationships and interactions. This paper explores the key
challenges of stakeholder interaction in applied research in three disciplines in the South African context, based on literature and
the experience of authors in their disciplines. The three disciplines include information and communication technology for...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Applied research; Information and communication technology for development; Natural resources; Stakeholder
interaction; Town and regional planning; Transdisciplinarity.
Ano: 2013
Diversity, flexibility, and the resilience effect: lessons from a social-ecological case study of diversified
farming in the northern Great Plains, USA
Provedor de dados: 7
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Diversified farming system; Diversity; Drought; Resilience; Northern Great Plains USA; Scale; Slow
variables; Social-ecological systems; Sustainable agriculture; Values-based supply chain.
Ano: 2014
The Role of Economic and Social Factors Driving Predator Control in Small-Game Estates in Central
Spain
Provedor de dados: 7
One of the most important human-wildlife conflicts in the world is that where predators are involved. Predators may compete with
us for the same resources, such as game species. As a consequence, predators have been frequently controlled by game managers,
which has negatively affected many predator populations worldwide. The understanding of human-wildlife conflicts requires a
multidisplicinary framework that is rarely considered. We aim to evaluate the attitudes and behavior of game managers with
regard to predator management in central Spain, as well as to explore factors that lead to these attitudes and behavior. Data were
gathered through face to face interviews with game managers from 59 small-game hunting estates within central Spain. Predator...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Attitudes towards predators; Game management; Human-wildlife conflicts; Perceptions; Pica pica; Vulpes
vulpes.
Ano: 2013
Detection and Assessment of Ecosystem Regime Shifts from Fisher Information
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Karunanithi, Arunprakash T; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National
Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268; [email protected]; Cabezas, Heriberto; U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory,
Cincinnati, OH 45268; [email protected]; Frieden, B. Roy; University of Arizona, Optical Sciences Center, Tucson, AZ
85721; [email protected]; Pawlowski, Christopher W.; RD Zande and Associates, Cincinnati, OH 45249;
[email protected].
Ecosystem regime shifts, which are long-term system reorganizations, have profound implications for sustainability. There is a
great need for indicators of regime shifts, particularly methods that are applicable to data from real systems. We have developed a
form of Fisher information that measures dynamic order in complex systems. Here we propose the use of Fisher information as a
means of: (1) detecting dynamic regime shifts in ecosystems, and (2) assessing the quality of the shift in terms of intensity and
pervasiveness. Intensity is reflected by the degree of change in dynamic order, as determined by Fisher information, and
pervasiveness is a reflection of how many observable variables are affected by the change. We present a new robust methodology
to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystems; Fisher information; Marine ecosystem; Regime shifts; Resilience; Sustainability.
Ano: 2008
Genetically Modified Crops and the Agroecosystem: Comments on "Genetically Modified Crops:
Risks and Promise" by Gordon Conway
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pimentel, David; Cornell University; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.); GM crops; Agriculture; Biotechnology; Economics; Ecosystems; Genetic
engineering; Herbicides.
Ano: 2000
Responses of Emergent Marsh Wetlands in Upstate New York to Variations in Urban Typology
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kleppel, G. S.; Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY; [email protected]; Madewell,
Shirley A; Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY; [email protected]; Hazzard, Sarah E; Department
of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY; [email protected].
Although it has been repeatedly demonstrated that urbanization has negative environmental consequences, the conversion of land
to urban use is increasing worldwide and is not likely to abate. We tested the hypothesis that different urban typologies, i.e.,
distributions of human population and infrastructure, differentially influence the water quality and ecological functionality of
emergent marsh wetlands in New York State's Hudson River Valley. Wetlands were studied in two watersheds, defined as
landscapes bounded by ridge lines, containing traditional small-town development and two watersheds containing suburban
typologies. Land cover attributes were evaluated by analyzing ground-truthed, orthophotoquad data with a GIS. Water quality, the
cover and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Hudson River Valley; New York State; Buffers; Land use; Small towns; Suburbs; Trophic transfer efficiency;
Urban typology; Urbanization; Water quality; Watershed; Wetlands.
Ano: 2004
Cultural Keystone Species: Implications for Ecological Conservation and Restoration
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Garibaldi, Ann; University of Victoria; [email protected]; Turner, Nancy; University of Victoria; [email protected].
Ecologists have long recognized that some species, by virtue of the key roles they play in the overall structure and functioning of
an ecosystem, are essential to its integrity; these are known as keystone species. Similarly, in human cultures everywhere, there
are plants and animals that form the contextual underpinnings of a culture, as reflected in their fundamental roles in diet, as
materials, or in medicine. In addition, these species often feature prominently in the language, ceremonies, and narratives of native
peoples and can be considered cultural icons. Without these "cultural keystone species," the societies they support would be
completely different. An obvious example is western red-cedar (Thuja plicata) for Northwest Coast cultures of North...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Porphyra abbottiae; Sagittaria spp.; Thuja plicata; British Columbia; First Nations; Cultural keystone species;
Ecological restoration; Traditional ecological knowledge.
Ano: 2004
Beyond protein intake: bushmeat as source of micronutrients in the Amazon
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Vliet, Nathalie; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); [email protected]; Schor, Tatiana;
Geography Department, Universidade Federal do Amazonas; [email protected]; Tellez, Leady; Independent consultant;
[email protected].
Wild meat is critical for the food security and income of millions of people, especially for poor rural households. Its role as a
primary source of macronutrients worldwide has been recognized, but there have been few attempts to evaluate the contribution of
bushmeat consumption to micronutrient intake. This is so particularly in the context of nutritional transitions induced by
modernization and globalization. Here, we calculated the role of bushmeat as a source of micronutrients in the diets of urban and
peri-urban inhabitants within the Tres Fronteras (Peru, Brazil, Colombia) region in the Amazon. We gathered food intake data
from 35 households using 3-day 24-h food recalls combined with food weighing. Additionally, we interviewed 105 households on
food...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Amazon; Bushmeat; Conservation; Food intake; Micronutrients; Nutrition.
Ano: 2015
Teaching and Learning Ecological Modeling over the Web: a Collaborative Approach
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Voinov, Alexey; IEE UMCES; [email protected].
A framework for web-based collaborative teaching has been created. This framework is implemented as an ecological modeling
course (http://iee.umces.edu/AV/Simmod.html), but should be flexible enough to apply to other disciplines. I have developed a
series of tools to facilitate interactive communication between students and instructors, and among students taking the course. The
course content consists of reading materials that describe the theory of systems analysis and modeling, guidelines on how models
can be built, and numerous examples and illustrations. The interactive part includes exercises that can be discussed with and
evaluated by the instructor, and provides a means to mimic class discussions. To what extent this approach can replace...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collaborative teaching; Ecological modeling; Interactivity; Open source; Web education.
Ano: 2002
Exploring the Role of Private Wildlife Ranching as a Conservation Tool in South Africa: Stakeholder
Perspectives
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cousins, Jenny A; University of Manchester; [email protected]; Sadler, Jon P; University of
Birmingham;; Evans, James; University of Manchester;.
Rich in biological diversity, South Africa’s natural habitats are internationally recognized as a conservation priority.
Biodiversity loss continues, however, and limited scope to enlarge the state-protected areas, combined with funding shortages for
public parks, means that conservationists are increasingly turning to private landowners for solutions. The recent boom in
privately owned wildlife ranches in South Africa has the potential to contribute to conservation in South Africa. This paper
explores the benefits, limitations, and challenges of private wildlife ranching as a tool for conservation in South Africa through
interviews with key stakeholders working within conservation and wildlife ranching, and through case studies of threatened...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Private wildlife ranches; Qualitative research; South Africa; Stakeholder views.
Ano: 2008
Variance as a Leading Indicator of Regime Shift in Ecosystem Services
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Brock, William A; University of Wisconsin-Madison; [email protected]; Carpenter, Stephen R; University of
Wisconsin-Madison; [email protected].
Many environmental conflicts involve pollutants such as greenhouse gas emissions that are dispersed through space and cause
losses of ecosystem services. As pollutant emissions rise in one place, a spatial cascade of declining ecosystem services can
spread across a larger landscape because of the dispersion of the pollutant. This paper considers the problem of anticipating such
spatial regime shifts by monitoring time series of the pollutant or associated ecosystem services. Using such data, it is possible to
construct indicators that rise sharply in advance of regime shifts. Specifically, the maximum eigenvalue of the variance-covariance
matrix of the multivariate time series of pollutants and ecosystem services rises prior to the regime shift. No...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecological economics; Ecosystem service; Indicators; Markets; Pollution; Regime shifts; Thresholds; Variance.
Ano: 2006
A Cautionary Note on Individual Transferable Quotas
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sumaila, U. Rashid; UBC Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia; [email protected].
Individual transferable quotas (ITQs) are a type of catch share system, which is a tool used by some governments to manage
fisheries. Technical reasons for taking a rather cautious approach to the implementation of ITQs have been provided previously. In
the current contribution, I first highlight the strengths and weaknesses of ITQs and then provide suggestions on how to design and
implement these quotas to mitigate their weaknesses. ITQs need to be designed carefully as part of a broad ecosystem-based
management scheme to meet the three generally accepted objectives of modern fisheries management: ecological, economic, and
social sustainability.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Catch shares; Ecological sustainability; Economic sustainability; Economic efficiency; Exclusive and
transferable rights; Ecosystem-based fisheries management; Fisheries; Individual transferable quotas; ITQs; Social sustainability.
Ano: 2010
Voices of the Caribou People: a participatory videography method to document and share local
knowledge from the North American human-Rangifer systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bali, Archana; Department of Humans and Environment, School of Natural Resources & Agricultural Sciences and
Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks; Resilience and Adaptation Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks;
[email protected]; Kofinas, Gary P.; Department of Humans and Environment, School of Natural Resources & Agricultural
Sciences and Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks; Resilience and Adaptation Program, University of
Alaska Fairbanks; [email protected].
“Voices of the Caribou People” is a participatory videography project for documenting and sharing the
local knowledge of caribou-user communities about social-ecological changes. The project was conducted in partnership with
indigenous people who share a long and close relationship with caribou and self-identify as the “Caribou
People.” The Caribou People desired to share their knowledge, experiences, challenges, and coping strategies with
other indigenous communities and with scientists and wildlife managers. Six communities in the North American Arctic
participated in the project, with 99 people interviewed about the ecological, cultural, spiritual, and nutritional aspects of their
relationship with caribou. The...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Caribou People; Human-rangifer systems; Indigenous communities; Local knowledge; Participatory research;
Traditional knowledge; Videography.
Ano: 2014
A Diagnostic Procedure for Transformative Change Based on Transitions, Resilience, and
Institutional Thinking
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ferguson, Briony C.; Monash Water for Liveability; Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities; Monash
University; [email protected]; Brown, Rebekah R.; Monash Water for Liveability; Cooperative Research Centre for
Water Sensitive Cities; Monash University; [email protected]; Deletic, Ana; Department of Civil Engineering;
Monash Water for Liveability; Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities; Monash University;
[email protected].
Urban water governance regimes around the world have traditionally planned large-scale, centralized infrastructure systems that
aim to control variables and reduce uncertainties. There is growing sectoral awareness that a transition toward sustainable
alternatives is necessary if systems are to meet society’s future water needs in the context of drivers such as climate
change and variability, demographic changes, environmental degradation, and resource scarcity. However, there is minimal
understanding of how the urban water sector should operationalize its strategic planning for such change to facilitate the transition
to a sustainable water future. We have integrated concepts from transitions, resilience, and institutional theory to develop a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Institutions; Resilience; Strategic planning; Sustainability; Transformative change; Transition; Urban water.
Ano: 2013
Path Dependence as an Example of a Dysfunctional Panarchy
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mathias, Jack; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001
River Rehabilitation for Conservation of Fish Biodiversity in Monsoonal Asia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dudgeon, David; University of Hong Kong; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Restoration; Rehabilitation; Dams; Pollution; Fisheries; Yangtze; Mekong; Ganges; Salween; River
management.
Ano: 2005
Rediscovering Rites of Passage: Education, Transformation, and the Transition to Sustainability
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lertzman, David Adam; University of Calgary; [email protected].
This paper focuses on rites of passage as a model for wilderness programs. It draws on my experience in the field, particularly
with Native youth in a community-based program called "Rediscovery." The Rediscovery program is discussed, along with
concepts of traditional indigenous knowledge and education. Foundational concepts of rites of passage are described in terms of
their relevance to youth, outdoor education, and the Rediscovery program in particular. Using Rediscovery as a model, rites of
passage are put forward as an educational process for youth from various cultural backgrounds. In this context, the purpose of
education is to cultivate self-knowledge and to foster core personal development: the making of whole human beings. The paper
closes with...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Canada; First Nations; Rediscovery; Indigenous peoples; Outdoor education; Rites of passage; Sustainability;
Traditional knowledge; Youth.
Ano: 2002
Understanding sustainable seafood consumption behavior: an examination of the Ocean Wise (OW)
initiative in British Columbia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dolmage, Katherine M.; Coastal and Marine Management, University Centre of the Westfjords;
[email protected]; Macfarlane, Victoria; Global Studies, Vancouver Island University (VIU); Director of Belize
Institute for Local Development (BILD); [email protected]; Alley, Jamie; Coastal and Marine Management,
University Centre of the Westfjords; Department of Geography, University of Victoria; [email protected].
Sustainable seafood labeling programs have been developed as one of several efforts to address the current dire trends in fish
stocks. The Ocean Wise (OW) program, started at the Vancouver Aquarium (Canada), works with restaurateurs and suppliers to
simplify sustainable purchasing decisions. By aiding restaurateurs with responsible purchasing, OW hopes to shift demand to
sustainable seafood products. OW has grown in numbers and spread across Canada quickly; we examine the factors associated
with individual and organizational decisions to participate in the program, including personal, business, and program-related
factors. These factors were examined in relation to OW membership by Vancouver restaurateurs. Results show that restaurateurs
with greater...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: BC; British Columbia; Consumer behavior; Ocean Wise; OW; Restaurant; Seafood; Sustainability.
Ano: 2016
Overcoming Information Limitations for the Prescription of an Environmental Flow Regime for a
Central American River
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Esselman, Peter C; Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University; [email protected]; Opperman, Jeffrey
J; The Nature Conservancy; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Dams; Environmental flows; Fish assemblage; Honduras; Hydrology; Traditional ecological knowledge;
Tropics.
Ano: 2010
The Potential Role of Mental Model Methodologies in Multistakeholder Negotiations: Integrated
Water Resources Management in South Africa
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Du Toit, Derick R; Association for Water and Rural Development; [email protected]; Biggs, Harry; South African
National Parks; [email protected]; Pollard, Sharon; Association for Water and Rural Development; [email protected].
Equitable redistribution of resources is an emergent phenomenon in democratizing countries, and attempts are often characterized
by decentralized decision making within a framework of multistakeholder negotiations. South Africa offers a unique opportunity
to explore the manifestations of these relationships, particularly through Integrated Water Resources Management and its National
Water Act of 1998. The Integrated Water Resources Management framework provides for collaborative strategic planning, shared
visioning, consideration to water resource protection, attention to the regulation of use, operational planning, and implementation
of management plans. Water users, with different stakes and views of how the resource should be managed, are expected to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Mental models; Participatory water management; Stakeholder negotiation.
Ano: 2011
Defining Conservation Priorities Using Fragmentation Forecasts
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wear, David; U.S. Forest Service; [email protected]; Pye, John; U.S. Forest Service; [email protected]; Riitters, Kurt; U.S.
Forest Service; [email protected].
Methods are developed for forecasting the effects of population and economic growth on the distribution of interior forest habitat.
An application to the southeastern United States shows that models provide significant explanatory power with regard to the
observed distribution of interior forest. Estimates for economic and biophysical variables are significant and consistent with
theory. Forecasts of interior forest based on the population and economic growth projected for the region are displayed by
ecological section and province and by metropolitan statistical area (MSA). Loss of interior forests is expected to be especially
high in certain ecological sections, including the southern Appalachian Piedmont in North and South Carolina, the Gulf prairies...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Fragmentation; Interior forest; Land use forecasts; North Carolina; South Carolina; Florida; Texas.
Ano: 2004
Water Management in the Camargue Biosphere Reserve: Insights from Comparative Mental Models
Analysis
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mathevet, Raphael; UMR 5175 Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle & Evolutive, Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifique ; [email protected]; Lynam, Tim; CSIRO, Sustainable Ecosystems, Davies Laboratory;
[email protected]; Calvet, Coralie; UMR 5175 Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle & Evolutive, Centre National de la
Recherche Scientifique ; [email protected].
Mental models are the cognitive representations of the world that frame how people interact with the world. Learning implies
changing these mental models. The successful management of complex social-ecological systems requires the coordination of
actions to achieve shared goals. The coordination of actions requires a level of shared understanding of the system or situation; a
shared or common mental model. We first describe the elicitation and analysis of mental models of different stakeholder groups
associated with water management in the Camargue Biosphere Reserve in the Rhône River delta on the French
Mediterranean coast. We use cultural consensus analysis to explore the degree to which different groups shared mental models of
the whole system,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: ARDI method; Consensus analysis; Mental models; Water management.
Ano: 2011
Impacts of the 2010 Droughts and Floods on Community Welfare in Rural Thailand: Differential
Effects of Village Educational Attainment
Provedor de dados: 7
Climatic events can have disastrous consequences on rural livelihoods, which rely mainly on agriculture and natural resources.
The way households and communities respond to climatic shocks depends on their available resources. We formulated that
education is a human capital asset that can increase coping abilities in difficult times because education improves access to both
social and economic resources. Based on the Thai government surveys of the living conditions and life quality of 68,343 rural
villages for the years 2009 and 2011, we investigated the impacts of floods and droughts in 2010 on community welfare, i.e.,
consumption and income in 2011 at the village level. Using difference-in-difference methods, we analyzed how differential
demographic...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Consumption and income smoothing; Drought; Economic vulnerability; Education; Flood; Thailand; Welfare.
Ano: 2013
Developing Indicators for Monitoring and Evaluating Joint Management Effectiveness in Protected
Areas in the Northern Territory, Australia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Izurieta, Arturo; Research Institute for Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University;
[email protected]; Sithole, Bevlyne; Research Institute for Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University;;
Stacey, Natasha; Research Institute for Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University; [email protected];
Hunter-Xenie, Hmalan; Research Institute for Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University;; Campbell, Bruce;
Research Institute for Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University;; Donohoe, Paul; Northern Land Council;;
Brown, Jessie; Wardaman Traditional Owner;; Wilson, Lincoln; Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and
Sport/NT Parks and Wildlife Service;.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Evaluation; Indigenous people; Joint management; Management effectiveness;
Monitoring; Participation; Partnership; Protected areas.
Ano: 2011
Using social network analysis to identify key stakeholders in agricultural biodiversity governance and
related land-use decisions at regional and local level
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hauck, Jennifer; Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; CoKnow Consulting - Coproducing Knowledge
for Sustainability; [email protected]; Schmidt, Jenny; Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ;
[email protected].
In 2013 the European Commission launched its new green infrastructure strategy to make another attempt to stop and possibly
reverse the loss of biodiversity until 2020, by connecting habitats in the wider landscape. This means that conservation would go
beyond current practices to include landscapes that are dominated by conventional agriculture, where biodiversity conservation
plays a minor role at best. The green infrastructure strategy aims at bottom-up rather than top-down implementation, and suggests
including local and regional stakeholders. Therefore, it is important to know which stakeholders influence land-use decisions
concerning green infrastructure at the local and regional level. The research presented in this paper served to select...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Actor analysis; Common agricultural policy; Coproduction of knowledge; Green infrastructure; Net-Map;
Stakeholder analysis.
Ano: 2016
Historical, Demographic, and Economic Correlates of Land-Use Change in the Republic of Panama
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wright, Stuart Joseph; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; [email protected]; Samaniego, Mirna Julieta; Smithsonian
Tropical Research Institute; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agricultural income; Agriculture; Cattle; Deforestation; Forest transition; Land cover; Pasture; Plantation;
Reforestation; Tropical forest.
Ano: 2008
Education as a Determinant of Response to Cyclone Warnings: Evidence from Coastal Zones in India
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sharma, Upasna; Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India;
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria; [email protected]; Patwardhan, Anand;
Shailesh J. Mehta School of Management, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India; [email protected]; Patt, Anthony G;
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria; [email protected].
Education is often considered a means for enhancing adaptive capacity, based on the consideration that formal education is likely
to improve the ability of individuals to evaluate risks and respond to warning information. We explore the relation between the
level and nature of education and enhanced ability to respond to tropical cyclone risk. We make a distinction between formal
school-based education and nonformal education in the form of traditional knowledge of environmental precursors and conditions
that may be associated with tropical cyclone occurrence. We evaluate two possible routes through which education could lead to
enhanced ability to respond to tropical cyclone risk; first, education, both formal and nonformal, may lead to a better ability...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cyclones; Early warnings; Education; Traditional knowledge base; Warning-response process.
Ano: 2013
The Trade-off Between Housing Density and Sprawl Area: Minimizing Impacts to Carabid Beetles
(Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fahrig, Lenore; ; [email protected].
Increasing housing density has negative effects on native biodiversity. This implies that we should build at low density to
conserve native species. However, for a given human population, low-density development must cover a large area, resulting in
sprawl. A pertinent question is then, at what housing density are the impacts of a given human population on native biodiversity
minimized? We addressed this question with carabid beetles in Ottawa and Gatineau, Canada. First, we collected beetles at 22
sites representing a range of housing densities. We then used these data to estimate beetle abundance and species richness in
hypothetical development scenarios representing the housing density/sprawl area trade-off. Our results suggest that clustering...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Development scenario; Forest fragmentation; Forest taxa; Ground beetle; Housing density; Residential
development; Urban sprawl.
Ano: 2010
Monitoring Current Status of and Trends in Boreal Forest Land Use in Russian Karelia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Burnett, Charles; University of Salzburg; [email protected]; Fall, Andrew; Simon Fraser University;
[email protected]; Tomppo, Erkki; Finnish Forest Research Institute; [email protected]; Kalliola, Risto; University of Turku;
[email protected].
Some of the last remaining near-natural boreal forest landscapes in northern Europe can be found in the Russian Karelia near its
border with Finland. Currently, these forests are facing strong exploitation pressure in the form of extensive clearcuts. Demand for
conservation is also high. We characterize the boreal forest landscape in the region and assess the impacts of past and potential
management actions through a mapping and modeling study that synthesizes methods from landscape ecology, remote sensing,
and simulation modeling. The forests of the study area were mapped using techniques for interpreting multitemporal satellite
images and detecting changes. The species composition and structure of the forests were estimated using the multisource...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Karelia; Russia; Finland; Boreal forest; Conservation policy; Dynamic modeling; Fragmentation; Land use; GIS.
Ano: 2003
The Oak Ridges Moraine as a Social Innovation: Strategic Vision as a Social-Ecological Interaction
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McCarthy, Daniel D. P.; Waterloo Institute for Social Innovation and Resilience and the Department of Environment
and Resource Studies, University of Waterloo; [email protected]; Whitelaw, Graham S.; School of Environmental Studies,
Queens University; [email protected]; Westley, Frances R.; JW McConnell Chair in Social Innovation, Waterloo
Institute for Social Innovation and Resilience; [email protected]; Crandall, Debbe D.; Debbe Day Crandall Save the Oak
Ridges Moraine Coalition; [email protected]; Burnett, David; Manager, Regional and Provincial Policy, Toronto and Region
Conservation; [email protected].
The Oak Ridges Moraine (ORM) case is unique in that it represents a social innovation in Canadian, if not North American,
ecosystem-based land-use planning. A social innovation is an initiative, product, process, or program that profoundly changes the
basic routines, resources, and authority flows or beliefs of any social system. Successful social innovations have durability and
broad impact. We interpret the narrative of the ORM conservation process to explore the utility of an emerging social innovation
conceptual model, the ‘vision as social interaction’ framework using resilience thinking and the role of
vision in social change within complex social-ecological systems. Qualitative data from two interrelated studies of the moraine...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Oak Ridges Moraine; Social-ecological systems; Social innovation; Strategic vision.
Ano: 2014
Assessing Photoinduced Toxicity of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in an Urbanized Estuary
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Vo, M.; South Carolina Department of Natural Resources; [email protected]; Porter, D.E.; University of
South Carolina; [email protected]; Chandler, G.T.; University of South Carolina; [email protected]; Kelsey, H.; University of
South Carolina; [email protected]; Walker, S.P.; University of South Carolina; [email protected]; Jones, B. E.;
University of South Carolina; [email protected].
Increases in contaminants associated with urban sprawl are a particular concern in the rapidly developing coastal areas of the
southeastern United States. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are contaminants associated with vehicle emissions and
runoff from impervious surfaces. Increased vehicular traffic and more impervious surfaces lead to an increased loading of PAHs
into coastal estuarine systems. The phototoxic effect of PAH-contaminated sediments on a sediment-dwelling meiobenthic
copepod, Amphiascus tenuiremis, was estimated in Murrells Inlet, a small, high-salinity estuary with moderate urbanization
located in Georgetown and Horry Counties, South Carolina, USA. Field-determined solar ultraviolet radiation (UV) and UV
extinction coefficients...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Hazard modeling; Photoinduced toxicity; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Spatial modeling; Urbanized
estuary.
Ano: 2004
Institutional Misfits: Law and Habits in Finnish Wolf Policy
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hiedanpää, Juha; Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Grey wolf (Canis lupus); Habits; Institutional fit; Institutions; Policy; Pragmatism.
Ano: 2013
Resilience and adaptability of rice terrace social-ecological systems: a case study of a local
community’s perception in Banaue, Philippines
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Castonguay, Adam C; University of Kiel, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Department of Ecosystem
Management; Monash University, Department of Civil Engineering; [email protected]; Burkhard,
Benjamin; University of Kiel, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Department of Ecosystem Management; Leibniz
Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF); [email protected]; Horgan, Finbarr G; Crop and
Environmental Science Division, International Rice Research Institute; [email protected]; Settele, Josef; UFZ-Helmholtz Centre
for Environmental Research; iDiv, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig; [email protected].
The social-ecological systems of rice terraces across Southeast Asia are the result of centuries of long-term interactions between
human communities and their surrounding ecosystems. Processes and structures in these systems have evolved to provide a
diversity of ecosystem services and benefits to human societies. However, as Southeast Asian countries experience rapid
economic growth and related land-use changes, the remaining extensive rice cultivation systems are increasingly under pressure.
We investigated the long-term development of ecosystem services and the adaptive capacity of the social-ecological system of
rice terrace landscapes using a case study of Banaue (Ifugao Province, Northern-Luzon, Philippines). A set of indicators was used
to describe...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Agroecosystems; Complex adaptive systems; Ecosystem services; Human well-being; Ifugao
Rice Terraces.
Ano: 2016
Achieving good environmental status in the Black Sea: scale mismatches in environmental
management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: O'Higgins, Tim; Scottish Association for Marine Science; Tim.O'[email protected]; Farmer, Andrew; Institute for
European Environmental Policy; [email protected]; Daskalov, Georgi; IBER-BAS;; Knudsen, Stale; University in Bergen;
[email protected]; Mee, Laurence; Scottish Association for Marine Science; [email protected].
The Black Sea has suffered severe environmental degradation. Governance of the Black Sea region is complex and results in a
series of scale mismatches which constrain management. This paper develops a simple classification of spatial scale mismatches
incorporating the driver, pressure, state, welfare, response (DPSWR) framework. The scale mismatch classification is applied
to two major environmental problems of the Black Sea, eutrophication and small pelagic fisheries.
A number of scale
mismatches are described and classified and potential solutions are identified.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Black Sea; Ecosystem approach; Eutrophication; Fisheries; Marine strategy framework directive; Scale
mismatch.
Ano: 2014
Empowering Local People through Community-based Resource Monitoring: a Comparison of Brazil
and Namibia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rostant, Luke; University of the West Indies; [email protected]; Marinelli, Carlos Eduardo; Instituto Socioambiental;
[email protected].
Biological resource monitoring systems are implemented in many countries and often depend on the participation of local people.
It has been suggested that these systems empower local participants while promoting conservation. We reviewed three wildlife
monitoring systems in indigenous lands and sustainable development reserves in Brazilian Amazonia and one in Namibian
Caprivi conservancies, analyzing the strategies adopted and conditions that facilitated local empowerment, as well as potential
impacts on conservation. This provided insights into potential avenues to strengthen empowerment outcomes of monitoring
systems in Latin America and Africa. We assessed four dimensions of empowerment at individual and community scales:
psychological, social,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Acre; Amazô Nas; Caprivi; Community participation; Decentralization; Indigenous people; Protected
area; Wildlife management.
Ano: 2012
Toward a Relational Concept of Uncertainty: about Knowing Too Little, Knowing Too Differently,
and Accepting Not to Know
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dewulf, Art; Public Administration and Policy Group, Wageningen University; [email protected]; Taillieu,
Tharsi; Center for Work, Organizational and Personnel Psychology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven;
[email protected].
Uncertainty of late has become an increasingly important and controversial topic in water resource management, and natural
resources management in general. Diverse managing goals, changing environmental conditions, conflicting interests, and lack of
predictability are some of the characteristics that decision makers have to face. This has resulted in the application and
development of strategies such as adaptive management, which proposes flexibility and capability to adapt to unknown conditions
as a way of dealing with uncertainties. However, this shift in ideas about managing has not always been accompanied by a general
shift in the way uncertainties are understood and handled. To improve this situation, we believe it is necessary to recontextualize...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Ambiguity; Frames; Framing; Knowledge relationship; Multiple knowledge frames;
Natural resource management; Negotiation; Participation; Social learning; Uncertainty; Water management.
Ano: 2008
Coping with persistent environmental problems: systemic delays in reducing eutrophication of the
Baltic Sea
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Varjopuro, Riku; Environmental Policy Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland;
[email protected]; Andrulewicz, Eugeniusz; National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Gdynia, Poland;
[email protected]; Blenckner, Thorsten; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden;
[email protected]; Dolch, Tobias; Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine
Research, Wadden Sea Station Sylt, Germany; [email protected]; Heiskanen, Anna-Stiina; Marine Research Centre, Finnish
Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland; [email protected]; Steiner Brandt, Urs; Department of Environmental
and Business Economics, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; [email protected]; Valman, Matilda; Stockholm Resilience
Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; Baltic Nest Institute, Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; Department of
Political Science, Stockholm University, Sweden ; [email protected]; Gee, Kira; Helmholtz-Zentrum
Geesthacht, Germany; Department of Geography and Planning, University of Liverpool, UK ; [email protected]; Potts, Tavis;
Scottish Association of Marine Science, UK; Department of Geography and Environment, University of Aberdeen, UK;
[email protected]; Psuty, Iwona; National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Gdynia, Poland; [email protected].
In this paper we focus on systemic delays in the Baltic Sea that cause the problem of eutrophication to persist. These problems are
demonstrated in our study by addressing three types of delays: (1) decision delay: the time it takes for an idea or perceived need to
be launched as a policy; (2) implementation delay: the time from the launch of a policy to the actual implementation; (3)
ecosystem delay: the time difference between the implementation and an actual measurable effects. A policy process is one
characterized by delays. It may take years from problem identification to a decision to taking action and several years further for
actual implementation. Ecosystem responses to measures illustrate that feedback can keep the ecosystem in a certain state...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Baltic Sea; Ecosystem delays; Monitoring of implementation.
Ano: 2014
Modeling Regional Dynamics of Human–Rangifer Systems: a Framework for
Comparative Analysis
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Berman, Matthew; University of Alaska Anchorage; [email protected].
Theoretical models of interaction between wild and domestic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus; caribou in North America) can help
explain observed social–ecological dynamics of arctic hunting and husbandry systems. Different modes of hunting
and husbandry incorporate strategies to mitigate effects of differing patterns of environmental uncertainty. Simulations of simple
models of harvested wild and domestic herds with density-dependent recruitment show that random environmental variation
produces cycles and crashes in populations that would quickly stabilize at a steady state with nonrandom parameters. Different
husbandry goals lead to radically different long-term domestic herd sizes. Wild and domestic herds are typically ecological
competitors but...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Caribou hunting; Rangifer tarandus; Reindeer herding; Social– Ecological systems; System models.
Ano: 2013
Contemporary Visions of Progress in Ecology and Thoughts for the Future
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Starzomski, Brian M; University of British Columbia; [email protected]; Cardinale, Bradley J; Department of
Zoology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; [email protected]; Dunne, Jennifer A; Santa Fe Institute;
[email protected]; Hillery, Melinda J; Centre for Ecosystem Management, Edith Cowan University; [email protected];
Holt, Carrie A; School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University; [email protected]; Krawchuk, Meg A;
Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta; [email protected]; Lage, Melissa; Department of Ecology and
Evolutionary Biology, Brown University; [email protected]; McMahon, Sean; Complex Systems Group, Ecology and
Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee; [email protected]; Melnychuk, Michael C; Fisheries Centre, Department of
Zoology, University of British Columbia; [email protected].
Although ecological research is progressing rapidly, the answers to certain key questions continue to elude us. This paper
considers several of the contemporary challenges facing ecology. (1) Terminology is voluminous and often poorly defined,
resulting in inefficient communication. (2) The concept of scale affects our inferences about system structure and function,
requiring us to continue an almost heuristic investigation of breaks, domains, and integration. New tools that more explicitly
incorporate scalar issues will need to be developed for progress to take place in the field of ecology. (3) Increasingly, it is
expected that applied questions will be solved in less than a year. This demand for solutions from ecologists often produces
short-term and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cross-discipline research; Foundations of ecology; Information-sharing database; Scale; Statistics; Terminology.
Ano: 2004
Multiactor Modeling of Settling Decisions and Behavior in the San Mariano Watershed, the
Philippines: a First Application with the MameLuke Framework
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Huigen, Marco G. A.; Leiden University; [email protected]; Overmars, Koen P.; Leiden University;
[email protected]; de Groot, Wouter T.; Leiden University; [email protected].
Land-use system dynamics and demographic dynamics are tightly coupled. In environmental science and studies of changes in
land use and land cover, an unequivocal relationship is sometimes found between both systems, especially in coarse-scale studies.
To obtain a better understanding of these intermingling dynamics, we formulated an agent-based model, the MameLuke
settlement model, that used a deductive approach to investigate these relationships. The model was constructed based on
ethnographic histories of farm households in San Mariano, the Philippines. The model was calibrated visually. Although this
calibration approach proved to be very inefficient, the model itself still outperformed a random model. The model formulation
process and the model...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Actor decision-making; Agent-based models; Ethnic distribution; Ethnographic history; Land-use dynamics;
Mameluke framework; Philippines; Population dynamics.
Ano: 2006
The Managed Recession of Lake Okeechobee, Florida: Integrating Science and Natural Resource
Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Steinman, Alan; Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University; [email protected]; Havens, Karl;
South Florida Water Management District; [email protected]; Hornung, Lewis; South Florida Water Management District;
[email protected].
Resource management decisions often are based on a combination of scientific and political factors. The interaction of science and
politics is not always apparent, which makes the decision-making process appear arbitrary at times. In this paper, we present a
case study involving Lake Okeechobee, a key environmental resource in South Florida, USA, to illustrate the role that science
played in a high-profile, highly contentious natural resource management decision. At issue was whether or not to lower the water
level of Lake Okeechobee. Although scientists believed that a managed recession (drawdown) of water level would benefit the
lake ecosystem, risks were present because of possible future water shortages and potential environmental impacts to
downstream...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Aquatic resource management; Environmental management; Lake Okeechobee; Lake restoration; Light and
aquatic plants; Restoration ecology; Role of science in management; Submerged aquatic vegetation; Water supply vs. ecological
health.
Ano: 2002
Measuring the dimensions of adaptive capacity: a psychometric approach
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lockwood, Michael; Geography and Spatial Sciences, School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania;
[email protected]; Raymond, Christopher M.; Geography and Spatial Sciences, School of Land and Food,
University of Tasmania; Centre for Regulation and Market Analysis and Barbara Hardy Institute, University of South Australia;
Enviroconnect; [email protected]; Oczkowski, Eddie; School of Accounting and Finance, Charles Sturt
University; [email protected]; Morrison, Mark; School of Management and Marketing, Charles Sturt University;
[email protected].
Although previous studies have examined adaptive capacity using a range of self-assessment procedures, no objective self-report
approaches have been used to identify the dimensions of adaptive capacity and their relative importance. We examine the content,
structure, and relative importance of dimensions of adaptive capacity as perceived by rural landholders in an agricultural
landscape in South-Eastern Australia. Our findings indicate that the most important dimensions influencing perceived landholder
adaptive capacity are related to their management style, particularly their change orientation. Other important dimensions are
individual financial capacity, labor availability, and the capacity of communities and local networks to support...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Psychometric scales; Rural landholders; Structural equation modelling.
Ano: 2015
Strengthening threatened communities through adaptation: insights from coastal Mozambique
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Blythe, Jessica L.; University of Victoria; [email protected]; Murray, Grant; Vancouver Island University;
[email protected]; Flaherty, Mark; University of Victoria; [email protected].
Change is a defining characteristic of coastal social-ecological systems, yet the magnitude and speed of contemporary change is
challenging the adaptive capacity of even the most robust coastal communities. In the context of multiple drivers of change, it
has become increasingly important to identify how threatened communities adapt to livelihood stressors. We investigate how
adaptation is negotiated in two coastal fishing communities by documenting livelihood stressors, household assets, adaptive
strategies, and factors that facilitate or inhibit adaptation. Declining catch is the most common stressor being experienced in both
communities, however, socioeconomic, e.g., disease or theft, and ecological, e.g., severe storms and drought, changes are also...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Africa; Diversification; Intensification; Livelihoods; Small-scale fisheries.
Ano: 2014
Changing times, changing stories: generational differences in climate change perspectives from four
remote indigenous communities in Subarctic Alaska
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Herman-Mercer, Nicole M; National Research Program, U.S. Geological Survey; [email protected]; Matkin, Elli;
University of Montana; [email protected]; Laituri, Melinda J; Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State
University; Geospatial Centroid, Colorado State University; [email protected]; Toohey, Ryan C; Alaska Science
Center, U.S. Geological Survey; Alaska Climate Science Center; [email protected]; Massey, Maggie; Science Department,
Yukon River Inter-Tribal Watershed Council; [email protected]; Elder, Kelly; Rocky Mountain Research Station,
U.S. Forest Service; [email protected]; Schuster, Paul F.; National Research Program, U.S. Geological Survey;
[email protected]; Mutter, Edda A.; Science Department, Yukon River Inter-Tribal Watershed Council; [email protected].
Indigenous Arctic and Subarctic communities currently are facing a myriad of social and environmental changes. In response to
these changes, studies concerning indigenous knowledge (IK) and climate change vulnerability, resiliency, and adaptation have
increased dramatically in recent years. Risks to lives and livelihoods are often the focus of adaptation research; however, the
cultural dimensions of climate change are equally important because cultural dimensions inform perceptions of risk.
Furthermore, many Arctic and Subarctic IK climate change studies document observations of change and knowledge of the elders
and older generations in a community, but few include the perspectives of the younger population. These observations by elders
and older...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Alaska; Climate change; Indigenous knowledge; Observation; Perception; Yukon River Basin.
Ano: 2016
Asking the Right Question
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Duke, Clifford; The Environmental Company, Inc.; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1999
Viability and Risk Assessment in Species Restoration: Planning Reintroductions for the Wild Boar, a
Potential Disease Reservoir
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie; UFZ Centre for Environmental Research; [email protected]; Thulke,
Hans-Hermann; UFZ Centre for Environmental Research; [email protected].
The reintroduction of large mammals is often considered a priority conservation action in highly industrialized countries in which
many of these species have been depleted. However, species reintroduction after decades of absence may involve important risks
for human activities and ecological communities, such as favoring the spread of diseases. An example of a potentially troublesome
reintroduction is the wild boar, which may act as a reservoir of diseases, e.g., classical swine fever, and cause high economic
losses, and has become a species of concern in several European countries for both ecological and recreational reasons. Failure to
prevent the disease consequences of species restoration can negate its conservation benefits. Here we evaluated the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Introduced species; Risk assessment; Rule-based habitat models; Spatially explicit population
models; Species reintroduction; Sus scrofa; Wildlife diseases.
Ano: 2006
Certifying the commons: eco-certification, privatization, and collective action
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Foley, Paul; Environmental Policy Institute, Memorial University, Grenfell Campus; [email protected]; McCay,
Bonnie; Department of Human Ecology, Rutgers the State University; [email protected].
We examine new dynamics of privatization and collective action in common pool resource situations facilitated by the nonstate
multistakeholder institutions of the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC), the global leader in sustainability certification for wild
caught seafood. Through a review of the literature and two case studies of fishing cooperatives in Baja California Sur, Mexico and
on Fogo Island in the Canadian Province of Newfoundland and Labrador (NL), we advance two interrelated arguments. First,
certification and eco-labeling institutions privatize fisheries governance in largely unexamined ways through the injection of new
forms of exclusive rights or privileges into common pool resource situations already complicated by access and property...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Baja California Sur Mexico; Collective action; Common pool resources; Commons; Community-based
fisheries; Cooperatives; Environmental certification; Environmental governance; Fisheries; Fogo Island Newfoundland and
Labrador Canada; Governance; Marine Stewardship Council; MSC; Northern shrimp; Privatization; Property rights; Spiny
lobster; Sustainable.
Ano: 2014
The "Yellow Pages of Life": On-line Catalogue of World Biodiversity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Davic, Robert D; Ohio Environmental Protection Agency; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2000
Indigenous Māori values and perspectives to inform freshwater management in
Aotearoa-New Zealand
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Harmsworth, Garth; Tribal: Te Arawa, Ngāti Tūwharetoa, Ngāti Raukawa; Landcare
Research; [email protected]; Awatere, Shaun; Tribal: Ngāti Porou; Landcare Research;
[email protected]; Robb, Mahuru; Tribal: Ngāti Awa, Ngāti Ranginui; Landcare
Research; [email protected].
In response to widespread water quality and quantity issues, the New Zealand Government has recently embarked on a number of
comprehensive freshwater management reforms, developing a raft of national discussion and policy documents such as
“Freshwater Reform 2013 and Beyond” and a National Policy Statement for freshwater management
(NPS-FM 2014). Recent resource management reforms and amendments (RMA 2014), based on previous overarching resource
management legislation (RMA 1991), set out a new approach and pathway to manage freshwater nationwide. Internationally,
there is an increasing trend to engage with indigenous communities for research and collaboration, including indigenous groups as
active participants in resource management...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cogovernance; Collaboration; Comanagement; Coplanning; Cultural monitoring; Cultural values; Indigenous
Mā Ori; Mā Ori knowledge; Mā Tauranga Mā Ori; Resource management.
Ano: 2016
The impact of water quality changes on the socio-economic system of the Guadiana Estuary: an
assessment of management options
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sousa, Carlos; Centre for Marine and Environmental Research - CIMA; [email protected]; Boski, Tomasz; Centre for
Marine and Environmental Research - CIMA; [email protected]; Ponce Dentinho, Tomaz; Office for Sustainable Regional
Developement - GDRS; [email protected].
Tourism related to bathing has a growing economic importance in the Guadiana Estuary in southern Spain and Portugal. Polls of
local public opinion showed an awareness of potential and current threats to the aquatic environment posed by regulation of river
flow and untreated/poorly-treated urban sewage discharge. Because of this strong concern for water quality, it was selected as
the policy issue for our application of the Systems Approach Framework (SAF). We developed an integrated simulation model of
the Guadiana estuarine system in which the ecological system and socioeconomic components are linked by means of beach
eco-label (Blue Flag Award) through its dependence on fecal bacterial thresholds. We quantified the socioeconomic impacts of
water quality...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Blue flag award; Cost-benefit analysis; Economic base model; Guadiana estuary; Systems approach; Tourism;
Water quality.
Ano: 2012
Markets Drive the Specialization Strategies of Forest Peoples
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Belcher, Brian; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); [email protected]; Achdiawan, Ramadhani;
Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); [email protected]; Alexiades, Miguel; University of Kent at
Canterbury; [email protected]; Campbell, Bruce; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); [email protected];
Cunningham, Tony; World Wildlife Fund/UNESCO/Kew People and Plants Initiative; [email protected]; Fantini,
Alfredo; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; [email protected]; Gautam, Krishna H; Hokkaido University;
[email protected]; de Jong, Wil; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); [email protected]; Kusters, Koen;
Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); [email protected]; Kutty, M. Govindan; Sylva conS;
[email protected]; Fu, Maoyi; Chinese Academy of Forestry; [email protected]; Nair, T.K. Raghavan; Sylva conS;
[email protected]; Ndoye, Ousseynou; CIFOR-Cameroon; [email protected]; Ocampo, Rafael; ; [email protected]; Rai,
Nitin; ; [email protected]; Schreckenberg, Kate; Overseas Development Institute; [email protected]; Shackleton,
Sheona; Rhodes University; [email protected]; Shanley, Patricia; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR);
[email protected]; Sunderland, Terry; African Rattan Research Programme; [email protected]; Youn, Yeo-Chang; Seoul
National University; [email protected].
Engagement in the market changes the opportunities and strategies of forest-related peoples. Efforts to support rural development
need to better understand the potential importance of markets and the way people respond to them. To this end, we compared 61
case studies of the commercial production and trade of nontimber forest products from Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The
results show that product use is shaped by local markets and institutions, resource abundance, and the relative level of
development. Larger regional patterns are also important. High-value products tend to be managed intensively by specialized
producers and yield substantially higher incomes than those generated by the less specialized producers of less managed,
low-value products....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Commercialization; Forest use; Market development; Nontimber forest products; Poverty; Resource
management; Specialization.
Ano: 2004
Incentive Systems That Support Sustainability: A First Nations Example
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Trosper, Ronald L; Northern Arizona University; [email protected].
Prior to contact with European settlers, the incentive and governance systems used by First Nations peoples of the Northwest coast
of North America provided more sustainable use of the fisheries and other resources of that region than did subsequent systems.
This paper explores the major reason for that success: the requirements of the potlatch system that chiefs share their income with
each other. Because chiefs controlled well-defined territories and subjected each other to review, the potlatch governance system
embodied the characteristics of negative feedback, coordination, resiliency, and robustness that political scientist John Dryzek
identifies as means to support ecological rationality in the management of ecosystems. This ecological rationality...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Incentive systems; Ecological rationality; Ecosystem management; Sustainability; Potlatch; First Nations;
American Indians; Common-pool resource; Northwest Coast fishery; Property rights; Watershed ecosystem.
Ano: 1998
Can Law Foster Social-Ecological Resilience?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Garmestani, Ahjond S.; Environmental Protection Agency, USA; [email protected]; Allen, Craig R.; U.S.
Geological Survey - Nebraska Cooperative Fish & Wildlife Research Unit, School of Natural Resources, University of
Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA. ; [email protected]; Benson, Melinda H.; Department of Geography and Environmental Studies,
University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Adaptive management; Law; Social-ecological resilience.
Ano: 2013
From coastal timber supply area to Great Bear Rainforest: exploring power in a
social–ecological governance innovation.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Moore, Michele-Lee; University of Victoria; [email protected]; Tjornbo, Ola; SiG@Waterloo, University of Waterloo;
[email protected].
As the 2005 Millennium Ecosystem Assessment revealed, many social–ecological systems around the world are
currently being governed unsustainably. Consequently, social innovation is needed to transform current governance regimes and
introduce new more resilient arrangements. Although dominant institutions and social groups may resist such innovations which
threaten the status quo and their interests, groups on the margins of the established social order can often trigger governance
transformations, despite a lack of conventional financial and institutional resources. In particular, there are numerous cases of
marginalized groups initiating processes of radical change to establish sustainable governance practices for threatened...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Governance transformation; Great Bear Rainforest; Power; Social innovation.
Ano: 2012
Synchronized peak-rate years of global resources use
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Seppelt, Ralf; UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Computational Landscape Ecology;
iDiv - German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research; Institute of Geoscience & Geography, Martin-Luther-University
Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany; [email protected]; Manceur, Ameur M.; UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental
Research, Department Computational Landscape Ecology; UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department
Community Ecology; [email protected]; Liu, Jianguo; Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State
University; [email protected]; Fenichel, Eli P.; Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University;
[email protected]; Klotz, Stefan; UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Community Ecology;
iDiv - German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research; [email protected].
Many separate studies have estimated the year of peak, or maximum, rate of using an individual resource such as oil. However, no
study has estimated the year of peak rate for multiple resources and investigated the relationships among them. We exploit time
series on the appropriation of 27 global renewable and nonrenewable resources. We found 21 resources experienced a peak-rate
year, and for 20 resources the peak-rate years occurred between 1960-2010, a narrow time window in the long human history.
Whereas 4 of 7 nonrenewable resources show no peak-rate year, conversion to cropland and 18 of the 20 renewable resources
have passed their peak rate of appropriation. To test the hypothesis that peak-rate years are synchronized, i.e., occur at
approximately...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Limits to growth; Peak-rate year; Synchrony.
Ano: 2014
From Resilience to Transformation: the Adaptive Cycle in Two Mexican Urban Centers
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pelling, Mark; King's College London; [email protected]; Manuel-Navarrete, David; King's College London;
[email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive cycle; Climate change; Disaster management; Mexico; Power; Resilience; Transformation.
Ano: 2011
Balancing Ecosystem Services and Disservices: Smallholder Farmers’ Use and
Management of Forest and Trees in an Agricultural Landscape in Southwestern Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ango, Tola Gemechu; Department of Human Geography, Stockholm University; [email protected];
Senbeta, Feyera; Center for Environment and Development Studies, College of Development Studies, Addis Ababa University ;
[email protected]; Hylander, Kristoffer; Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University;
[email protected].
Farmers’ practices in the management of agricultural landscapes influence biodiversity with implications for
livelihoods, ecosystem service provision, and biodiversity conservation. In this study, we examined how smallholding farmers in
an agriculture-forest mosaic landscape in southwestern Ethiopia manage trees and forests with regard to a few selected ecosystem
services and disservices that they highlighted as “beneficial” or “problematic.”
Qualitative and quantitative data were collected from six villages, located both near and far from forest, using participatory field
mapping and semistructured interviews, tree species inventory, focus group discussions, and observation. The study showed that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agricultural landscape; Biodiversity; Ecosystem services and disservices; Ethiopia; Farmer practices; Forest;
Gera; Trees.
Ano: 2014
Cultural Foundations for Ecological Restoration on the White Mountain Apache Reservation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Long, Jonathan; ; [email protected]; Tecle, Aregai; Northern Arizona University; [email protected];
Burnette, Benrita; ; [email protected].
Myths, metaphors, and social norms that facilitate collective action and understanding of restoration dynamics serve as
foundations for ecological restoration. The experience of the White Mountain Apache Tribe demonstrates how such cultural
foundations can permeate and motivate ecological restoration efforts. Through interviews with tribal cultural advisors and
restoration practitioners, we examined how various traditions inform their understanding of restoration processes. Creation stories
reveal the time-honored importance and functions of water bodies within the landscape, while place names yield insights into their
historical and present conditions. Traditional healing principles and agricultural traditions help guide modern restoration
techniques. A...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecological restoration; Riparian; Traditional ecological knowledge; Wetland.
Ano: 2003
Is Validation of Indigenous Ecological Knowledge a Disrespectful Process? A Case Study of
Traditional Fishing Poisons and Invasive Fish Management from the Wet Tropics, Australia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gratani, Monica; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University; [email protected];
Butler, James R. A. ; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, EcoSciences Precinct ; [email protected]; Royee, Frank; Malanbarra
Yidinji Elder;; Valentine, Peter; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University;; Burrows, Damien;
Australian Centre for Tropical Freshwater Research, James Cook University;; Canendo, Warren I.; CSIRO Sustainable
Ecosystems and Sustainable Agriculture Flagship, ATFI;; Anderson, Alex S; Centre for Tropical Biodiversity and Climate
Change, School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Comanagement; Fishing poisons; Indigenous ecological knowledge; Invasive fish; Knowledge socialization;
Livelihoods; Poisonous plants; Social-ecological systems: tilapia; Traditional ecological knowledge; Validation.
Ano: 2011
Do the Principles of Ecological Restoration Cover EU LIFE Nature Cofunded Projects in Denmark?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Morsing, Jonas; Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen;
[email protected]; Frandsen, Sally Ida; Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of
Copenhagen;; Vejre, Henrik; Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen;
[email protected]; Raulund-Rasmussen, Karsten; Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of
Copenhagen; [email protected].
Ecological restoration is becoming a main component in nature management; hence, its definitions and interpretations of the
underlying principles are widely discussed. In Denmark, restoration has been implemented for decades, and the LIFE Nature
program has contributed to several large-scale projects. Our aim was to indicate tendencies in Danish nature policy by analyzing a
representative sample of nature management projects. Using qualitative document analyses of official reports, we investigated
how well 13 LIFE Nature cofinanced projects undertaken in Denmark fit with the principles of ecological restoration, as
formulated in the nine attributes of the Society for Ecological Restoration’s Primer on Ecological Restoration, and
based on the five...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Benchmark; Ecological restoration; Human impact; LIFE Nature; Natura 2000; Nature policy; Semicultural
landscapes; SER attributes.
Ano: 2013
An Empirical Analysis of Stakeholders’ Influence on Policy Development: the Role of
Uncertainty Handling
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bijlsma, Rianne M.; University of Twente, The Netherlands; Deltares, The Netherlands;
[email protected]; Bots, Pieter W. G.; Cemagref (UMR G-EAU); University of Delft, The Netherlands;
[email protected]; Wolters, Henk A.; Deltares, The Netherlands; [email protected]; Hoekstra, Arjen Y.; University of
Twente, The Netherlands; [email protected].
Stakeholder participation is advocated widely, but there is little structured, empirical research into its influence on policy
development. We aim to further the insight into the characteristics of participatory policy development by comparing it to
expert-based policy development for the same case. We describe the process of problem framing and analysis, as well as the
knowledge base used. We apply an uncertainty perspective to reveal differences between the approaches and speculate about
possible explanations. We view policy development as a continuous handling of substantive uncertainty and process uncertainty,
and investigate how the methods of handling uncertainty of actors influence the policy development. Our findings suggest that the
wider frame...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Environmental policy; Framing; Participation; Policy development; Policy process; Stakeholder involvement;
Uncertainty.
Ano: 2011
Social Capital and Social-Ecological Resilience in the Asteroussia Mountains, Southern Crete, Greece
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kizos, Thanasis; Department of Geography, University of the Aegean; [email protected]; Detsis, Vassilis; Department
of Home Economics & Ecology, Harokopio University;; Iosifides, Theodoros; Department of Geography, University of the
Aegean;; Metaxakis, Minas; Department of Geography, University of the Aegean;.
Social-ecological resilience (SER) expresses the capacity of a social-ecological system to adapt and transform. We investigated
the ways in which different types and transformations of social capital influence the SER of a region. The study area, the
Asteroussia Mountains in southern Crete, Greece, is a typical semiarid hilly/mountainous area of the eastern Mediterranean in
which land degradation is one of the most important issues in land management, mostly related to overgrazing because of the
growing size of the flocks of sheep and goats. The approach followed was qualitative, with in-depth interviews with a small
number of key stakeholders in the area. The findings indicate many important changes in the area in terms of its production,
economy, and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Crete; Greece; Land degradation and desertification; Social-ecological resilience; Social-ecological system.
Ano: 2014
Transformation of resource management institutions under globalization: the case of songgye
community forests in South Korea.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Yu, David J.; School of Sustainability, Arizona State University; Center for the Study of Institutional Diversity,
Arizona State University; [email protected]; Anderies, John M.; Center for the Study of Institutional Diversity, Arizona State
University; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University; School of Sustainability, Arizona State
University; [email protected]; Lee, Dowon; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University;
[email protected]; Perez, Irene; Center for the Study of Institutional Diversity, Arizona State University; [email protected].
The context in which many self-governed commons systems operate will likely be significantly altered as globalization processes
play out over the next few decades. Such dramatic changes will induce some systems to fail and subsequently to be transformed,
rather than merely adapt. Despite this possibility, research on globalization-induced transformations of social-ecological systems
(SESs) is still underdeveloped. We seek to help fill this gap by exploring some patterns of transformation in SESs and the question
of what factors help explain the persistence of cooperation in the use of common-pool resources through transformative change.
Through the analysis of 89 forest commons in South Korea that experienced such transformations, we found that there are...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Community-based forest management; Forest commons; Multilevel governance; Nested
enterprise; Network diversity; Robustness; Robustness trade-offs; Social-ecological systems; Songgye; Transformative capacity of
social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2014
Getting the "Policy Implications" into Policy
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Robinson, George; University at Albany, State University of New York; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2000
Integrating Conservation and Development in the Peruvian Amazon
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kilbane Gockel, Catherine; University of Washington; Environmental Studies Institute, Santa Clara University;
[email protected]; Gray, Leslie C.; Environmental Studies Institute, Santa Clara University; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Amazonia; Community-based natural resource management; Integrated conservation and development;
Ribereñ Os; Tropical-forest conservation.
Ano: 2009
Temporal constraints on ecosystem management: definitions and examples from
Europe’s regional seas
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: O'Higgins, Tim; Scottish Association for Marine Science; Tim.O\\\'[email protected]; Cooper, Philip; School of
Management, University of Bath; [email protected]; Roth, Eva; Southern Denmark University; [email protected]; Newton,
Alice; Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU); [email protected]; Farmer, Andrew; Institute for European Environmental
Policy; [email protected]; Goulding, Ian C; Megapesca Lda.; [email protected]; Tett, Paul; Scottish Association for Marine
Science; [email protected].
Our ability to meet environmental targets is often constrained by processes and events that occur over long timescales and which
may not be considered during the planning process. We illustrate with examples and define three major types of temporal scale
phenomena of relevance to marine managers: Memory and Future Effects (jointly called Legacy Effects) and Committed
Behaviors. We examine the role of these effects in achieving marine environmental targets in Europe under the Marine Strategy
Framework Directive and the implications for future management, indicating the increased importance that these temporal
phenomena give to reducing future pressures.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Ecosystem approach; Marine Strategy Framework Directive; Temporal scales.
Ano: 2014
Social organization influences the exchange and species richness of medicinal plants in Amazonian
homegardens
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Howard, Patricia L.; Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University; Centre for Biocultural Diversity Studies,
University of Kent; [email protected].
Medicinal plants provide indigenous and peasant communities worldwide with means to meet their healthcare needs.
Homegardens often act as medicine cabinets, providing easily accessible medicinal plants for household needs. Social structure
and social exchanges have been proposed as factors influencing the species diversity that people maintain in their homegardens.
Here, we assess the association between the exchange of medicinal knowledge and plant material and medicinal plant richness in
homegardens. Using Tsimane’ Amazonian homegardens as a case study, we explore whether social organization
shapes exchanges of medicinal plant knowledge and medicinal plant material. We also use network centrality measures to
evaluate people’s location...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Exchange networks; Gender; Plant diversity; Social networks analysis; Tropical homegardens;
Tsimane&#8217.
Ano: 2016
An HTML-based Concept Model of the Dry Savanna Woodland Ecosystem for Teaching and
Learning
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Graz, Friedrich Patrick; Polytechnic of Namibia; [email protected].
This article introduces a web-based conceptual model of vegetation to facilitate an easy understanding of the processes that govern
the development of dry savanna woodlands. The model is based on a simple table structure that can be interpreted by most web
browsers, making it easily accessible. This latter consideration is important because thetelecommunication link to most of the
outlying areas in Namibia is weak. The model may be accessed by community-based natural resource managers to provide an
overview of the complexity of the savanna woodland system.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003
Comanagement of clams in Brazil: a framework to advance comparison
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rocha, Ligia M.; Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Graduate Program in Ecology; [email protected];
Pinkerton, Evelyn; Simon Fraser University, School of Resource and Environmental Management; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Artisanal fisheries; Clams; Comanagement; Fisherwomen; Marine protected areas; Shell fisheries.
Ano: 2015
Heterogeneity in Ethnoecological Knowledge and Management of Medicinal Plants in the Himalayas
of Nepal: Implications for Conservation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ghimire, Suresh Kumar; Tribhuvan University; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Ethnoecology; Himalaya; Medicinal plants.
Ano: 2004
New Methodologies for Interdisciplinary Research and Action in an Urban Ecosystem in Chicago
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wali, Alaka; Center for Cultural Understanding and Change, The Field Museum; [email protected]; Darlow,
Gillian; Center for Cultural Understanding and Change, The Field Museum; [email protected]; Fialkowski, Carol;
Center for Cultural Understanding and Change, The Field Museum; [email protected]; Tudor, Madeleine; Center for
Cultural Understanding and Change, The Field Museum; [email protected]; del Campo, Hilary; Center for Cultural
Understanding and Change, The Field Museum; [email protected]; Stotz, Douglas; Center for Cultural Understanding
and Change, The Field Museum; [email protected].
This article synthesizes recent work carried out at The Field Museum that applies an ecosystems approach to ecological and
anthropological research, conservation planning, and environmental action. This work is part of an effort to protect biological
diversity in the Lake Calumet region of metropolitan Chicago. The need for an ecosystems approach to urban areas, particularly in
relation to conservation efforts, is discussed. Reviewing the problems of alternative, non-systemic perspectives in both research
and policy toward urban problems, the article describes how the efforts of Field Museum scientists and educators integrate
interdisciplinary research into a conservation and information design process.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Chicago; Conservation Design; Integrative Research; Lake Calumet; Urban ecosystem.
Ano: 2003
Biophysical and sociocultural factors underlying spatial trade-offs of ecosystem services in semiarid
watersheds
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Harrison, Paula A; Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford; [email protected]; Berry, Pam;
Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford; [email protected].
Biophysical and social systems are linked to form social-ecological systems whose sustainability depends on their capacity to
absorb uncertainty and cope with disturbances. In this study, we explored the key biophysical and socio-cultural factors
underlying ecosystem service supply in two semiarid watersheds of southern Spain. These included variables associated with the
role that freshwater flows and biodiversity play in securing the system’s capacity to sustain essential ecosystem
services and their relationship with social demand for services, local water governance, and land-use intensification. Our results
reveal the importance of considering the invisible dimensions of water and biodiversity, i.e. green freshwater flows and
trait-based...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Demand; Freshwater flow; Interaction; Irrigation community; Land-use intensification; Social-ecological
system; Social preference; Spatial pattern; Trait-based indicator.
Ano: 2015
A diagnostic procedure for applying the social-ecological systems framework in diverse cases
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hinkel, Jochen; Global Climate Forum (GCF), Berlin, Germany; [email protected]; Cox, Michael E.;
Environmental Studies Program, Dartmouth College, New Hampshire; [email protected]; Binder, Claudia R.;
University of Munich, Germany; [email protected]; Falk, Thomas; University of Marburg, Germany;
[email protected].
The framework for analyzing sustainability of social-ecological systems (SES) framework of Elinor Ostrom is a multitier
collection of concepts and variables that have proven to be relevant for understanding outcomes in diverse SES. The first tier of
this framework includes the concepts resource system (RS) and resource units (RU), which are then further characterized through
lower tier variables such as clarity of system boundaries and mobility. The long-term goal of framework development is to derive
conclusions about which combinations of variables explain outcomes across diverse types of SES. This will only be possible if the
concepts and variables of the framework can be made operational unambiguously for the different types of SES, which,
however,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Common-pool resource; Commons; Complex commons; Public good; Resource system; Resource unit; SES;
Social-ecological system; Social-ecological system framework; Sustainability.
Ano: 2015
Community perceptions of collaborative processes for managing freshwater resources
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sinner, Jim; Cawthron Institute; [email protected]; Brown, Philip; Landcare Research;
[email protected]; Newton, Mark; Cawthron Institute; [email protected].
Six of New Zealand’s 16 regional councils are trialling collaborative planning as a means of addressing complex
challenges in freshwater management. Although some work has been undertaken to evaluate similarities and differences across
those processes, the success or failure rests with the public’s acceptance of the processes and their outcomes. This is
the first study to evaluate public perceptions of freshwater management in regions with collaborative processes. We surveyed
450 respondents in Hawke’s Bay, Northland, and Waikato, some of whom live in catchments in which collaborative
processes are under way and some of whom do not. In addition to assessing awareness of the collaborative planning processes, the
survey...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Environment; Local government; Natural resources; New Zealand; Public perceptions.
Ano: 2016
Meanings, drivers, and motivations for community-based conservation in Latin America
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schunko, Christoph; Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Life
Sciences (BOKU); [email protected]; Corbera, Esteve; Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA),
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Department of Economics and Economic History, Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona; [email protected].
Indigenous and rural communities have developed strategies aimed at supporting their livelihoods and protecting biodiversity.
Motivational factors underlying these local conservation strategies, however, are still a largely neglected topic. We aimed to
enrich the conceptualization of community-based conservation by exploring trigger events and motivations that induce local
people to be engaged in practical institutional arrangements for successful natural resource management and biodiversity
conservation. By examining the history and development of three community conservation initiatives in Brazil, Mexico, and
Bolivia, we have illustrated and discussed two main ways of understanding community-based conservation from the interaction
between extrinsic and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Commons; Governance; Latin America; Protected areas.
Ano: 2015
Disturbance, Response, and Persistence in Self-Organized Forested Communities:
Robustness and Resilience in Five Communities in Southern Indiana
Analysis of
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fleischman, Forrest D.; Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, School of Public and Environmental Affairs,
Indiana University; [email protected]; Boenning, Kinga; Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe
(IAMO); [email protected]; Garcia-Lopez, Gustavo A; Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, School of
Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University; [email protected]; Mincey, Sarah; Center for the Study of Institutions,
Population, and Environmental Change, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University; [email protected];
Schmitt-Harsh, Mikaela; Center for the Study of Institutions, Population, and Environmental Change, School of Public and
Environmental Affairs, Indiana University; [email protected]; Lopez, Maria Claudia; Facultad de Estudios Ambientales y
Rurales, Universidad Javeriana; [email protected]; Basurto, Xavier; Duke University Marine Laboratory, Nicholas
School of the Environment, Duke University; [email protected]; Fischer, Burney; Workshop in Political Theory and
Policy Analysis, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University; [email protected]; Ostrom, Elinor;
Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University;
[email protected].
We develop an analytic framework for the analysis of robustness in social-ecological systems (SESs) over time. We argue that
social robustness is affected by the disturbances that communities face and the way they respond to them. Using Ostrom's
ontological framework for SESs, we classify the major factors influencing the disturbances and responses faced by five Indiana
intentional communities over a 15-year time frame. Our empirical results indicate that operational and collective-choice rules,
leadership and entrepreneurship, monitoring and sanctioning, economic values, number of users, and norms/social capital are key
variables that need to be at the core of future theoretical work on robustness of self-organized systems.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Disturbance; Intentional communities; Response; Robustness; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2010
Nitrogen Source Apportionment for the Catchment, Estuary, and Adjacent Coastal Waters of the
River Scheldt
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Vermaat, Jan E; Earth Sciences and Economics, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University; [email protected];
Broekx, Steven; Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO); [email protected]; Van Eck, Bert; Deltares;
[email protected]; Engelen, Guy; Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO); [email protected]; Hellmann,
Fritz; Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University; [email protected]; De Kok, Jean Luc; Flemish Institute for
Technological Research (VITO); [email protected]; Van der Kwast, Hans; Flemish Institute for Technological Research
(VITO); [email protected]; Maes, Joachim; Joint Research Centre-European Commission;
[email protected]; Salomons, Wim; Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University;
[email protected]; Van Deursen, Willem; PCRaster; [email protected].
Using the systems approach framework (SAF), a coupled model suite was developed for simulating land-use decision making in
response to nutrient abatement costs and water and nutrient fluxes in the hydrological network of the Scheldt River, and nutrient
fluxes in the estuary and adjacent coastal sea. The purpose was to assess the efficiency of different long-term water quality
improvement measures in current and future climate and societal settings, targeting nitrogen (N) load reduction. The
spatial-dynamic model suite consists of two dynamically linked modules: PCRaster is used for the drainage network and is
combined with ExtendSim modules for farming decision making and estuarine N dispersal. Model predictions of annual mean
flow and total N...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Catchment hydrology; Coupled modeling; Estuary; Eutrophication; Land use; Systems analysis; Watershed
nutrient loading.
Ano: 2012
Commentary on Gordon Baskerville's Perspective
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gallopin, Gilberto C; Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Environment and Human S;
[email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1997
Trade-offs among forest value components in community forests of southwestern Amazonia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Alverga, Paula; Universidade Federal do Acre, Brazil;; Barnes, Grenville; School of Forest Resources and Conservation,
University of Florida, USA; [email protected]; Brasil da Silva, Izaias; Universidade Federal do Acre, Brazil;; Castro, Wendeson;
Universidade Federal do Acre, Brazil;; de Souza Moll, Iracema; Universidade Federal do Acre, Brazil;; Medeiros, Herison;
Universidade Federal do Acre, Brazil; [email protected]; Murphy, Skya; Department of Biology, University of
Florida, USA;; Rockwell, Cara A.; School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, USA;
[email protected]; Shenkin, Alexander; School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, USA;
Department of Biology, University of Florida, USA; [email protected]; Silveira, Marcos; Universidade Federal do Acre, Brazil;;
Southworth, Jane; Department of Geography and Land Use and Environmental Change Institute, University of Florida, USA;
[email protected]; Perz, Stephen; Department of Sociology and Criminology & Law, University of Florida, USA;
[email protected].
Contemporary conservation interventions must balance potential trade-offs between multiple ecosystem services. In tropical
forests, much attention has focused on the extent to which carbon-based conservation provided by REDD+ policies can also
mitigate biodiversity conservation. In the nearly one-third of tropical forests that are community owned or managed, conservation
strategies must also balance the multiple uses of forest products that support local livelihoods. Although much discussion has
focused on policy options, little empirical evidence exists to evaluate the potential for trade-offs among different tropical forest
value components.
We assessed multiple components of forest value, including tree diversity, carbon stocks, and both timber
and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Aç Ai; Biodiversity conservation; Brazil nut; Carbon stocks; Livelihood; NTFP; REDD; Rubber;
Timber; Tropical rainforest.
Ano: 2014
Voluntary disclosure of contributions: an experimental study on nonmandatory approaches for
improving public good provision
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kreitmair, Ursula W.; Indiana University; [email protected].
There has been an increasing interest in nonpecuniary measures to encourage prosocial behavior. Among these is the use of social
comparison, or social information. Although successful in promoting, for instance, greater resource conservation, studies of this
measure have so far relied on the assumption of the availability of social information. In situations in which information is costly
to collect and disseminate, alternative mechanisms must be considered. This study explores the use of voluntary disclosure to
provide social information in a linear public goods game in a lab experiment. It finds that individuals tend to disclose their
contribution information when given the option, suggesting that voluntarily disclosed social information remains a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Behavioral information; Cooperation; Experiment; Public goods; Social comparison; Social information; Social
norms; Voluntary disclosure.
Ano: 2015
Adaptive management in crop pest control in the face of climate variability: an agent-based modeling
approach
Provedor de dados: 7
Climate changes are occurring rapidly at both regional and global scales. Farmers are faced with the challenge of developing new
agricultural practices to help them to cope with unpredictable changes in environmental, social, and economic conditions. Under
these conditions, adaptive management requires a farmer to learn by monitoring provisional strategies and changing conditions,
and then incrementally adjust management practices in light of new information. Exploring adaptive management will increase
our understanding of the underlying processes that link farmer societies with their environment across space and time, while
accounting for the impacts of an unpredictable climate. Here, we assessed the impacts of temperature and crop price, as
surrogates...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Agent-based model; Agro-ecosystems; Farmers; Pest.
Ano: 2015
Conservation Policy in Time and Space: Lessons from Divergent Approaches to Salvage Logging on
Public Lands
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Robinson, George; University at Albany, State University of New York; [email protected]; Zappieri, Jeffrey;
NYS Department of State, Division of Coastal Resources; [email protected].
A 50-yr precedent was reversed in 1995 when, following a powerful windstorm, salvage logging was disallowed in the protected
Adirondack Park State Forest Preserve of New York, United States. Damage from a similar windstorm in 1950 had provoked
massive salvage operations, approved by the New York State legislature on the grounds of fire prevention and resource
conservation. Following the 1995 storm, state conservation officers and consulting ecologists were prepared with up-to-date
assessment tools and a theoretical framework that treated large disturbances as normal ecosystem processes; the executive branch
acted in accord with their recommendations to forgo salvage. Prior to these events in New York State, federal forest preserves in
western states had...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adirondack Park; Forest disturbance; Forest health legislation; Public land use; Salvage logging; Science and
public policy; Wildfire; Windstorm.
Ano: 1999
Measuring Household Resilience to Floods: a Case Study in the Vietnamese Mekong River Delta
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nguyen, Kien V; An Giang University, Vietnam; Australian Demographic and Social Research Institute, Australian
National University; [email protected]; James, Helen; Australian Demographic and Social Research Institute, Australian
National University; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Impacts; Floods; Mekong River Delta; Resilience; Vulnerability; Well-being.
Ano: 2013
From Scorecard to Social Learning: A Reflective Coassessment Approach for Promoting Multiagency
Cooperation in Natural Resource Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Roux, Dirk J; Monash South Africa; International Water Centre; [email protected]; Murray, Kevin; Insight
Modelling Services;; Nel, Jeanne L; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research;; Hill, Liesl; Council for Scientific and
Industrial Research;; Roux, Hermien; North West Department of Agriculture, Conservation, Environment and Rural
Development;; Driver, Amanda; South African National Biodiversity Institute;.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Bridging agents; Cross-sector cooperation; Freshwater conservation; Integrated water
resources management; Management effectiveness evaluation; Reflective coassessment; Social learning.
Ano: 2011
Theories, Computer Models, and Sustainable Futures
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Chi, Hsin; National Chung Hsing University; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001
Wild meat consumption on São Tomé Island, West Africa: implications for
conservation and local livelihoods
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rego, Francisco; Centro de Ecologia Aplicada 'Prof. Baeta Neves', Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Tapada da Ajuda,
Lisboa, Portugal; [email protected]; Fa, John E.; Manchester Metropolitan University; CIFOR; [email protected].
The importance of wild meats for rural people is well documented in tropical forests worldwide. However, the case of oceanic
islands remains relatively poorly studied. We assess the contribution made by wild meats to the diets of rural inhabitants in the
Island of São Tomé, characterize the relative importance of native and introduced fauna, and discuss the
implications of wild meat consumption on rural livelihoods and on the conservation of the resident fauna. Using semistructured
interviews, we assessed animal protein consumption in 10 communities (716 household-weeks), around the vicinity of the
island’s main protected area, Obô Natural Park. Fish and the introduced West African giant snail
(Archachatina marginata)...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Bushmeat; Islands; Protein intake; Rural demand; Wealth.
Ano: 2015
From Satellite Imagery to Peatland Vegetation Diversity: How Reliable Are Habitat Maps?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rochefort, Line; ;.
Although satellite imagery is becoming a basic component of the work of ecologists and conservationists, its potential and
reliability are still relatively unknown for a large number of ecosystems. Using Landsat 7/ETM+ (Enhanced Thematic Mapper
Plus) data, we tested the accuracy of two types of supervised classifications for mapping 13 peatland habitats in southern Quebec,
Canada. Before classifying peatland habitats, we applied a mask procedure that revealed 629 peatlands covering a total of 18,103
ha; 26% of them were larger than 20 ha. We applied both a simple maximum likelihood (ML) function and a weighted maximum
likelihood (WML) function that took into account the proportion of each habitat class within each peatland when classifying the
habitats on...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Landsat 7; Coarse filter; Error matrix; Habitat distinctiveness; Habitat variability; Mask procedure; Maximum
likelihood classification; Peatland habitats; Plant species assemblages; Remote sensing; Supervised classification; Wetland
conservation.
Ano: 2002
Biodiversity, Urban Areas, and Agriculture: Locating Priority Ecoregions for Conservation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ricketts, Taylor; World Wildlife Fund; [email protected]; Imhoff, Marc; NASA's Goddard Space Flight
Center; [email protected].
Urbanization and agriculture are two of the most important threats to biodiversity worldwide. The intensities of these land-use
phenomena, however, as well as levels of biodiversity itself, differ widely among regions. Thus, there is a need to develop a quick
but rigorous method of identifying where high levels of human threats and biodiversity coincide. These areas are clear priorities
for biodiversity conservation. In this study, we combine distribution data for eight major plant and animal taxa (comprising over
20,000 species) with remotely sensed measures of urban and agricultural land use to assess conservation priorities among 76
terrestrial ecoregions in North America. We combine the species data into overall indices of richness and endemism. We...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: North America; Agriculture; Biodiversity; Conservation; Conservation priorities; Ecoregions; Endemism;
Human land use; Species richness; Threats to biodiversity; Urbanization.
Ano: 2003
Resilience design: toward a synthesis of cognition, learning, and collaboration for adaptive problem
solving in conservation and natural resource stewardship
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Curtin, Charles G.; MIT-USGS Science Impact Collaborative, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Mora Watershed
Alliance; [email protected].
Through the resilience design approach, I propose to extend the resilience paradigm by re-examining the components of adaptive
decision-making and governance processes. The approach can be divided into three core components: (1) equity design, i.e., the
integration of collaborative approaches to conservation and adaptive governance that generates effective self-organization and
emergence in conservation and natural resource stewardship; (2) process design, i.e., the generation of more effective knowledge
through strategic development of information inputs; and (3) outcome design, i.e., the pragmatic synthesis of the previous two
approaches, generating a framework for developing durable and dynamic conservation and stewardship. The design of processes
that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cognition; Collaborative adaptive management; Linked social-ecological systems; Resilience design; Wicked
systems.
Ano: 2014
Partnering for bioregionalism in England: a case study of the Westcountry Rivers Trust
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cook, Hadrian; School of Natural and Built Environments, Kingston University, London; [email protected];
Benson, David; Environment and Sustainability Institute, Department of Politics, University of Exeter, Cornwall;
[email protected]; Couldrick, Laurence; Westcountry Rivers Trust, Stoke Climsland, Callington, Cornwall;
[email protected].
The adoption of bioregionalism by institutions that are instrumental in river basin management has significant potential to resolve
complex water resource management problems. The Westcountry Rivers Trust (WRT) in England provides an example of how
localized bioregional institutionalization of adaptive comanagement, consensus decision making, local participation, indigenous
technical and social knowledge, and “win-win” outcomes can potentially lead to resilient partnership
working. Our analysis of the WRT’s effectiveness in confronting nonpoint source water pollution, previously
impervious to centralized agency responses, provides scope for lesson-drawing on institutional design, public engagement, and
effective operation,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive comanagement; Bioregionalism; Bioregional planning; Institutions; Lesson-drawing; Partnership.
Ano: 2016
Local seafood: rethinking the direct marketing paradigm
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Stoll, Joshua S; School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine; [email protected]; Dubik, Bradford A; Duke
University Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University; [email protected]; Campbell, Lisa
M; Duke University Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University; [email protected].
Faced with strict regulations, rising operational costs, depleted stocks, and competition from less expensive foreign imports, many
fishers are pursuing new ways to market and sell their catch. Direct marketing arrangements can increase the ex-vessel value of
seafood and profitability of operations for fishers by circumventing dominant wholesale chains of custody and capturing the
premium that customers are willing to pay for local seafood. Our analysis goes beyond a paradigm that understands direct
marketing arrangements as solely economic tools to consider how these emerging business configurations create a set of
conditions that can result in increased bonding and bridging capital among fishers by incentivizing cooperation, communication,
and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Community-supported fisheries; Direct marketing; Institutional starters; Local seafood; Resilience; Social
capital.
Ano: 2015
Understanding Public Support for Indigenous Natural Resource Management in Northern Australia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Zander, Kerstin K; Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University; The Northern
Institute, Charles Darwin University; [email protected].
Increased interest in indigenous-led natural resource management (NRM) on traditionally owned land in northern Australia has
raised important questions in relation to policies that compensate indigenous Australians for providing environmental services. A
choice experiment survey was mailed out to respondents across the whole of Australia to assess if and to what extent Australian
people think that society benefits from these services and how much they would pay for them. More than half the respondents
would in principle support indigenous NRM in northern Australia, with a high willingness to pay for carbon, biodiversity, and
recreational services. Social aspects of indigenous NRM, however, were not valued by the society, emphasizing the need for
awareness...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Choice experiment; Conservation marketing; Environmental services; PES; Traditional country; Willingness to
pay.
Ano: 2013
A Classification of Landscape Services to Support Local Landscape Planning
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Van Eetvelde, Veerle; Ghent University, Department of Geography; [email protected].
The ecosystem services approach has been proven successful to measure the contributions of nature and greenery to human
well-being. Ecosystems have an effect on quality of life, but landscapes also, as a broader concept, may contribute to
people’s well-being. The concept of landscape services, compared to ecosystem services, involves the social
dimension of landscape and the spatial pattern resulting from both natural and human processes in the provision of benefits for
human-well being. Our aim is to develop a classification for landscape services. The proposed typology of services is built on the
Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES) and on a critical review of existing literature on human
well-being dimensions,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cultural services; Ecosystem services; Holism; Landscape services; Spatial pattern; Transdiciplinarity.
Ano: 2014
Bridging Human and Natural Sciences for a Better Understanding of Urban Floral Patterns: the Role
of Planting Practices in Mediterranean Gardens
Provedor de dados: 7
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Environmental pressures; Floristic heterogeneity; Floristic norm; Social network; Urban biodiversity;
Urbanization gradient.
Ano: 2010
A methodology for the sustainability assessment of agri-food systems: an application to the Slow Food
Presidia project.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Peano, Cristiana; Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), University of Turin, Italy;
[email protected]; Migliorini, Paola; University of Gastronomic Sciences, Pollenzo, Italy; [email protected]; Sottile,
Francesco; Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, University of Palermo, Italy; [email protected].
New and alternative models for agri-food production and consumption have brought up questions regarding the effects they have
on local development processes in terms of the economic exploitation of rural areas as well as environmental, cultural, and social
factors. The agri-food system proposed by the Slow Food (SF) Presidia Project, which focuses on farm-to-market systems for
local, high-quality, sustainable products, can respond to the new and emerging needs of both rural and urban populaces via several
approaches in addition to food production itself. However, evaluating these parameters is challenging. The aim of this study was
to develop an indicator-based tool to monitor the sustainability in agri-food systems that considers quality as well as...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and food systems; Indicators; Slow Food; Sustainability evaluation.
Ano: 2014
Progress Toward Sustainable Mussel Aquaculture in Mar Piccolo, Italy
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Caroppo, Carmela; National Research Council - Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (CNR - IAMC), Taranto
(Italy); [email protected]; Giordano, Laura; National Research Council - Institute for Coastal Marine Environment
(CNR - IAMC), Naples (Italy); [email protected]; Palmieri, Nadia; National Research Council - Institute for Coastal
Marine Environment (CNR - IAMC), Naples (Italy);; Bellio, Giovanna; National Research Council - Institute for Coastal Marine
Environment (CNR - IAMC), Taranto (Italy); [email protected]; Bisci, Antonio Paride; National Research Council Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (CNR - IAMC), Taranto (Italy); [email protected]; Portacci, Giuseppe; National
Research Council - Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (CNR - IAMC), Taranto (Italy);; Sclafani, Patricia; National
Research Council - Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (CNR - IAMC), Naples (Italy); [email protected];
Hopkins, Tom Sawyer; National Research Council - Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (CNR - IAMC), Naples (Italy);.
Mar Piccolo of Taranto is an estuarine basin heavily exploited for commercial mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis L.) farming.
The historical renown of the Taranto mussels has suffered over the last decade following policy decisions to expand the mussel
farms and to relocate a portion of the urban sewage to an outfall outside of Mar Piccolo. The resulting decline in mussel quality
and the quandary of how to restore stability to Taranto mussel production became the focal issue for our application of the
systems approach framework (SAF).
We simulated the ecological, economic, and social interactions that affect mussel
production. Stakeholders and mussel farmers contributed by participating in meetings during the entire exercise. Our simulation
analysis...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Aquaculture; Bioeconomical modeling; Carrying capacity; Estuarine ecosystem simulation; Mar Piccolo;
Stakeholder involvement; Sustainability.
Ano: 2012
Generalizable principles for ecosystem stewardship-based management of social-ecological systems:
lessons learned from Alaska
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hansen, Winslow D.; Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; [email protected].
Human pressure could compromise the provision of ecosystem services if we do not implement strategies such as ecosystem
stewardship to foster sustainable trajectories. Barriers to managing systems based on ecosystem stewardship principles are
pervasive, including institutional constraints and uncertain system dynamics. However, solutions to help managers overcome
these barriers are less common. How can we better integrate ecosystem stewardship into natural resource management practices? I
draw on examples from the literature and two broadly applicable case studies from Alaska to suggest some generalizable
principles that can help managers redirect how people use and view ecosystems. These include (1) accounting for both people and
ecosystems in management...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Alaska; Bark beetle outbreak; Ecosystem disservices; Ecosystem services; Ecosystem stewardship based
management strategies; Kenai Peninsula; King salmon; Regime shift; Resilience; Social-ecological systems; Transformation;
Wildfire; Yukon River drainage.
Ano: 2014
Community Resilience and Oil Spills in Coastal Louisiana
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Colten, Craig E; Department of Geography and Anthropology, Louisiana State University; [email protected]; Hay,
Jenny; Department of Geography and Anthropology, Louisiana State University; [email protected]; Giancarlo, Alexandra;
Independent Scholar; [email protected].
The persistence of communities along Louisiana’s coast, despite centuries of natural and technological hazard events,
suggests an enduring resilience.
This paper employs a comparative historical analysis to examine “inherent
resilience,” i.e., practices that natural resource-dependent residents deploy to cope with disruptions and that are
retained in their collective memory. The analysis classifies activities taken in advance of and following a series of oil spills
within Wilbanks’ four elements of community resilience: anticipation, reduced vulnerability, response, and recovery.
Comparing local inherent resilience to formal government and corporate resilience enables the identification of strengths and
weaknesses...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Gulf Coast; Oil spills; Resilience.
Ano: 2012
Games for groundwater governance: field experiments in Andhra Pradesh, India
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Meinzen-Dick, Ruth; International Food Policy Research Institute; [email protected]; Chaturvedi, Rahul;
Foundation for Ecological Security; [email protected]; Ghate, Rucha; International Center for Integrated Mountain
Development; [email protected]; Janssen, Marco A; Arizona State University; [email protected]; Rollins, Nathan D;
Arizona State University; [email protected]; Sandeep, K; Foundation for Ecological Security; [email protected].
Groundwater is a common-pool resource that is subject to depletion in many places around the world as a result of increased use
of irrigation and water-demanding cash crops. Where state capacity to control groundwater use is limited, collective action is
important to increase recharge and restrict highly water-consumptive crops. We present results of field experiments in hard rock
areas of Andhra Pradesh, India, to examine factors affecting groundwater use. Two nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) ran
the games in communities where they were working to improve watershed and water management. Results indicate that, when the
links between crop choice and groundwater depletion is made explicit, farmers can act cooperatively to address this problem.
Longer NGO...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Andhra Pradesh; Collective action; Experimental games; Framed field experiments; Groundwater; India.
Ano: 2016
Exploring External Validity of Common Pool Resource Experiments: Insights from Artisanal Benthic
Fisheries in Chile
Provedor de dados: 7
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Artisanal fisheries; Benthic resources; Comanagement; Common pool resources; Internalization of norms;
Laboratory experiment; Small-scale fisheries; Territorial user rights.
Ano: 2013
The transformation of trust in China’s alternative food networks: disruption,
reconstruction, and development
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wang, Raymond Yu; Faculty of Social Sciences, The University of Hong Kong; [email protected]; Si,
Zhenzhong; University of Waterloo; [email protected]; Ng, Cho Nam; Department of Geography, The University of Hong
Kong; [email protected]; Scott, Steffanie; University of Waterloo; [email protected].
Food safety issues in China have received much scholarly attention, yet few studies systematically examined this matter through
the lens of trust. More importantly, little is known about the transformation of different types of trust in the dynamic process of
food production, provision, and consumption. We consider trust as an evolving interdependent relationship between different
actors. We used the Beijing County Fair, a prominent ecological farmers’ market in China, as an example to examine
the transformation of trust in China’s alternative food networks. We argue that although there has been a disruption
of institutional trust among the general public since 2008 when the melamine-tainted milk scandal broke out, reconstruction of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Alternative food networks; China; Food systems; Social theory; Trust transformation.
Ano: 2015
Comigrants and friends: informal networks and the transmission of traditional ecological knowledge
among seminomadic pastoralists of Gujarat, India
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Patel, Hanoz H. R.; The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India; [email protected];
Rubio-Campillo, Xavier; Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain; [email protected].
Previous research has shown that social organization may affect the distribution of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) within
local communities of natural resource users in multiple ways. However, in this line of research the potential role of informal
relationships has mostly been overlooked. In this article, we contribute toward filling this research gap by studying how two types
of informal relationships, namely migration partnership and friendship, affect the distribution of TEK within a community of
seminomadic pastoralists from the Kutch area, Gujarat, India. Using social network analysis, we map three networks, migration,
men friendship, and women friendship, and compare with similarity-based quantitative approaches the clusters extracted from...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Friendship; India; Informal relationships; Migration; Pastoralists; Rabari; Social network analysis; Social
organization; Traditional ecological knowledge.
Ano: 2016
Getting a Purchase on Social Values: Further Commentary on Sustainability, A Marketing
Perspective
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bromley, Peter; Pacific Institute for Social Change and Economic Sustainability (PISCES); [email protected].
Successful marketing of sustainability will proceed apace when we confront, and deal directly with, our social values. The tools
are at hand.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Advertising; Environmental responsibility; Social change; Social values.
Ano: 2002
Communication and sustainability science teams as complex systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McGreavy, Bridie; New England Sustainability Consortium, University of Maine; [email protected];
Lindenfeld, Laura; Margaret Chase Smith Policy Center & Communication & Journalism, University of Maine;
[email protected]; Hutchins Bieluch, Karen; Dartmouth College; [email protected]; Silka,
Linda; Senator George J. Mitchell Center for Sustainability Solutions, University of Maine; [email protected]; Leahy,
Jessica ; School of Forest Resources, University of Maine; [email protected]; Zoellick, Bill; Schoodic Institute at Acadia
National Park; [email protected].
Communication is essential to resilience, as interactions among humans influence how social-ecological systems (SES) respond to
change. Our research focuses on how specific communication interactions on sustainability science teams, such as how people
meet with each other; the ways in which they categorize themselves and others; the decision-making models they use; and their
communication competencies affect outcomes. We describe research from a two-year study of communication in Maine's
Sustainability Solutions Initiative, a statewide network of sustainability science teams. Our results demonstrate that decision
making and communication competencies influenced mutual understanding, inclusion of diverse ideas, and progress toward
sustainability-related...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Communication; Interdisciplinary collaboration; Public participation in scientific research; Resilience;
Structuration Theory; Sustainability science.
Ano: 2015
How social learning influences further collaboration: experiences from an international collaborative
water project
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bressers, Hans; Twente Centre for Studies in Technology and Sustainable Development (CSTM), University of Twente;
[email protected]; Augustijn, Denie C. M.; Department of Water Engineering and Management, University of Twente;
[email protected].
Social learning in collaborative settings can play an important role in reducing water management problems. In this paper we
analyze the nature and effects of these learning processes in an international collaborative setting. We assert that social
interactions contribute to substantive and relational learning, which involves changes in the motivations, cognitions and resources
of individual actors. In addition, interactions may contribute to social learning, which is the case when actors develop collective
outcomes on which further collaboration can be based. We use these theoretical insights to examine a water project in which
Dutch and Romanian actors collaborate. Their interactions changed their individual motivations, cognitions, and resources and
led...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: International collaboration; Romania; Social learning; Water resource management.
Ano: 2014
Quantifying the Human Appropriation of Fresh Water by African Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Alcamo, Joseph; Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Africa; Agriculture; Blue water; Green water; Hydrological modeling; LandSHIFT; Land-use modeling;
WaterGAP.
Ano: 2009
Climate adaptation, institutional change, and sustainable livelihoods of herder communities in
northern Tibet
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wang, Jun; Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Key Laboratory for Human and Environmental Science and
Technology, Shenzhen, China; [email protected]; Wang, Yang; National Climate Center, China Meteorological
Administration, Beijing, China; [email protected]; Li, Shuangcheng; College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,
Peking University, Beijing, China; [email protected]; Qin, Dahe; National Climate Center, China Meteorological
Administration, Beijing, China; [email protected].
The Tibetan grassland social-ecological systems are widely held to be highly vulnerable to climate change. We aim to investigate
livelihood adaptation strategies of herder households and the types of local institutions that shaped those adaptation strategies. We
examined the barriers and opportunities for strengthening adaptive capacity of local herder communities. We designed and
implemented a household survey in the herder communities of northern Tibet. The survey results showed that migratory grazing
has become less feasible. Storage, diversification, and market exchange have become the dominant adaptation strategies. The
adaptation strategies of local herders have been reshaped by local institutional change. Local governmental and market
institutions...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Climate adaptation; Herder communities; Institutional change; Sustainable livelihoods; Tibetan Plateau.
Ano: 2016
Model-Based Estimation of Collision Risks of Predatory Birds with Wind Turbines
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Eichhorn, Marcus; UFZ-Helmhotz Centre for Environmental Research; [email protected]; Johst, Karin;
UFZ-Helmhotz Centre for Environmental Research; [email protected]; Seppelt, Ralf; UFZ-Helmhotz Centre for Environmental
Research; [email protected]; Drechsler, Martin; UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collision risk; Foraging behavior; Impact assessment; Individual-based model; Milvus milvus; Red Kite; Spatial
model; Wind power.
Ano: 2012
Navigating trade-offs in land-use planning: integrating human well-being into objective setting
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Adams, Vanessa M.; Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University; Australian
Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; National Environmental Research
Program Northern Australia Hub; [email protected]; Pressey, Robert L.; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for
Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; National Environmental Research Program Northern Australia Hub;
[email protected]; Stoeckl, Natalie; School of Business and Cairns Institute, James Cook University; National
Environmental Research Program Northern Australia Hub; [email protected].
There is an increasing demand for development of natural resources, which can be accompanied by environmental degradation.
Planning for multiple land uses requires navigating trade-offs between social, economic, and environmental outcomes arising
from different possible futures. To explore these trade-offs, we use the Daly River catchment, in Australia’s Northern
Territory, as a case study. The catchment contains areas of priority for both conservation and development. In response to the
challenge of navigating the required trade-offs, the Daly River Management Advisory Committee (DRMAC) initiated a land-use
plan for the region. Both development and conservation of natural resources in the catchment will affect human well-being and
the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Development; Human well-being; Land-use planning; Objective setting; Stakeholder engagement; Systematic
conservation planning.
Ano: 2014
Parks, people, and change: the importance of multistakeholder engagement in adaptation planning
for conserved areas
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Knapp, Corrine N.; Department of Environment and Sustainability, Western State Colorado University;
[email protected]; Chapin III, F. Stuart; Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, USA;
[email protected]; Kofinas, Gary P.; Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, USA;
[email protected]; Fresco, Nancy; Scenarios Network for Alaska and Arctic Planning, University of Alaska Fairbanks, USA;
[email protected]; Carothers, Courtney; School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, USA;
[email protected]; Craver, Amy; Denali National Park and Preserve; [email protected].
Climate change challenges the traditional goals and conservation strategies of protected areas, necessitating adaptation to
changing conditions. Denali National Park and Preserve (Denali) in south central Alaska, USA, is a vast landscape that is
responding to climate change in ways that will impact both ecological resources and local communities. Local observations help
to inform understanding of climate change and adaptation planning, but whose knowledge is most important to consider? For this
project we interviewed long-term Denali staff, scientists, subsistence community members, bus drivers, and business owners to
assess what types of observations each can contribute, how climate change is impacting each, and what they think the National
Park Service...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Climate change; Local knowledge; National Park; Resilience; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2014
Deliberative Democracy, Institution Building, and the Pragmatics of Cumulative Effects Assessment
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Parkins, John R; University of Alberta; [email protected].
Cumulative effects assessment is a process of scientific analysis, social choice, and public policy development, yet the linkages
among these domains are often less than transparent. Limits to scientific and technical assessment, issues of power and control of
information, and episodic forms of civic engagement represent serious challenges to meaningful understanding of cumulative
effects assessment and land-use planning. In articulating these challenges, I draw on case studies from Ontario's Lands for Life
and Alberta's Land-use Framework to illustrate current limitations to cumulative effects assessment on public lands in Canada. As
a partial remedy for these limitations, insights into a pragmatic approach to impact assessment, in contrast to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Case study; Environmental sociology; Land-use Framework; Lands for Life; Regional planning; Social
imaginary.
Ano: 2011
Aspects of Mussel-Farming Activity in Chalastra, Thermaikos Gulf, Greece: An Effort to Untie a
Management Gordian Knot
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Konstantinou, Zoi I.; Division of Hydraulics and Environment, Department of Civil Engineering, Aristotle University of
Thessaloniki; [email protected]; Krestenitis, Yannis N.; Division of Hydraulics and Environment, Department of Civil
Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki ; [email protected]; Latinopoulos, Dionysis; Department of Spatial Planning
and Development, Faculty of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki;; Pagou, Kalliopi; Hellenic Center for Marine
Research, Institute of Oceanography;; Galinou-Mitsoudi, Sofia; Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Alexander
Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki;; Savvidis, Yiannis; Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology,
Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki;.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Integrated management; Integrated modeling; Mussel farming; Stakeholder involvement; Systems Approach
Framework (SAF) implementation.
Ano: 2012
Collaborative Monitoring of Production and Costs of Timber Harvest Operations in the Brazilian
Amazon
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pokorny, Benno; University of Freiburg; [email protected].
Timber companies and policy makers in the Brazilian Amazon urgently need financial information on forest management. Results
from a few experiments, case studies, and surveys have been groundbreaking, but are insufficient. A strategic partnership between
timber companies and research organizations is needed to generate additional information. This paper presents a tool for
monitoring production and costs of forest operations to facilitate such collaboration. The tool provides useful information for
companies and, at the same time, generates reliable data for research. Selected results are presented on production, capacity, and
costs to demonstrate the usefulness of the information that can be generated. These results are based on the first 2 years of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Brazilian Amazon; Costs; Forest operations; Monitoring; Productivity; Reduced-impact logging.
Ano: 2005
Social Thresholds and their Translation into Social-ecological Management Practices
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Christensen, Lisa; Yukon College; [email protected]; Krogman, Naomi; University of Alberta;
[email protected].
The objective of this paper is to provide a preliminary discussion of how to improve our conceptualization of social thresholds
using (1) a more sociological analysis of social resilience, and (2) results from research carried out in collaboration with the
Champagne and Aishihik First Nations of the Yukon Territory, Canada. Our sociological analysis of the concept of resilience
begins with a review of the literature followed by placement of the concept in the domain of sociological theory to gain insight
into its strengths and limitations. A new notion of social thresholds is proposed and case study research discussed to support the
proposition. Our findings suggest that rather than view social thresholds as breakpoints between two regimes, as thresholds...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Functionalism; Social-ecological resilience; Thresholds; Yukon Territory.
Ano: 2012
Using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems to Study Urban Quality of Life and
Urban Forest Amenities
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Jensen, Ryan; Indiana State University; [email protected]; Gatrell, Jay; ;; Boulton, Jim; ;; Harper, Bruce; ;.
This study examines urban quality of life by assessing the relationship between observed socioeconomic conditions and urban
forest amenities in Terre Haute, Indiana, USA. Using remote-sensing methods and techniques, and ordinary least squares
regression, the paper determines the relationship between urban leaf area and a population density parameter with median income
and median housing value. Results demonstrate positive correlations between urban leaf area, population density, and their
interaction with median income and median housing value. Furthermore, leaf area, density, and their interaction statistically
account for observed variance in median income and median housing value, indicating that these variables may be used to study
observed...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Leaf area index; Remote sensing; Urban forestry; Urban quality of life.
Ano: 2005
The role of social learning for social-ecological systems in Korean village groves restoration
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lee, Eunju; Civic Ecology Lab, Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University; [email protected]; Krasny,
Marianne E.; Civic Ecology Lab, Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University; [email protected].
Recently, social learning has been recognized as a means to foster adaptation to changing conditions, and more broadly,
social-ecological systems resilience. However, the discussion of social learning and social-ecological resilience in different
cultural contexts is limited. In this study we introduce the Korean Village Groves Restoration Project (VGRP) through the lens of
social learning, and discuss implications of the VGRP for resilience in villages impacted by industrialization and decline of
traditional forest resources. We conducted open-ended interviews with VGRP leaders, government and NGO officials, and
residents in four villages in South Korea, and found that villages responded to ecosystem change in ways that could be explained
by the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Korean village groves; Multiple loop learning; Natural resource management; Social-ecological resilience;
Social learning.
Ano: 2015
Suspect Visions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tyson, Wayne; ; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2000
Homeowner Associations as a Vehicle for Promoting Native Urban Biodiversity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lerman, Susannah B; The Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts;
[email protected]; Turner, Victoria Kelly; School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University;
[email protected]; Bang, Christofer; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University; [email protected].
The loss of habitat due to suburban and urban development represents one of the greatest threats to biodiversity. Conservation
developments have emerged as a key player for reconciling new ex-urban residential development with ecosystem services.
However, as more than half of the world population lives in urban and suburban developments, identifying conservation partners
to facilitate retrofitting existing residential neighborhoods becomes paramount. Homeowner associations (HOA) manage a
significant proportion of residential developments in the United States, which includes the landscape design for yards and gardens.
These areas have the potential to mitigate the loss of urban biodiversity when they provide habitat for native wildlife. Therefore,
the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: CAP LTER; Conservation development; Homeowner associations; Residential landscapes; Sustainable Sites
Initiative; Urban biodiversity.
Ano: 2012
Quantifying Expected Ecological Response to Natural Resource Legislation: a Case Study of Riparian
Buffers, Aquatic Habitat, and Trout Populations
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Jones, Krista L; Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia; [email protected]; Poole, Geoffrey C; Eco-metrics,
Inc. and Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia; [email protected]; Meyer, Judy L; Institute of Ecology, University of
Georgia; [email protected]; Bumback, William; River Basin Center, University of Georgia; [email protected]; Kramer,
Elizabeth A; Natural Resources Spatial Analysis Laboratory, University of Georgia; [email protected].
Regulations governing the management of streamside vegetation (riparian buffers) lie at a nexus between environmental, social,
and land development interests, and can yield especially contentious debates among stakeholders. In 2001, the State Legislature
of Georgia, USA, took up this debate; the Legislature reduced the minimum width of mandatory-forested riparian buffers along
designated trout streams from ∼30 m (100 ft) to ∼15 m (50 ft), and commissioned this study to assess the
expected response of existing trout populations. Because our research was designed to provide rigorous and accessible data for
informing this management debate, this research may serve as a general template for other studies designed to inform regulatory
and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Georgia; Natural resource legislation; Riparian buffer width; Scientific assessment; Sediment; Southern
Appalachians; Stream temperature; Trout.
Ano: 2006
Cooperative and adaptive transboundary water governance in Canada’s Mackenzie
River Basin: status and prospects
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Morris, Michelle; Water Policy and Governance Group; School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability,
University of Waterloo; [email protected].
Canada’s Mackenzie River Basin (MRB) is one of the largest relatively pristine ecosystems in North America. Home
to indigenous peoples for millennia, the basin is also the site of increasing resource development, notably fossil fuels,
hydroelectric power resources, minerals, and forests. Three provinces, three territories, the Canadian federal government, and
Aboriginal
governments
(under
Canada’s
constitution,
indigenous
peoples
are
referred
to
as
“Aboriginal”) have responsibilities for water in the basin, making the MRB a significant setting for
cooperative, transboundary water governance. A framework agreement that provides broad principles and establishes a river basin
organization, the MRB Board, has been in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Bioregional approach; Mackenzie River Basin Board; Mackenzie River Basin Canada;
River basin organizations; Transboundary water governance.
Ano: 2016
Value of traditional oral narratives in building climate-change resilience: insights from rural
communities in Fiji
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Janif, Shaiza Z.; Research Office, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji Islands; [email protected]; Nunn,
Patrick D.; Australian Centre for Pacific Islands Research, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia;
[email protected]; Geraghty, Paul; School of Language, Arts and Media, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji Islands;
Department of Linguistics, University of New England, New South Wales, Australia; [email protected]; Aalbersberg,
William; Institute of Applied Sciences, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji Islands; [email protected];
Thomas, Frank R.; Oceania Centre for Arts, Culture and Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji Islands;
[email protected]; Camailakeba, Mereoni; Fiji Museum, Suva, Fiji Islands; [email protected].
In the interests of improving engagement with Pacific Island communities to enable development of effective and sustainable
adaptation strategies to climate change, we looked at how traditional oral narratives in rural/peripheral Fiji communities might be
used to inform such strategies. Interviews were undertaken and observations made in 27 communities; because the custodians of
traditional knowledge were targeted, most interviewees were 70-79 years old. The view that oral traditions, particularly those
referring to environmental history and the observations/precursors of environmental change, were endangered was widespread and
regretted. Interviewees’ personal experiences of extreme events (natural disasters) were commonplace but no...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; Community; Fiji; Oral traditions; Pacific Islands; Resilience; Rural.
Ano: 2016
Can Logging in Equatorial Africa Affect Adjacent Parks?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Baidya Roy, Somnath; Princeton University; [email protected]; Walsh, Peter D; Princeton University;
[email protected]; Lichstein, Jeremy W; Princeton University; [email protected].
Tropical deforestation can cause fundamental regional-scale shifts in vegetation structure and diversity. This is particularly true in
Africa. Although national parks are being established to protect areas from deforestation and to conserve biodiversity, these parks
are not immune to disturbances outside their boundaries. We used regional-scale atmospheric simulation experiments to
investigate how deforestation in timber concessions might affect precipitation inside adjacent, undisturbed national parks in the
equatorial African countries of Gabon and the Republic of Congo. The experiments revealed a complex response. Some parks
showed rainfall reduced as much as 15%, while others showed slight increases. Rainfall inside parks was particularly sensitive
to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Deforestation; Logging; Precipitation; Climate change; Africa; Tropics; National park.
Ano: 2005
Linking Future Ecosystem Services and Future Human Well-being
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Butler, Colin D; Australian National University; [email protected]; Oluoch-Kosura, Willis; University of
Nairobi; [email protected].
Ecosystem services are necessary, yet not sufficient for human well-being (however defined). Insufficient access to the ecosystem
provisioning service of food is a particularly important factor in the loss of human well-being, but all ecosystem services
contribute in some way to well-being. Although perhaps long obvious to ecologists, the links between ecosystems and aspects of
human well-being, including health, have been less well understood among the social science community. This situation may now
be starting to change, thanks in part to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA). Causality between ecosystem services and
well-being is bidirectional; it is increasingly clear that functioning societies can protect or enhance ecosystem services, and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cognitive potential; Conflict; Ecosystems; Health; Human well-being; Hunger; Nutrition; Scenarios; Surprise.
Ano: 2006
Levels and drivers of fishers’ compliance with marine protected areas
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Arias, Adrian; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University;
[email protected]; Cinner, Joshua E.; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James
Cook University; [email protected]; Jones, Rhondda E.; College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook
University; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University; [email protected]; Pressey,
Robert L.; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University;
[email protected].
Effective conservation depends largely on people’s compliance with regulations. We investigate compliance through
the lens of fishers’ compliance with marine protected areas (MPAs). MPAs are widely used tools for marine
conservation and fisheries management. Studies show that compliance alone is a strong predictor of fish biomass within MPAs.
Hence, fishers’ compliance is critical for MPA effectiveness. However, there are few empirical studies showing what
factors influence fishers’ compliance with MPAs. Without such information, conservation planners and managers
have limited opportunities to provide effective interventions. By studying 12 MPAs in a developing country (Costa Rica), we
demonstrate the role that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Costa Rica; Illegal fishing; Livelihoods; Marine reserve; Poaching; Poverty.
Ano: 2015
USDA Forest Service Roadless Areas: Potential Biodiversity Conservation Reserves
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Loucks, Colby; World Wildlife Fund; [email protected]; Brown, Nicholas; NatureServe;
[email protected]; Loucks, Andrea; Pinchot Institute; [email protected]; Cesareo, Kerry; World Wildlife
Fund; [email protected].
In January 2001, approximately 23 x 106 ha of land in the U.S. National Forest System were slated to remain roadless and
protected from timber extraction under the Final Roadless Conservation Rule. We examined the potential contributions of these
areas to the conservation of biodiversity. Using GIS, we analyzed the concordance of inventoried roadless areas (IRAs) with
ecoregion-scale biological importance and endangered and imperiled species distributions on a scale of 1:24,000. We found
that more than 25% of IRAs are located in globally or regionally outstanding ecoregions and that 77% of inventoried roadless
areas have the potential to conserve threatened, endangered, or imperiled species. IRAs would increase the conservation reserve
network...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: GIS; USDA Forest Service; Biodiversity conservation; Endangered species; Grizzly bears; Imperiled species;
Roadless areas; Threatened species.
Ano: 2003
Transient Social–Ecological Stability: the Effects of Invasive Species and Ecosystem
Restoration on Nutrient Management Compromise in Lake Erie
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Roy, Eric D.; Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Ohio State University;
[email protected]; Martin, Jay F.; Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Ohio State University;
[email protected]; Irwin, Elena G.; Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Development Economics, Ohio State
University; [email protected]; Conroy, Joseph D.; Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, Ohio State
University; [email protected]; Culver, David A.; Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, Ohio State
University; [email protected].
Together, lake ecosystems and local human activity form complex social–ecological systems (SESs) characterized by
feedback loops and discontinuous change. Researchers in diverse fields have suggested that complex systems do not have single
stable equilibria in the long term because of inevitable perturbation. During this study, we sought to address the general question
of whether or not stable social–ecological equilibria exist in highly stressed and managed lacustrine systems. Using
an integrated human–biophysical model, we investigated the impacts of a species invasion and ecosystem restoration
on SES equilibrium, defined here as a compromise in phosphorus management among opposing stakeholders, in western Lake
Erie. Our...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Dreissena; Ecosystem services; Invasive species; Lake Erie; Lake eutrophication; Lake management;
Perturbation; Phosphorus.
Ano: 2010
Spatial Organization of Environmental Knowledge: Conservation Conflicts in the Inhabited Forest of
Northern Thailand
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Roth, Robin; York University; [email protected].
Managing forests for their satisfactory provision of multiple goods and services to both the global and local commons requires
effective cross-scale cooperation between local management institutions and state management institutions. Integrating the distinct
sets of knowledge produced and used at the two scales of management has proven very challenging. This paper shows how a
better understanding of the spatial expression of knowledge operating at distinct scales can help lead to a more fruitful integration
of local knowledge and practice with state knowledge and practice. Using a case study from northern Thailand, this paper
examines the links between the production of knowledge and the production of space within resource management institutions. It
then...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Mae Tho National Park; Royal Forestry Department; Thailand; Co-management; Environmental knowledge;
Forest conservation; National parks; Park-people conflict; Traditional knowledge.
Ano: 2004
The Long and the Short of the "View Thing"
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tyson, Wayne; ; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003
Efficient Conservation in a Utility-Maximization Framework
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Davis, Frank W; University of California; [email protected]; Costello, Christopher; University of California;
[email protected]; Stoms, David; University of California; [email protected].
Systematic planning for biodiversity conservation is being conducted at scales ranging from global to national to regional. The
prevailing planning paradigm is to identify the minimum land allocations needed to reach specified conservation targets or
maximize the amount of conservation accomplished under an area or budget constraint. We propose a more general formulation
for setting conservation priorities that involves goal setting, assessing the current conservation system, developing a scenario of
future biodiversity given the current conservation system, and allocating available conservation funds to alter that scenario so as to
maximize future biodiversity. Under this new formulation for setting conservation priorities, the value of a site depends on...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Sierra Nevada; California; Conservation; Cost-effectiveness; Irreplaceability; Planning; Retention;
Scenario.
Ano: 2006
Mapping future changes in livelihood security and environmental sustainability based on perceptions
of small farmers in the Brazilian Amazon
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Diniz, Fabio H.; Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Brazil;
[email protected]; Kok, Kasper; Soil Geography and Landscape Group, Department of Environmental Sciences,
Wageningen University, The Netherlands; [email protected]; Hoogstra-Klein, Marjanke A.; Forest and Nature Conservation
Policy Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, The Netherlands; [email protected];
Arts, Bas; Forest and Nature Conservation Policy, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, The
Netherlands; [email protected].
Deforestation is a widely recognized problem in the Brazilian Amazon. Small farmers play a key role in this process in that they
earn their livelihood by ranching and farming. Many studies have addressed the link between deforestation and livelihood
strategies adopted by small farmers. Most have focused on advanced monitoring systems, simulation models, and GIS approaches
to analyze the interaction of both dimensions, i.e., livelihoods and forest cover change. Although the current toolbox of methods
has proved successful in increasing our understanding of these interactions, the models and approaches employed do not consider
small farmers’ perspectives. On the assumption that local small farmers are agents of land-cover change,
understanding how...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Brazil; Deforestation; Fuzzy cognitive maps; Mental model; Pará ; Scenarios.
Ano: 2015
Ecological States and the Resilience of Coral Reefs
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McClanahan, Tim; Wildlife Conservation Society; [email protected]; Polunin, Nicholas; Newcastle University;
[email protected]; Done, Terry; Australian Institute of Marine Science; [email protected].
We review the evidence for multiple ecological states and the factors that create ecological resilience in coral reef ecosystems.
There are natural differences among benthic communities along gradients of water temperature, light, nutrients, and organic
matter associated with upwelling-downwelling and onshore-offshore systems. Along gradients from oligotrophy to eutrophy,
plant-animal symbioses tend to decrease, and the abundance of algae and heterotrophic suspension feeders and the ratio of organic
to inorganic carbon production tend to increase. Human influences such as fishing, increased organic matter and nutrients,
sediments, warm water, and transportation of xenobiotics and diseases are common causes of a large number of recently reported
ecological...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Carbon production; Coral reefs; Diseases; Ecological stress; Fishing; Global climate change; Keystone species;
Oligotrophy-eutrophy; Resilience; Trophic ecology.
Ano: 2002
Pimp Your Landscape - a Generic Approach for Integrating Regional Stakeholder Needs into Land
Use Planning
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pietzsch, Katrin; PISOLUTION Pietzsch IT Service; [email protected]; Ende, Hans-Peter; Leibniz-Centre for
Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF); [email protected]; Makeschin, Franz; Dresden University of Technology, Institute for
Soil Science and Site Ecology; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Evaluation of land use pattern changes; Generic approach; Land use management support; Rule setting options;
Spatial planning; User requirements analysis; Visualization of land use pattern changes.
Ano: 2010
Ecologically sustainable but unjust? Negotiating equity and authority in common-pool marine
resource management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Klain, Sarah C; University of British Columbia; [email protected]; Beveridge, Rachelle; University of Victoria;
[email protected]; Bennett, Nathan J; Univeristy of British Columbia; Visiting Research Fellow at University of
Victoria; [email protected].
Under appropriate conditions, community-based fisheries management can support sound resource stewardship, with positive
social and environmental outcomes. Evaluating indigenous peoples’ involvement in commercial sea cucumber and
geoduck fisheries on the central coast of British Columbia, Canada, we found that the current social-ecological system
configuration is relatively ecologically sustainable according to stock assessments. However, the current system also results in
perceived inequities in decision-making processes, harvesting allocations, and socioeconomic benefits. As a result, local coastal
resource managers envision a transformation of sea cucumber and geoduck fisheries governance and management institutions. We
assessed the potential...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Benthic fisheries; Common-pool resources; CPR design principles; Environmental governance; Indigenous or
aboriginal peoples; Resource management; Small-scale fisheries; Social-ecological system framework.
Ano: 2014
Understanding the contribution of wild edible plants to rural social-ecological resilience in semi-arid
Kenya
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Shumsky, Stephanie A; Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University; [email protected];
Hickey, Gordon M.; Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University; [email protected]; Pelletier, Bernard;
Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: East Africa; Food policy; Food security; Social-ecological system; Subsistence agriculture; Sustainable
livelihoods; Tharaka.
Ano: 2014
Expert and Generalist Local Knowledge about Land-cover Change on South Africa’s
Wild Coast: Can Local Ecological Knowledge Add Value to Science?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Chalmers, Nigel; Rhodes University, South Africa;; Fabricius, Christo; Rhodes University, South Africa;
[email protected].
Local ecological knowledge (LEK) can shed light on ecosystem change, especially in under-researched areas such as South
Africa’s Wild Coast. However, for ecosystem planning purposes, it is necessary to assess the accuracy and validity of
LEK, and determine where such knowledge is situated in a community, and how evenly it is spread. Furthermore, it is relevant to
ask: does LEK add value to science, and how do science and local knowledge complement one another? We assessed change in
woodland and forest cover in the Nqabara Administrative Area on South Africa’s Wild Coast between 1974 and
2001. The inhabitants of Nqabara are “traditional” Xhosa-speaking people who are highly dependent on
natural resources for their...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cultivation; Fire; GIS; Land-cover change; Landscape ecology; Local ecological knowledge; Politics; Scientific
knowledge; Vegetation.
Ano: 2007
Evaluating Today's Landscape Multifunctionality and Providing an Alternative Future: A Normative
Scenario Approach
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Waldhardt, Rainer; Landscape Ecology and Landscape Planning, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen;
[email protected]; Bach, Martin; Resources Management, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen;; Breuer,
Lutz; Resources Management, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen;; Frede, Hans-Georg; Resources Management,
Justus-Liebig-University Giessen;; Ginzler, Oliver; Landscape Ecology and Landscape Planning, Justus-Liebig-University
Giessen;; Gottschalk, Thomas; Animal Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen;; Julich, Stefan; Resources Management,
Justus-Liebig-University Giessen;; Krumpholz, Matthias; Agribusiness Management, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen;;
Kuhlmann, Friedrich; Agribusiness Management, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen;; Otte, Annette; Landscape Ecology and
Landscape Planning, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen;; Reger, Birgit; Landscape Ecology and Landscape Planning,
Justus-Liebig-University Giessen;; Reiher, Wolfgang; Resources Management, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen;; Schmitz, Kim;
Agricultural and Development Policy, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen;; Schmitz, P. Michael; Agricultural and Development
Policy, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen;; Sheridan, Patrick; Agribusiness Management, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen;;
Simmering, Dietmar; Landscape Ecology and Landscape Planning, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen;; Weist, Cornelia; Biometry
and Population Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen;; Wolters, Volkmar; Animal Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University
Giessen;.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Ecosystem services; Germany; Modeling; Sustainability.
Ano: 2010
Plausible futures of a social-ecological system: Yahara watershed, Wisconsin, USA
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Carpenter, Stephen R; Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; [email protected]; Booth, Eric G.;
Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of
Wisconsin-Madison; [email protected]; Gillon, Sean; Department of Food Systems and Society, Marylhurst University;
Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; [email protected]; Kucharik, Christopher
J.; Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Nelson Institute Center for Sustainability and the Global
Environment, University of Wisconsin-Madison; [email protected]; Loheide, Steven; Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison; [email protected]; Mase, Amber S.; Department of Forest and Wildlife
Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; [email protected]; Motew, Melissa; Nelson Center for Sustainability and the Global
Environment, University of Wisconsin-Madison; [email protected]; Qiu, Jiangxiao; Department of Zoology, University of
Wisconsin-Madison; [email protected]; Rissman, Adena R; Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of
Wisconsin-Madison; [email protected]; Seifert, Jenny; Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin-Madison;
[email protected]; Soylu, Evren; Department of Civil Engineering, Meliksah University; Nelson Institute for Sustainability and
the Global Environment, University of Wisconsin-Madison; [email protected]; Turner, Monica; Department of Zoology,
University of Wisconsin-Madison; turnermg @ wisc.edu; Wardropper, Chloe B; Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies,
University of Wisconsin-Madison; [email protected].
Agricultural watersheds are affected by changes in climate, land use, agricultural practices, and human demand for energy, food,
and water resources. In this context, we analyzed the agricultural, urbanizing Yahara watershed (size: 1345 km²,
population: 372,000) to assess its responses to multiple changing drivers. We measured recent trends in land use/cover and water
quality of the watershed, spatial patterns of 10 ecosystem services, and spatial patterns and nestedness of governance. We
developed scenarios for the future of the Yahara watershed by integrating trends and events from the global scenarios literature,
perspectives of stakeholders, and models of biophysical drivers and ecosystem services. Four qualitative scenarios were created
to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Alternative futures; Climate; Ecosystem services; Eutrophication; Governance; Lakes; Land-use change;
Phosphorus; Scenarios.
Ano: 2015
Change and Identity in Complex Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cumming, Graeme S; University of Florida; [email protected]; Collier, John; University of KwaZulu-Natal;
[email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Complexity; Resilience; Identity; Adaptive cycle; Limitation; Replacement; Random walk; Evolution;
Ecosystem; Economy; Society; Social-ecological system; Metamodels.
Ano: 2005
Supporting and Enhancing Development of Heterogeneous Ecological Knowledge among Resource
Users in a Kenyan Seascape
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Crona, Beatrice Irene; Department of Systems Ecology; [email protected].
The heterogeneous nature of even small communities has been acknowledged, yet how such heterogeneity is reflected in local
ecological knowledge (LEK) among groups of resource users in a community is poorly studied. This study examines the
ecological knowledge held by fisher groups using differing gear and operating in different subsystems of a coastal seascape in
south Kenya. Knowledge is compared to that of nonfishing groups and is analyzed with respect to the scales of ecological
processes and disturbances affecting the ecosystem to identify mismatches of scale between local knowledge and ecological
processes, as well as points of convergence upon which emerging scientific and local community information exchange can build
and develop.
Results reveal...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Heterogeneous; Local ecological knowledge (LEK); Seascape; Kenya; East Africa; Artisanal fishery.
Ano: 2006
Collaborative Measurement of Performance of Jointly Managed Protected Areas in Northern
Australia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Stacey, Natasha; CDU; [email protected]; Izurieta, Arturo; Research Institute for the Environment and
Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University; [email protected]; Garnett, Stephen T; Research Institute for the Environment
and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University; [email protected].
Responsibility for the management of many protected areas in the Northern Territory, Australia, is shared between the
management agency and the aboriginal owners of that land. We describe (1) the creation and types of indicators developed by
partners in a participatory process to measure management effectiveness, (2) the assessment method used to monitor progress, and
(3) the results of the first cycle of evaluations in four jointly managed parks. Although each pilot park area has distinctive features,
we were able to identify a set of twelve common indicators that were applied across the four park areas. The agreed indicators,
which were scored using a color scale to indicate level of achievement, were primarily concerned with process rather than
outcome,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Effectiveness; Indicators; Indigenous; Joint management; National parks; Participatory monitoring and
evaluation; Traditional owners.
Ano: 2013
Ecosystem Services, Governance, and Stakeholder Participation: an Introduction
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Paavola, Jouni ; University of Leeds; [email protected]; Hubacek, Klaus; Department of Geographical Sciences,
University of Maryland; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive; Ecosystem services; Governance; Participation; Payment for ecosystem services; Protected areas;
Resilience; Social-ecological systems; Stakeholders.
Ano: 2013
Impacts of Unsustainable Mahogany Logging in Bolivia and Peru
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kometter, Roberto F; Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina; [email protected]; Martinez,
Martha; Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International; [email protected]; Blundell, Arthur G;
EGAT Forest Team, USAID; [email protected]; Gullison, Raymond E; Hardner & Gullison Associates;
[email protected]; Steininger, Marc K; Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International;
[email protected]; Rice, Richard E; Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International;
[email protected].
Although bigleaf mahogany [Swietenia macrophylla King (Meliaceae)] is the premier timber species of Latin America, its
exploitation is unsustainable because of a pattern of local depletion and shifting supply. We surveyed experts on the status of
mahogany in Bolivia and Peru, the world's past and present largest exporters. Bolivia no longer has commercially viable
mahogany (trees > 60 cm diameter at breast height) across 79% of its range. In Peru, mahogany's range has shrunk by
50%, and, within a decade, a further 28% will be logged out. Approximately 15% of the mahogany range in these two countries is
protected, but low densities and illegal logging mean that this overestimates the extent of mahogany under protection. The
international community...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bolivia; Latin America; Peru; Expert survey; Forest conservation; Forest inventories; Forest regeneration;
Mahogany; Protected areas; Questionnaire; Range; Sustainable forestry.
Ano: 2004
Can Road-Crossing Structures Improve Population Viability of an Urban Gliding Mammal?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Taylor, Brendan D.; Southern Cross University; Griffith University; [email protected]; Goldingay, Ross L.;
Southern Cross University; [email protected].
Tree-dwelling mammals are potentially highly vulnerable to discontinuities in habitat created by roads. We used population
modeling to assess the viability of a metapopulation of Australia’s largest gliding marsupial, the greater glider
(Petauroides volans), occurring in forest remnants in the fastest-urbanizing region of Australia, where habitat is dissected by major
roads. Crossing structures for arboreal mammals (consisting of a land bridge with wooden poles for gliding and adjacent rope
canopy bridges) have been installed over an arterial road that separates two of these remnants (one large, one small). It is currently
unknown whether this species will use the crossing structures, but available tree height and spacing do not allow a glide...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Crossing structures; Gliding mammals; Modeling; Motorways; Population viability analysis.
Ano: 2009
Seasonal Climate Variation and Caribou Availability: Modeling Sequential Movement Using
Satellite-Relocation Data
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nicolson, Craig; Department of Natural Resources Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst ;
[email protected]; Berman, Matthew; Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Alaska Anchorage;
[email protected]; West, Colin Thor; Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill ;
[email protected]; Kofinas, Gary P.; Department of Humans and Environment and Institute of Arctic Biology, University of
Alaska, Fairbanks ; [email protected]; Griffith, Brad; U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife
Research Unit; Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks; [email protected]; Russell, Don; CircumArtic
Rangifer Monitoring and Assessment Network (CARMA); [email protected]; Dugan, Darcy; Alaska Ocean Observing
System; [email protected].
Livelihood systems that depend on mobile resources must constantly adapt to change. For people living in permanent settlements,
environmental changes that affect the distribution of a migratory species may reduce the availability of a primary food source,
with the potential to destabilize the regional social-ecological system. Food security for Arctic indigenous peoples harvesting
barren ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) depends on movement patterns of migratory herds. Quantitative assessments of
physical, ecological, and social effects on caribou distribution have proven difficult because of the significant interannual
variability in seasonal caribou movement patterns. We developed and evaluated a modeling approach for simulating the
distribution...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Caribou; Markovian; Migration; Rangifer tarandus granti; Seasonal distribution; Simulation; Subsistence
hunting.
Ano: 2013
Melillo, J. M., C. B. Field, and B. Moldan. 2003. Interactions of the Major Biogeochemical Cycles:
Global Changes and Human Impacts. SCOPE Report 61. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Moore, Tim; McGill University; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2004
The Question of Scale in Integrated Natural Resource Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lovell, Chris; Centre for Ecology and Hydrology; c&[email protected]; Mandondo, Alois; ;
[email protected]; Moriarty, Patrick; ; [email protected].
Lessons from integrated natural resource management (INRM) practiced at different scales are reviewed, with a focus on
catchment management. INRM is complex, and many interactions have to be addressed. Consequently, the scale of investigation
can restrict the generality and utility of the findings. Examples show that temporal, biophysical, and institutional scales can each
be critical. Contexts and dynamics associated with particular scales, and interactions or lateral flows that become important with
increasing scale, also pose serious challenges. A conceptual framework is presented for scaling issues in INRM and how to deal
with them. To benefit many people over large areas within sensible time frames requires considerable political will, investment,
and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Common property management; Community-based natural resource management; Devolution; Going to scale;
Integrated catchment management; Integrated natural resource management; Integrated water resource management; Participatory
watershed development; Scaling-out; Scaling-up; Spatial scale; Temporal scale.
Ano: 2002
Drivers of Ecological Restoration: Lessons from a Century of Restoration in Iceland
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Aradóttir, Ása L.; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland;
[email protected]; Petursdottir, Thorunn; Soil Conservation Service of Iceland; Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES),
European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC); [email protected]; Halldorsson, Gudmundur; Soil Conservation
Service of Iceland; [email protected]; Svavarsdottir, Kristin; Soil Conservation Service of Iceland;
[email protected]; Arnalds, Olafur; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Birch woodlands; Drivers; Ecological restoration; Heathlands; Land degradation; Revegetation; Soil erosion;
Wetlands.
Ano: 2013
Implications of Biodiesel-Induced Land-Use Changes for CO2 Emissions: Case Studies in Tropical
America, Africa, and Southeast Asia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Achten, Wouter M. J.; Department Earth and Environmental Sciences, K.U.Leuven; Centre for International Forestry
Research (CIFOR); [email protected]; Verchot, Louis V; Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR);
[email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Carbon; Carbon debt; Greenhouse gas; Life-cycle assessment; Repayment time.
Ano: 2011
Trade-offs in nature tourism: contrasting parcel-level decisions with landscape conservation planning
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Allen, Karen E; University of Georgia; [email protected].
A challenge for landscape planning is to understand how trade-offs are differently negotiated across privately held parcels and
how economic incentives for conservation affect these trade-offs. I used the efficiency frontier framework to explore the trade-offs
associated with the nature tourism industry, an economic incentive for conservation, in Monteverde, Costa Rica. I modeled
regional changes in forest cover from 1985 through 2009, dates that coincide with the boom in the nature tourism industry.
Interview data were used to understand the social context of these forest cover changes and the negotiation of trade-offs from the
perspective of individual parcel owners. The results suggest that nature tourism can provide a win-win conservation scenario on...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Efficiency frontier; Nature tourism; Trade-offs.
Ano: 2015
Applying the system viability framework for cross-scalar governance of nested social-ecological
systems in the Guiana Shield, South America
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Berardi, Andrea; The Open University; [email protected]; Mistry, Jayalaxshmi; Royal Holloway University of
London; [email protected]; Bignante, Elisa; Department of Cultures, Politics and Society, University of Torino;
[email protected]; Davis, Odacy; Iwokrama International Centre; [email protected]; Haynes, Lakeram; North Rupununi
District Development Board; [email protected]; Benjamin, Ryan; North Rupununi District Development Board;
[email protected]; Albert, Grace; North Rupununi District Development Board; [email protected]; Xavier,
Rebecca; North Rupununi District Development Board; [email protected]; Jafferally, Deirdre; Iwokrama International
Centre; [email protected].
Linking and analyzing governance of natural resources at different scales requires the development of a conceptual framework for
analyzing social-ecological systems that can be easily applied by a range of stakeholders whose interests lie at different scales, but
where the results of the analysis can be compared in a straightforward way. We outline the system viability framework, which
allows participants to characterize a range of strategies in response to environment challenges for maintaining the long-term
survival of their particular system of interest. Working in the Guiana Shield, South America, and with a range of local, regional,
and international stakeholders, our aim was to use system viability to (1) investigate synergies and conflicts between...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Brazil; Environmental governance; Guiana Shield; Guyana; Natural resource management; Participatory video;
Sustainability indicators; System viability.
Ano: 2015
Sensemaking: a complexity perspective
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lynam, Timothy; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO); Reflecting Society; James
Cook University; [email protected]; Fletcher, Chris; Emerging Options; [email protected].
Our intent was to provide a methodological overview of the primary data collection process in support of the other articles in this
special issue. We documented and illustrated the use of a data collection and analysis suite, SenseMaker, that was designed to
collect and work with narrative fragments. The approach presented adds a new and inherently mixed tool to the mixed methods
toolbox. Despite its novelty and potential utility, little has been written in the academic literature on the application of
SenseMaker to complex problems. To the best of our knowledge, the approach has not been used in relation to climate change or
climate change adaptation and has not been presented in the mixed methods literature. We sought to contribute to filling this gap...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; Complexity; Micronarratives; Mixed methods approach; Narratives; Sensemaking;
Stages of change (SOC); Transtheoretical model.
Ano: 2015
Toward a Panther-centered View of the Forests of South Florida
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kerkhoff, Andrew J; University of New Mexico; [email protected]; Milne, Bruce T; University of New Mexico;
[email protected]; Maehr, David S; University of Kentucky; [email protected].
Anthropogenic habitat degradation and loss is the single largest threat to the endangered Florida panther, Puma concolor coryi.
Conservation of the subspecies must be undertaken on the scale of the entire landscape. Thus, a view of the forested landscape of
South Florida must be developed that is meaningful with reference to the panther. We approach this problem by analyzing the
spatial interactions of panthers and forests at multiple scales. We apply tools derived from fractal geometry to the analysis of 12
years of telemetry observations of panthers and remotely sensed forest cover imagery. A fractal characterization extends
conventional scale-dependent measures of forest density and relates intuitively to panther ecology. To move toward a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Puma concolor coryi; Florida panther; Anthropogenic disturbance; Conditional mapping; Controls on
distribution; Fractal analysis; Habitat selection; Landscape conservation; Organism-centered landscapes; Scale dependence;
Telemetry.
Ano: 2000
Seabirds as a subsistence and cultural resource in two remote Alaskan communities
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Young, Rebecca C.; Department of Biology and Wildlife, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks;
[email protected]; Kitaysky, Alexander S.; Department of Biology and Wildlife, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of
Alaska Fairbanks; [email protected]; Carothers, Courtney; School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska
Fairbanks; [email protected]; Dorresteijn, Ine; Department of Biology and Wildlife, Institute of Arctic Biology, University
of Alaska Fairbanks; [email protected].
Small rural Alaskan communities face many challenges surrounding rapid social and ecological change. The role of local
subsistence resources may change over time because of changes in social perception, economic need, and cultural patterns of use.
We look at the Bering Sea’s Pribilof Islands, comprising two very small communities, and investigate the
relationship between the local residents and seabirds as a natural resource. Seabirds may strengthen ties to older ways of life and
have potential for future economic opportunities, or modernization may direct interest away from seabirds as a cultural and
economic resource. We conducted a survey and interviews of residents of the two Pribilof Island communities, St. Paul and St.
George, to assess...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Aleut; Pribilof Islands; Seabird; Subsistence; Survey; Tourism.
Ano: 2014
Green Light for Nocturnally Migrating Birds
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Poot, Hanneke; Max Planck Institute for Ornithology; [email protected]; Ens, Bruno J.; SOVON Dutch
Centre for Field Ornithology; [email protected]; de Vries, Han; Utrecht University; [email protected]; Donners, Maurice A.
H.; Philips Lighting; [email protected]; Wernand, Marcel R.; Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research;
[email protected]; Marquenie, Joop M.; Shell EP Europe (NAM B.V.); [email protected].
The nighttime sky is increasingly illuminated by artificial light sources. Although this ecological light pollution is damaging
ecosystems throughout the world, the topic has received relatively little attention. Many nocturnally migrating birds die or lose a
large amount of their energy reserves during migration as a result of encountering artificial light sources. This happens, for
instance, in the North Sea, where large numbers of nocturnally migrating birds are attracted to the many offshore platforms. Our
aim is to develop bird-friendly artificial lighting that meets human demands for safety but does not attract and disorient birds. Our
current working hypothesis is that artificial light interferes with the magnetic compass of the birds, one of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Artificial light; Bird-friendly lighting; Ecological light pollution; Light color; Magnetic compass; Nocturnally
migrating birds; Orientation.
Ano: 2008
Patch Size and Population Density: the Effect of Immigration Behavior
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bowman, Jeff; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources; [email protected]; Cappuccino, Naomi; Carleton
University; [email protected]; Fahrig, Lenore; Carleton University; [email protected].
Many habitat fragmentation experiments make the prediction that animal population density will be positively related to fragment,
or patch, size. The mechanism that is supposed to result in this prediction is unclear, but several recent reviews have demonstrated
that population density often is negatively related to patch size. Immigration behavior is likely to have an important effect on
population density for species that do not show strong edge effects, for species that have low emigration rates, and during
short-term habitat fragmentation experiments. We consider the effect that different kinds of immigration behaviors will have on
population density and we demonstrate that only a minority of possible scenarios produce positive density vs. patch size...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Colonization; Connectivity; Dispersal; Edge; Emigration; Experiment; Fragmentation; Immigration;
Individuals-area relationships; Insular; Island biogeography; Landscape.
Ano: 2002
Education, Vulnerability, and Resilience after a Natural Disaster
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Frankenberg, Elizabeth; Duke University; [email protected]; Sikoki, Bondan; SurveyMeter;
[email protected]; Sumantri, Cecep; SurveyMeter; [email protected]; Suriastini, Wayan; SurveyMeter;
[email protected]; Thomas, Duncan; Duke University; [email protected].
The extent to which education provides protection in the face of a large-scale natural disaster is investigated. Using longitudinal
population-representative survey data collected in two provinces on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia, before and after the 2004
Indian Ocean tsunami, we examine changes in a broad array of indicators of well-being of adults. Focusing on adults who were
living, before the tsunami, in areas that were subsequently severely damaged by the tsunami, better educated males were more
likely to survive the tsunami, but education is not predictive of survival among females. Education is not associated with levels of
post-traumatic stress among survivors 1 year after the tsunami, or with the likelihood of being displaced. Where education...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Development; Disaster; Education; Resilience; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2013
Road Impacts on Abundance, Call Traits, and Body Size of Rainforest Frogs in Northeast Australia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hoskin, Conrad J.; Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia; [email protected]; Goosem,
Miriam W.; James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia; [email protected].
Frogs are potentially sensitive indicators of road impacts, with studies indicating particular susceptibility to road mortality.
Calling, i.e., breeding, behavior could also be affected by traffic noise. We investigated effects on frog abundance and calling
behavior where a busy highway crosses rainforest stream breeding habitat in northeast Australia. Frog abundance was repeatedly
surveyed along five stream transects during a summer breeding season. Abundance of two species, Litoria rheocola and
Austrochaperina pluvialis, increased significantly with perpendicular distance from the road along two transects. No trends in
abundance were detected for A. pluvialis on two other transects where it was common, or for Litoria serrata on one transect
where...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Call frequency; Call masking; Litoria rheocola; Road kill; Stream; Traffic noise.
Ano: 2010
Collective action and the risk of ecosystem regime shifts: insights from a laboratory experiment
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schill, Caroline; The Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; Stockholm
Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; [email protected]; Lindahl, Therese; The Beijer Institute of Ecological
Economics, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University;
[email protected].
Ecosystems can undergo regime shifts that potentially lead to a substantial decrease in the availability of provisioning ecosystem
services. Recent research suggests that the frequency and intensity of regime shifts increase with growing anthropogenic pressure,
so understanding the underlying social-ecological dynamics is crucial, particularly in contexts where livelihoods depend heavily
on local ecosystem services. In such settings, ecosystem services are often derived from common-pool resources. The limited
capacity to predict regime shifts is a major challenge for common-pool resource management, as well as for systematic empirical
analysis of individual and group behavior, because of the need for extensive preshift and postshift data. Unsurprisingly,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Common-pool resources; Cooperation; Ecological dynamics; Laboratory experiments; Regime shifts; Risk;
Social-ecological systems; Thresholds; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2015
Anticipatory Learning for Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tschakert, Petra; Department of Geography; Earth and Environmental Systems Institute (EESI), Pennsylvania State
University; [email protected]; Dietrich, Kathleen Ann; Department of Geography, Pennsylvania State University; [email protected].
This paper is a methodological contribution to emerging debates on the role of learning, particularly forward-looking
(anticipatory) learning, as a key element for adaptation and resilience in the context of climate change. First, we describe two
major challenges: understanding adaptation as a process and recognizing the inadequacy of existing learning tools, with a specific
focus on high poverty contexts and complex livelihood-vulnerability risks. Then, the article examines learning processes from a
dynamic systems perspective, comparing theoretical aspects and conceptual advances in resilience thinking and action
research/learning (AR/AL). Particular attention is paid to learning loops (cycles), critical reflection, spaces for learning, and
power....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Anticipatory capacity; Action research/learning; Climatic uncertainty; Iterative learning; Reflection; Learning
spaces; Scenarios; Development.
Ano: 2010
The role of strong-tie social networks in mediating food security of fish resources by a traditional
riverine community in the Brazilian Amazon
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fillion, Myriam; Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade de Brasília; Centre de
recherche interdisciplinaire sur le bien-être, la santé, la société et
l’environnement (CINBIOSE), Université du Québec à Montréal;
Department of Biology, University of Ottawa; [email protected]; Saint-Charles, Johanne; Centre de recherche
interdisciplinaire sur le bien-être, la santé, la société et l’environnement
(CINBIOSE), Université du Québec à Montréal; Faculté de
communication, Université du Québec à Montréal; [email protected];
Mongeau, Pierre; Faculté de communication, Université du Québec à
Montréal; [email protected]; Mergler, Donna; Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire sur le
bien-être, la santé, la société et l’environnement (CINBIOSE),
Université du Québec à Montréal; [email protected].
Social networks are a significant way through which rural communities that manage resources under common property regimes
obtain food resources. Previous research on food security and social network analysis has mostly focused on egocentric network
data or proxy variables for social networks to explain how social relations contribute to the different dimensions of food security.
Whole-network approaches have the potential to contribute to former studies by revealing how individual social ties aggregate
into complex structures that create opportunities or constraints to the sharing and distribution of food resources. We used a
whole-network approach to investigate the role of network structure in contributing to the four dimensions of food security: food...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Amazon; Common property regimes; Community-based management; Fish consumption; Food security;
Mercury; Natural resource management; Social networks; Strong ties.
Ano: 2015
Controversies and consensus on the lionfish invasion in the Western Atlantic Ocean
Provedor de dados: 7
This study investigates how the lionfish (Pterois sp.) invasion of the Western Atlantic Ocean has been socially constructed by
natural scientists, the media, and stakeholders associated with various marine protected areas in the Caribbean. By examining the
use of data and metaphors by these actors, I identify where invasion discourses converge and diverge. Although consensus exists
regarding the non-nativeness, introduction vector, and successful establishment of lionfish throughout the region, I also identify
uncertainty surrounding lionfish impact and controversies regarding lionfish management and control. The dominant discourse
frames lionfish as a threat and control efforts as a war to keep the enemy at bay, and promotes lionfish hunting and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Data; Discourse analysis; Invasive lionfish; Marine protected areas; Metaphors.
Ano: 2015
Resilient Management: Comments on "Ecological and Social Dynamics in Simple Models of
Ecosystem Management" by S. R. Carpenter, W. A. Brock, and P. Hanson.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gunderson, Lance; Emory University; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1999
Marsh Creation in a Northern Pacific Estuary: Is Thirteen Years of Monitoring Vegetation Dynamics
Enough?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dawe, Neil K; Canadian Wildlife Service; [email protected]; Bradfield, Gary E; University of British Columbia;
[email protected]; Boyd, W. Sean; Canadian Wildlife Service; [email protected]; Trethewey, Donald E. C.; Canadian
Wildlife Service;; Zolbrod, A. Nana; University of British Columbia; [email protected].
Vegetation changes were monitored over a 13-yr period (1982-1994) in the Campbell River estuary following the development of
marshes on four intertidal islands. The marshes were created to mitigate the loss of a natural estuarine marsh resulting from the
construction of a dry land log-sorting facility. Plant species coverage was measured along 23 permanent transects in planted and
unplanted blocks on the constructed islands, and in naturally occurring low-marsh and mid-to-high marsh reference communities
on nearby Nunn’s Island. Five dominant species, Carex lyngbyei, Juncus balticus, Potentilla pacifica, Deschampsia
caespitosa, and Eleocharis palustris established successfully and increased in cover in both planted and unplanted areas. The...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management of ecosystems; Carex lyngbyei; Deschampsia caespitosa; Eleocharis palustris; Estuarine
marsh creation; Juncus balticus; Long-term vegetation dynamics; Mitigation cautions; Natural vs. constructed wetlands; Potentilla
pacifica; Restoration ecology; Wetland creation.
Ano: 2000
Grazing game: a learning tool for adaptive management in response to climate variability in semiarid
areas of Ghana
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Villamor, Grace B; Department of Ecology and Natural Resources Management, Center for Development Research,
University of Bonn; [email protected]; Badmos, Biola K; Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria; [email protected].
In West Africa, the most extreme predicted effects of climate change are expected to occur in desert and grassland areas. It is
crucial for local populations in this region to better understand what such projections signify to them to identify sound adaptation
policies and interventions. We developed a game, called the “grazing game,” and conducted trials with
local farmers at multiple study sites as a learning tool to better understand their behavior in response to climate variability under
semiarid conditions in West Africa and to facilitate social learning. The grazing game was designed to reveal the processes that
lead to overgrazing and desertification based on the players’ interactions with environmental conditions and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Anticipatory learning; Coping strategies; Dry lands; Local ecological knowledge; Overgrazing; Rainfall
fluctuations; Role-playing games.
Ano: 2016
A Toolkit Modeling Approach for Sustainable Forest Management Planning: Achieving Balance
between Science and Local Needs
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sturtevant, Brian R.; Northern Research Station, U.S. Forest Service; [email protected]; Fall, Andrew; Gowlland
Technologies Ltd; [email protected]; Simon, Neal P. P.; Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Natural Resources;
[email protected]; Morgan, Don G.; British Columbia Ministry of Forests; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Decision support; Ecosystem management; Forest sustainability; Interdisciplinary modeling; Land planning;
Participatory modeling; Scaling.
Ano: 2007
History and Local Management of a Biodiversity-Rich, Urban Cultural Landscape
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Barthel, Stephan; Stockholm University; [email protected]; Colding, Johan; Beijer International Institute of
Ecological Economics; [email protected]; Elmqvist, Thomas; Stockholm University; [email protected]; Folke, Carl;
Stockholm University; [email protected].
Urban green spaces provide socially valuable ecosystem services. Through an historical analysis of the development of the
National Urban Park (NUP) of Stockholm, we illustrate how the co-evolutionary process of humans and nature has resulted in the
high level of biological diversity and associated recreational services found in the park. The ecological values of the area are
generated in the cultural landscape. External pressures resulting in urban sprawl in the Stockholm metropolitan region
increasingly challenge the capacity of the NUP to continue to generate valuable ecosystem services. Setting aside protected areas,
without accounting for the role of human stewardship of the cultural landscape, will most likely fail. In a social inventory of the
area,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Local management; Nationalstadsparken; Resilience; Social-ecological system; Stockholm
Urban Park; Urban ecology.
Ano: 2005
Finding a PATH toward Scientific Collaboration: Insights from the Columbia River Basin
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Marmorek, David; ESSA Technologies Ltd.; [email protected]; Peters, Calvin; ESSA Technologies Ltd.;
[email protected].
Observed declines in the Snake River basin salmon stocks, listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA), have been
attributed to multiple causes: the hydrosystem, hatcheries, habitat, harvest, and ocean climate. Conflicting and competing analyses
by different agencies led the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) in 1995 to create the Plan for Analyzing and Testing
Hypotheses (PATH), a collaborative interagency analytical process. PATH included about 30 fisheries scientists from a dozen
agencies, as well as independent participating scientists and a technical facilitation team. PATH had some successes and some
failures in meeting its objectives. Some key lessons learned from these successes and failures were to: (1) build trust through
independent...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Analytical framework; Collaborative process; Columbia River; Decision analysis;
Endangered species; Hydrosystem; Multi-agency research; Salmon management; Snake River.
Ano: 2001
Linking Hunter Knowledge with Forest Change to Understand Changing Deer Harvest Opportunities
in Intensively Logged Landscapes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Brinkman, Todd J; University of Alaska-Fairbanks; [email protected]; Chapin, Terry; University of Alaska-Fairbanks;
[email protected]; Kofinas, Gary; University of Alaska-Fairbanks; [email protected]; Person, David K; Alaska Department of
Fish and Game; [email protected].
The effects of landscape changes caused by intensive logging on the availability of wild game are important when the harvest of
wild game is a critical cultural practice, food source, and recreational activity. We assessed the influence of extensive industrial
logging on the availability of wild game by drawing on local knowledge and ecological science to evaluate the relationship
between forest change and opportunities to harvest Sitka black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis) on Prince of Wales
Island, Alaska. We used data collected through interviews with local deer hunters and GIS analysis of land cover to determine
relationships among landscape change, hunter access, and habitat for deer hunting over the last 50 yr. We then used these...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Access; Forest change; Hunting; Local knowledge; Logging; Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis; Sitka black-tailed
deer; Subsistence.
Ano: 2009
Integrative Scenario Development
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Priess, Joerg A.; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department Computational Landscape Ecology;
[email protected]; Hauck, Jennifer; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department Environmental Policy;
[email protected].
Scenarios are employed to address a large number of future environmental and socioeconomic challenges. We present a
conceptual framework for the development of scenarios to integrate the objectives of different stakeholder groups. Based on the
framework, land-use scenarios were developed to provide a common base for further research. At the same time, these scenarios
assisted regional stakeholders to bring forward their concerns and arrive at a shared understanding of challenges between
scientific and regional stakeholders, which allowed them to eventually support regional decision making. The focus on the
integration of views and knowledge domains of different stakeholder groups, such as scientists and practitioners, required rigorous
and repeated...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Interdisciplinary research; Participatory process; Quality control; Regional scale; Transdisciplinary research.
Ano: 2014
The spread and maturation of strategic adaptive management within and beyond South African
national parks
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Freitag, Stefanie; Scientific Services, South African National Parks; [email protected]; Biggs, Harry;
Conservation Services, South African National Parks; [email protected]; Breen, Charles; School of Agricultural, Earth and
Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal; [email protected].
Natural resource management is embedded within social-ecological environments and requires decisions to be taken within this
broad context, including those that pertain to protected areas. This realization has led to South African National Parks adopting a
strategic adaptive management approach to decision making. Through narrative, we show why and how this practice has
progressively spread and evolved both within the organization and beyond, over the past two decades. A number of catalytic
events and synergies enabled a change from reactive tactical management approaches to more inclusive forward-looking
approaches able to embrace system complexity and associated uncertainty and change. We show how this long period of
innovation has lead to an increased...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Colearning; Kruger National Park; Protected area stewardship; Social-ecological
systems; Systems thinking.
Ano: 2014
Realizing water transitions: the role of policy entrepreneurs in water policy change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Huitema, Dave; Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University Amsterdam; [email protected];
Meijerink, Sander; Nijmegen School of Management, Radboud University Nijmegen; [email protected].
This special feature aims to further our understanding of the way in which transitions occur in water management. We contend
that if we want to understand such transitions, we need to understand policy change and its opposite, policy stability. These issues
have attracted considerable academic attention. Our interest is, however, very specific and thereby unique: we review the role that
(groups of) individuals play in the process of preparing, instigating, and implementing policy change. In this article, a review of
the literature on policy change provides the basis from which we extract a set of strategies which are available to policy
entrepreneurs. The questions for the rest of this special feature are first, can we detect the influence of policy...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Case studies; Policy change; Policy entrepreneurs; Transition management; Water management.
Ano: 2010
Mismatch Between Scales of Knowledge in Nepalese Forestry: Epistemology, Power, and Policy
Implications
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ahlborg, Helene; Environmental Systems Analysis, Chalmers University of Technology; [email protected];
Nightingale, Andrea J.; Institute of Geography and the Lived Environment, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh;
School of Global Studies, University of Gothenburgh; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Community forestry; Knowledge scales; Natural resource management; Nepal; Power; Scale.
Ano: 2012
Genetically Modified Crops: Risks and Promise
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Conway, Gordon; The Rockefeller Foundation; [email protected].
GM foods have the potential to provide significant benefits for developing countries. Over 800 million people are chronically
undernourished, and 180 million children are severely underweight for their age. By 2020, there will be an extra two billion
mouths to feed. Ecological approaches that underpin sustainable agriculture (e.g., integrated pest management) and participatory
approaches that strengthen farmers' own experimentation and decision making are key. Biotechnology will be an essential partner,
if yield ceilings are to be raised, if crops are to be grown without excessive reliance on pesticides, and if farmers on less favored
lands are to be provided with crops that are resistant to drought and salinity, and that can use nitrogen and other...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.); Food security; Genetically modified rice; GM foods; Intellectual property rights;
Marker-aided selection; Monsanto; Participatory approaches; Plant biotechnology; Plant variety protection; Terminator
technology; Vitamin A deficiency.
Ano: 2000
The Evolution of the Maine Lobster V-Notch Practice: Cooperation in a Prisoner's Dilemma Game
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Acheson, James; Department of Anthropology and School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine;
[email protected]; Gardner, Roy; Department of Economics, Indiana University; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Evolutionary game theory; Lobster; Maine; Prisoner's dilemma; V-notch program.
Ano: 2011
Resilience in Lower Columbia River Salmon Communities
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Martin, Irene E.; ; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Columbia River; Columbia River commercial fisheries; Columbia River fishing community; Commercial fishing
community social statistics; Columbia River gillnet fishery.
Ano: 2008
Anticipating Vulnerability to Climate Change in Dryland Pastoral Systems: Using Dynamic Systems
Models for the Kalahari
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dougill, Andrew J; University of Leeds; [email protected]; Fraser, Evan D.G.; University of Leeds;
[email protected]; Reed, Mark S.; University of Aberdeen; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Botswana; Climate change; Drought sensitivity; Dynamic systems modelling; Kalahari; Pastoral farming;
Vulnerability pathways.
Ano: 2010
Combining Science and Traditional Ecological Knowledge: Monitoring Populations for
Co-Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Moller, Henrik; University of Otago; [email protected]; Berkes, Fikret; University of Manitoba;
[email protected]; Lyver, Philip O'Brian; University of Otago; [email protected]; Kislalioglu, Mina;
University of Manitoba; [email protected].
Using a combination of traditional ecological knowledge and science to monitor populations can greatly assist co-management for
sustainable customary wildlife harvests by indigenous peoples. Case studies from Canada and New Zealand emphasize that,
although traditional monitoring methods may often be imprecise and qualitative, they are nevertheless valuable because they are
based on observations over long time periods, incorporate large sample sizes, are inexpensive, invite the participation of
harvesters as researchers, and sometimes incorporate subtle multivariate cross checks for environmental change. A few simple
rules suggested by traditional knowledge may produce good management outcomes consistent with fuzzy logic thinking. Science
can sometimes...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Catch per unit effort; Community-based conservation; Customary harvesting;
Indigenous people; Population monitoring; Sustainability; New Zealand; Canada.
Ano: 2004
Policy Entrepreneurs and Change Strategies: Lessons from Sixteen Case Studies of Water Transitions
around the Globe
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Meijerink, Sander; Nijmegen School of Management, Radboud University Nijmegen; [email protected]; Huitema,
Dave; Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University Amsterdam; [email protected].
This paper focuses on the role of policy entrepreneurs in realizing water policy transitions. The central questions are to what
extent have policy entrepreneurs played a role in realizing major change in water policies, who are these policy entrepreneurs, and
what strategies have they used to bring about change? The policy science literature suggests that policy entrepreneurs have an
"arsenal" of possible strategies for achieving change. Based on a comparative analysis of water policy changes in 15 countries
around the globe and the European Union, we investigate which strategies have in practice been used by policy entrepreneurs, to
what effect, and which lessons for managing water transitions we can draw from this. The comparative case analysis shows...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Change strategies; International comparison; Policy change; Policy entrepreneurs; Transition management;
Water management.
Ano: 2010
de Geus, M. 1999. Ecological Utopias: Envisioning the Sustainable Society. International Books,
Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Thiele, Leslie Paul; University of Florida; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2000
Managing social–ecological systems under uncertainty: implementation in the real world
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nuno, Ana; Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London; [email protected]; Bunnefeld, Nils;
School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling; [email protected]; Milner-Gulland, EJ; Department of Life Sciences,
Imperial College London; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bushmeat; Implementation uncertainty; Institutions; Knowing– Doing gap; Management strategy
evaluation; Protected area management; Serengeti; Social– Ecological modeling; Social networks; Stakeholders.
Ano: 2014
Resource Transitions and Energy Gain: Contexts of Organization
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tainter, Joseph A; USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station; [email protected]; Allen, T. F. H.;
University of Wisconsin-Madison; [email protected]; Little, Amanda; University of Wisconsin-Madison;
[email protected]; Hoekstra, Thomas W; USDA Forest Service, Inventory and Monitoring Institute;
[email protected].
Energy gain constrains resource use, social organization, and landscape organization in human and other living systems. Changes
in energy gain have common characteristics across living systems. We describe these commonalities in selected case studies
involving imperial taxation, fungus-farming ants, and North American beaver, and propose a suite of hypotheses for the
organization of systems that subsist on different levels of energy gain. Organizational constraints arising from energy gain predict
changes to settlement and organization in postcarbon societies.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Roman Empire; Beaver; Complexity; Energy; Energy gain; Fungus-farming ants; Leaf-cutting ants; Living
systems; Organization; Renewable resources; Resources; Solar energy.
Ano: 2003
Using Backcast Land-Use Change and Groundwater Travel-Time Models to Generate Land-Use
Legacy Maps for Watershed Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pijanowski, Bryan; Purdue University; [email protected]; Ray, Deepak K; Purdue University; [email protected];
Kendall, Anthony D; Michigan State University; [email protected]; Duckles, Jonah M; Purdue University;
[email protected]; Hyndman, David W; Michigan State University; [email protected].
We couple two spatial-temporal models, a backcast land-use change model and a groundwater flow model, to develop what we
call “land-use legacy maps.” We quantify how a land-use legacy map, created from maps of past land
use and groundwater travel times, differs from a current land-use map. We show how these map differences can affect land-use
planning and watershed management decisions at a variety of spatial and temporal scales. Our approach demonstrates that
land-use legacy maps provide a more accurate representation of the linkage between land use/cover and current water quality
compared to the current land-use map. We believe that the historical signatures of land-use impacts on current water quality
should be considered in land-use...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Land use; Legacy maps; Groundwater travel times; Backcast land change model.
Ano: 2007
From Scaling to Governance of the Land System: Bridging Ecological and Economic Perspectives
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Veldkamp, Tom; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation. University of Twente; [email protected];
Polman, Nico; LEI part of Wageningen UR (Agricultural Economics Research Institute); [email protected]; Reinhard, Stijn;
LEI part of Wageningen UR (Agricultural Economics Research Institute); [email protected]; Slingerland, Maja;
Wageningen University, Plant Production Systems Group; [email protected].
One of the main unresolved problems in policy making is the step from scale issues to effective governance. What is appropriate
for a lower level, such as a region or location, might be considered undesirable at a global scale. Linking scaling to governance is
an
important
issue
for
the
improvement
of
current
environmental
management
and
policies.
Whereas
social–ecological science tends to focus on adaptive behavior and aspects of spatial ecological data, new institutional
economics focuses more on levels in institutional scales and temporal dimensions. Consequently, both disciplines perceive
different scaling challenges while aiming at a similar improvement of effective governance. We propose that future research needs
to focus on four themes:...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Combined system perspective; Governance; New institutional economics; Scaling; Social–
Ecological sciences.
Ano: 2011
Adaptive Comanagement in the Venice Lagoon? An Analysis of Current Water and Environmental
Management Practices and Prospects for Change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Munaretto, Stefania; University IUAV of Venice, Faculty of Urban and Regional Planning, Venice, Italy; VU
University - Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), Amsterdam, Netherlands; [email protected]; Huitema, Dave;
VU University - Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), Amsterdam, Netherlands; [email protected].
Adaptive comanagement (ACM) is often suggested as a way of handling the modern challenges of environmental governance,
which include uncertainty and complexity. ACM is a novel combination of the learning dimension of adaptive management and
the linkage dimension of comanagement. As has been suggested, there is a need for more insight on enabling policy environments
for ACM success and failure. Picking up on this agenda we provide a case study of the world famous Venice lagoon in Italy. We
address the following questions: first, to what extent are four institutional prescriptions typically associated with ACM currently
practiced in the Venice system? Second, to what extent is learning taking place in the Venice system? Third, how is learning
related to the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptiveness; Comanagement; Governance; Institutions; Learning; Venice lagoon.
Ano: 2012
From barriers to limits to climate change adaptation: path dependency and the speed of change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Barnett, Jon; School of Geography, University of Melbourne; [email protected]; Evans, Louisa S; Geography,
College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral
Reef Studies, James Cook University; [email protected]; Gross, Catherine; Fenner School of Environment and Society,
Australian National University; [email protected]; Kiem, Anthony S; School of Environmental and Life Sciences,
University of Newcastle; [email protected]; Kingsford, Richard T.; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental
Sciences, University of New South Wales; [email protected]; Palutikof, Jean P.; National Climate Change
Adaptation Research Facility, Griffith University; [email protected]; Pickering, Catherine M; School of Environment,
Griffith University; [email protected]; Smithers, Scott G; College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook
University; [email protected].
Research on the barriers and limits to climate change adaptation identifies many factors, but describes few processes whereby
adaptation is constrained or may indeed fail to avoid catastrophic losses. It often assumes that barriers are by and large distinct
from limits to adaptation. We respond to recent calls for comparative studies that are able to further knowledge about the
underlying drivers of barriers and limits to adaptation. We compare six cases from across Australia, including those in alpine
areas, rivers, reefs, wetlands, small inland communities, and islands, with the aim of identifying common underlying drivers of
barriers and limits to adaptation. We find that the path-dependent nature of the institutions that govern natural resources and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Communities; Cultures; Ecosystems; Markets; Path dependence; Transformation; Values.
Ano: 2015
An Empirical Analysis of the Social and Ecological Outcomes of State Subsidies for Small-Scale
Fisheries: A Case Study from Chile
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cundill, Georgina; Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Aridas (CEAZA); [email protected]; Tapia,
Carlos; Universidad de La Serena; [email protected].
Small-scale fisheries, which are often associated with low levels of income and poor infrastructure, receive substantial funding
from governmental institutions worldwide. Very few empirical studies have explored the outcomes of these investments for
people and ecosystems. This paper presents the findings of a study aimed at assessing the social and ecological outcomes of
government subsidies for small-scale fisheries through an analysis of 32 fishing villages, referred to as caletas, in Chile over a
12-year period. Findings suggest that the funding appears to be higher for those caletas with the highest value landings and is
unrelated to socioeconomic need or poverty; that caletas in rural areas receive less investment than their urban counterparts; that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Chile; Small-scale fisheries; Subsidies.
Ano: 2011
ARDI: A Co-construction Method for Participatory Modeling in Natural Resources Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Etienne, Michel; INRA-Ecodevelopment Unit; [email protected]; Du Toit, Derick R; AWARD;
[email protected]; Pollard, Sharon; AWARD; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Co-construction; Collective mental model; Conceptual model; Facilitation; Natural resources management;
Participatory modeling.
Ano: 2011
Agents, Individuals, and Networks: Modeling Methods to Inform Natural Resource Management in
Regional Landscapes
Provedor de dados: 7
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agent-based modeling; Complex systems; Individual-based modeling; Integrated natural resource management;
Landscape modeling; Regional landscapes; Social-ecological networks.
Ano: 2012
Kenyan pastoralist societies in transition: varying perceptions of the value of ecosystem services
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kaye-Zwiebel, Eva; Resource Development Associates; [email protected]; King, Elizabeth; Odum School of
Ecology and Warnell School of Forestry & Natural Resources, University of Georgia; [email protected].
In the drylands of northern Kenya, as elsewhere in Africa, traditional pastoralist social-ecological systems are undergoing
profound transformations. Diminishing resource availability, changing social values and governance systems, and new resource
management institutions challenge the capacity of communities for effective common pool resource management.
Individuals’ values and environmental perceptions play a substantial role in decision making regarding resource use
and management. Additionally, social capital within communities can influence cooperative and adaptive resource management.
We studied five Laikipia Maasai communities in Kenya, which share a common natural environment, history, and political
organization. We surveyed...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Common pool resources; Conservation; Grazing; Pastoralism; Social capital.
Ano: 2014
Trends and Future Potential of Payment for Ecosystem Services to Alleviate Rural Poverty in
Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Milder, Jeffrey C; Cornell University; Ecoagriculture Partners; [email protected]; Scherr, Sara J; Ecoagriculture
Partners; [email protected]; Bracer, Carina; Climate Focus; [email protected].
Payment for ecosystem services (PES) is a market-based approach to environmental management that compensates land stewards
for ecosystem conservation and restoration. Because low-income households and communities control much of the ecologically
sensitive land in developing countries, they potentially stand to gain from PES, as environmentally responsible stewardship is
assigned a value by various actors in society. To date, however, instances of PES benefiting the poor have been limited mainly to
specific localities, small-scale projects, and a handful of broader government programs. We analyze the size, characteristics, and
trends of PES to evaluate its future potential to benefit low-income land stewards in developing countries. We estimate that by
the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Carbon sequestration; Eco-certification; Market development; Market policy;
Payment for ecosystem services; Payment for environmental services; Poverty alleviation; Rural development; Watershed
protection.
Ano: 2010
Social Learning in European River-Basin Management: Barriers and Fostering Mechanisms from 10
River Basins
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mostert, Erik; Delft University of Technology; [email protected]; Rees, Yvonne; WRc;
[email protected]; Searle, Brad; WRc;; Tippett, Joanne; University of Manchester; [email protected].
We present and analyze 10 case studies of participatory river-basin management that were conducted as part of the European
HarmoniCOP project. The main theme was social learning, which emphasizes the importance of collaboration, organization, and
learning. The case studies show that social learning in river-basin management is not an unrealistic ideal. Resistance to social
learning was encountered, but many instances of social learning were found, and several positive results were identified.
Moreover, 71 factors fostering or hindering social learning were identified; these could be grouped into eight themes: the role of
stakeholder involvement, politics and institutions, opportunities for interaction, motivation and skills of leaders and facilitators,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collaboration; Europe; Public participation; River-basin management; Social learning.
Ano: 2007
Hunting for Livelihood in Northeast Gabon: Patterns, Evolution, and Sustainability
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Vliet, Nathalie; Center for International Forestry Research; [email protected]; Nasi, Robert; Center for
International Forestry Research; [email protected].
We suggest an ethno-biological approach to analyze the cultural and social drivers of hunting activities and assess sustainability in
villages near Makokou, northeast Gabon, based on interviews with hunters, participatory mapping of hunting territories, and daily
records of offtakes for 1 yr. Hunting in villages of northeast Gabon is practiced for both local consumption and cash income to
cover basic family expenses. There appears to be no clear tendency to abandon subsistence hunting for commercial hunting as in
other regions of Africa. Cultural and socioeconomic factors explain the temporal and spatial variation in hunting activities.
Hunting increases in the dry season during circumcision ceremonies, when it is practiced mainly at > 10 km from...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ethno-biological approach; Hunting impact; Hunting practices; Northeast Gabon; Spatial and temporal patterns;
Sustainability assessments.
Ano: 2008
Does Integrated Water Resources Management Support Institutional Change? The Case of Water
Policy Reform in Israel
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fischhendler, Itay; Department of Geography, Hebrew University of Jerusalem; [email protected]; Heikkila, Tanya;
School of Public Affairs, University of Colorado Denver; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Integrated water resources management; Institutional change and adaptation; Water policy; Israel.
Ano: 2010
Intermediate Collaborative Adaptive Management Strategies Build Stakeholder Capacity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Monroe, Martha C.; School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida; [email protected]; Plate,
Richard; School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida; [email protected]; Oxarart, Annie; School of
Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida; [email protected].
Efforts to implement collaborative adaptive management (CAM) often suffer from challenges, such as an unwillingness of
managers to share power, unresolved conflicts between stakeholders, and lack of capacity among stakeholders. Some aspects
considered essential to CAM, e.g., trust and stakeholder capacity, may be more usefully viewed as goals for intermediate
strategies rather than a set of initial conditions. From this perspective, intermediate steps that focus on social learning and building
experience could overcome commonly cited barriers to CAM. An exploration of Springs Basin Working Groups, organized
around major clusters of freshwater springs in north Florida, provides a case study of how these intermediate steps enable
participants to become more...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collaborative adaptive management; Florida USA; Public participation; Reasonable Person Model; Social
learning; Stakeholder capacity.
Ano: 2013
On the nature of keystone species
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Vanclay, Jerome; Southern Cross University; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1999
Cumulative Effects Planning: Finding the Balance Using Choice Experiments
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Spyce, Amanda; Department of Energy, Government of Alberta; [email protected]; Weber, Marian; Alberta
Innovates Technology Futures; [email protected]; Adamowicz, Wiktor; Department of Rural Economy,
University of Alberta; [email protected].
Cumulative effects management requires understanding the environmental impacts of development and finding the right balance
between social, economic, and environmental objectives. We explored the use of choice experiments to elicit preferences for
competing social, economic, and ecological outcomes in order to rank land and resource development options. The experiments
were applied in the Southeast Yukon, a remote and resource rich region in Northern Canada with a relatively large aboriginal
population. The case study addresses two issues of concern in cumulative effects management: the willingness to discount future
environmental costs for immediate development benefits, and the existence of limits of acceptable change for communities
affected by...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2012
The Myths of Restoration Ecology
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hilderbrand, Robert H; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Appalachian Laboratory;
[email protected]; Watts, Adam C; University of Florida; [email protected]; Randle, April M; University of
Pittsburgh; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Carbon copy; Command and control; Cookbook; Ecological restoration; Fast forward; Field of dreams; Myths;
Resilience; Restoration ecology; Sisyphus complex.
Ano: 2005
Monitoring Impacts of Natural Resource Extraction on Lemurs of the Masoala Peninsula,
Madagascar
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Merenlender, Adina; University of California, Berkeley; [email protected]; Kremen, Claire; Center for
Conservation Biology and Wildlife Conservation Society; [email protected]; Rakotondratsima, Marius; Wildlife
Conservation Society, Madagascar; [email protected]; Weiss, Andrew; Center for Conservation Biology;
[email protected].
Monitoring the influence of human actions on flagship species is an important part of conserving biodiversity, because the
information gained is crucial for the development and adaptation of conservation management plans. On the Masoala Peninsula in
Madagascar, we are monitoring the two largest prosimian species, Eulemur fulvus albifrons and Varecia variegata rubra, at
disturbed and undisturbed forest sites to determine if extraction of forest resources has a significant impact on the population
viability of these species. To test the sensitivity of lemur species to routine extraction of natural resources by local villagers, we
compared population demography and density for both species across six study sites, using a new census technique. Three of the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Buffer zone; Census techniques; Conservation; Eulemur fulvus albifrons; GIS; Lemurs;
Madagascar; National park; Natural resource extraction; Primate; Protected area management; Varecia variegata rubra.
Ano: 1998
Online Publication Enhances Integration of Current Research in the Classroom
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Drew, C. Ashton; North Carolina State University; [email protected]; Hess, George R; North Carolina State
University; [email protected].
Integrating current research materials and issues into graduate courses provides students with exposure to emerging concepts and
methods. New online journal formats that allow authors to include raw data and model code provide a unique opportunity to bring
current research into the classroom. We developed a graduate-level landscape ecology assignment using data and code provided as
appendices to an article in Conservation Ecology. Our assignment required students to engage actively with the published
material, was positively reviewed by the students, and prompted valuable discussion.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Inquiry-guided learning; Landscape ecology; Modeling; Problem-based learning; Teaching.
Ano: 2003
Wildlife Tunnel Enhances Population Viability
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van der Ree, Rodney; Australian Research Centre for Urban Ecology, Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne;
[email protected]; Heinze, Dean; Department of Primary Industries and Water; [email protected]; McCarthy,
Michael; Australian Research Centre for Urban Ecology; [email protected]; Mansergh, Ian; Department of Sustainability
and Environment; [email protected].
Roads and traffic are pervasive components of landscapes throughout the world: they cause wildlife mortality, disrupt animal
movements, and increase the risk of extinction. Expensive engineering solutions, such as overpasses and tunnels, are increasingly
being adopted to mitigate these effects. Although some species readily use such structures, their success in preventing population
extinction remains unknown. Here, we use population viability modeling to assess the effectiveness of tunnels for the endangered
Mountain Pygmy-possum (Burramys parvus) in Australia. The underpasses reduced, but did not completely remove, the negative
effects of a road. The expected minimum population size of a “reconnected” population remained 15%
lower...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Barrier effect; Burramys; Population-level impacts; Population viability analysis; Road ecology; Underpass;
Wildlife crossing structure.
Ano: 2009
Sustainability Science for Tropical Forests
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pandey, Deep Narayan; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002
Anishinaabe Adaptation to Environmental Change in Northwestern Ontario: a Case Study in
Knowledge Coproduction for Nontimber Forest Products
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Davidson-Hunt, Iain J; Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba; [email protected];
Pengelly, Ryan D.; HTFC Planning & Design; [email protected]; Sylvester, Olivia; Natural Resources Institute,
University of Manitoba; [email protected].
Interaction, negotiation, and sharing knowledge are at the heart of indigenous response to global environmental change. We
consider Anishinaabe efforts to devise new institutional arrangements in response to the process of colonialism and changing
global markets. Our findings are based on collaborative research undertaken with Anishinaabe colleagues from Pikangikum First
Nation, northwestern Ontario. We worked with elders to understand their knowledge, preferences, and opinions regarding
appropriate institutional arrangements for the co-production of knowledge required to develop nontimber forest products. We
began our research by asking about the values, institutions, and conditions that guide plant harvesting, and then the conditions
necessary to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Anishinaabe; Boreal forest; Canada; Coproduction of knowledge; Global environmental change.
Ano: 2013
The politics of establishing catchment management agencies in South Africa: the case of the
Breede-Overberg Catchment Management Agency
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Meissner, Richard; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa; Centre for Water Resources Research,
University of KwaZulu-Natal; [email protected]; Funke, Nikki; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa;
[email protected]; Nortje, Karen; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa; [email protected].
We reflect on the politics of establishing catchment management agencies in South Africa with a specific focus on the
Breede-Overberg Catchment Management Agency (BOCMA), which was recently replaced by the Breede-Gouritz Catchment
Management Agency (BGCMA). We do so by applying the framework of adaptive comanagement and its institutional
prescriptions: collaboration, experimentation, and a bioregional approach. We start by introducing the history of this catchment
management agency (CMA) and then describe the establishment of CMAs in South Africa in general and that of BOCMA in
particular. We follow the framework for rule types and types of river basin organizations set out by the editors of this special
feature with reference to adaptive comanagement...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive co-management; Breede-Gouritz Catchment Management Agency; Breede-Overberg Catchment
Management Agency; Catchment management agency; River basin organization; South Africa.
Ano: 2016
Campus sustainability and natural area stewardship: student involvement in adaptive
comanagement
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Krasny, Marianne E; Cornell University; [email protected]; Delia, Jesse; ; [email protected].
University campus sustainability initiatives have proliferated over the last decade. We contend that such initiatives benefit from
applying conceptual frameworks to help understand and guide their activities and from a focus on campus open space and natural
areas management. Informed by an adaptive comanagement framework encompassing social learning, social capital, and shared
action, we used semistructured interviews to examine student participation in the immediate response and longer-term policy
formulation following a crisis that occurred in a campus natural area. Students exhibited social learning as demonstrated by
reflection and the integration of new ideas through discussions with administrators and peers, as well as social capital through...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive comanagement; Natural areas; Sustainability; University.
Ano: 2014
How does Diversity Matter? The Case of Brazilian River Basin Councils
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bell, Andrew Reid; The Earth Institute at Columbia University; [email protected]; Engle, Nathan Lee; School of
Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan; [email protected]; Lemos, Maria Carmen; School of Natural
Resources and Environment, University of Michigan; [email protected].
Diversity as a concept has often been perceived as a positive system attribute to pursue and protect. However, in some social
settings, the way different kinds of diversity shape outcomes can vary significantly. Diversity of ideas and individuals sometimes
can lead to disagreement and conflict, which in turn can lead to both positive and negative outcomes. In this study, we examine
identity diversity, i.e., age, income, education, worldviews, etc., within the context of Brazilian water governance. We find that
within the basins studied in this project, first, the more diversity in organizations and the sectors represented on the council, the
more council members participate in council activities, perceive decision making to be democratic, and perceive...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Brazil; Identity diversity; Integrated water resources management.
Ano: 2011
Research to Integrate Productivity Enhancement, Environmental Protection, and Human
Development
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sayer, Jeffrey A; WWF (World Wildlife Fund); [email protected]; Campbell, Bruce; Center for International Forestry
Research (CIFOR); [email protected].
To meet the challenges of poverty and environmental sustainability, a different kind of research will be needed. This research will
need to embrace the complexity of these systems by redirecting the objectives of research toward enhancing adaptive capacity, by
incorporating more participatory approaches, by embracing key principles such as multi-scale analysis and intervention, and by
the use of a variety of tools (e.g., systems analysis, information management tools, and impact assessment tools). Integration will
be the key concept in the new approach; integration across scales, components, stakeholders, and disciplines. Integrated
approaches, as described in this Special Feature, will require changes in the culture and organization of research.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Decision making; Impact assessment; Integration; Scale; Social learning; Systems modeling.
Ano: 2002
Beyond the Interventionist-Preservationist Duality
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hull, R. Bruce; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; [email protected]; Robertson, David P; Virginia
Polytechnic Institute and State University; [email protected]; Buhyoff, Gregory J; Virginia Department of Conservation and
Recreation; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003
Variability in Population Abundance is Associated with Thresholds between Scaling Regimes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wardwell, Donald; Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; [email protected]; Allen, Craig
R; U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; [email protected].
Discontinuous structure in landscapes may result in discontinuous, aggregated species body-mass patterns, reflecting the scales of
structure available to animal communities within a landscape. The edges of these body-mass aggregations reflect transitions
between available scales of landscape structure. Such transitions, or scale breaks, are theoretically associated with increased
biological variability. We hypothesized that variability in population abundance is greater in animal species near the edge of
body-mass aggregations than it is in species that are situated in the interior of body-mass aggregations. We tested this hypothesis
by examining both temporal and spatial variability in the abundance of species in the bird community of the Florida...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Body mass; Breeding Bird Survey; Everglades; Phase transition; Scale; Textural discontinuity hypothesis.
Ano: 2009
Political ecology of inter-basin water transfers in Turkish water governance
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Islar, Mine; Lund University Center for Sustainability Studies (LUCSUS); [email protected]; Boda, Chad; Lund
University Center for Sustainability Studies (LUCSUS); [email protected].
We explore the emergence of two contemporary mega water projects in Turkey that are designed to meet the demands of the
country’s major urban centers. Moreover, we analyze how policy makers in the water sector frame problems and
solutions. We argue that these projects represent a tendency to depoliticize water management and steer away from controversial
issues of water allocation by emphasizing large-scale, centralized, technical, and supply-oriented solutions. In doing so, urgent
concerns are ignored regarding unsustainable water use, impacts on rural livelihoods, and institutional shortcomings in the water
sector. These aspirations build heavily on prevailing discourses of modernity, development, and economic growth, and how urban
centers are...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Inter-basin water transfers; Political ecology; Turkey; Urban water; Water governance.
Ano: 2014
Innovation in Management Plans for Community Conserved Areas: Experiences from Australian
Indigenous Protected Areas
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Davies, Jocelyn; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences; [email protected]; Hill, Rosemary; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences;
[email protected]; Walsh, Fiona J; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences; [email protected]; Sandford, Marcus; Australian Department
of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities; Indigenous Protected Areas Program;
[email protected]; Smyth, Dermot; Smyth and Bahrdt Consultants; Charles Darwin University;
[email protected]; Holmes, Miles C; Beit Holmes and Associates Pty Ltd; University of Queensland;
[email protected].
Increasing attention to formal recognition of indigenous and community conserved areas (ICCAs) as part of national and/or global
protected area systems is generating novel encounters between the customary institutions through which indigenous peoples and
local communities manage these traditional estates and the bureaucratic institutions of protected area management planning.
Although management plans are widely considered to be important to effective management of protected areas, little guidance has
been available about how their form and content can effectively reflect the distinctive socio-cultural and political characteristics of
ICCAs. This gap has been particularly apparent in Australia where a trend to rapidly increased formal engagement of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Aboriginal land management; Community-based conservation; Indigenous community conserved areas;
Indigenous protected areas; Management effectiveness; Planning.
Ano: 2013
Resilience assessment: a useful approach to navigate urban sustainability challenges
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sellberg, My M.; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; [email protected]; Wilkinson, Cathy;
Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; [email protected]; Peterson, Garry D.; Stockholm
Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; [email protected].
Cities and towns have become increasingly interested in building resilience to cope with surprises, however, how to do this is
often unclear. We evaluated the ability of the Resilience Assessment Workbook to help urban areas incorporate resilience thinking
into their planning practice by exploring how a resilience assessment process complemented existing planning in the local
government of Eskilstuna, Sweden. We conducted this evaluation using participant observation, semistructured interviews, and a
survey of the participants. Our findings show that the resilience assessment contributed to ongoing planning practices by
addressing sustainability challenges that were not being addressed within the normal municipal planning or operations, such as
local food...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Crisis management; Eskilstuna; Local government planning; Participatory processes; Resilience assessment;
Sustainable development; Sweden; Transdisciplinary research; Urban planning.
Ano: 2015
Three perspectives on motivation and multicriteria assessment of organic food systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ljungdalh, Anders Kruse; Department of Education, Aarhus University, Denmark; [email protected]; Noe, Egon;
Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Denmark; [email protected]; Christensen, Tove; Institute of Food and
Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; [email protected]; Dubgaard, Alex; Institute of Food and Resource
Economics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; [email protected]; Kastberg, Peter; Department of Business Communication,
Aarhus University, Denmark; [email protected].
Organic food systems are based on a complex of value criteria that often are not explicitly considered when agents think,
communicate, and make decisions concerning organic food. Multicriteria assessment (MCA) refers to a group of tools that help
the user to tackle such highly complex issues. The question is how an MCA tool should be designed to facilitate reflections,
communication, and decision making in relation to organic food systems. A key issue is motivation. There are several divergent
theories of motivation, and the question cannot be adequately answered by using any single theory. We discuss an economic, a
psychosocial, and a relational perspective on motivation and MCA. Using the example of a consumer assessing and choosing
products in the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Motivation; Multicriteria assessment (MCA); Organic food.
Ano: 2014
Elevated Levels of Herbivory in Urban Landscapes: Are Declines in Tree Health More Than an Edge
Effect?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Christie, Fiona J; University of Sydney; [email protected]; Hochuli, Dieter F; University of Sydney;
[email protected].
Urbanization is one of the most extreme and rapidly growing anthropogenic pressures on the natural world. Urban development
has led to substantial fragmentation of areas of natural habitat, resulting in significant impacts on biodiversity and disruptions to
ecological processes. We investigated the levels of leaf damage caused by invertebrates in a dominant canopy species in urban
remnants in a highly fragmented urban landscape in Sydney, Australia, by assessing the frequency and extent of chewing and
surface damage of leaves in urban remnants compared to the edges and interiors of continuous areas of vegetation. Although no
difference was detected in the frequency of leaves showing signs of damage at small, edge, and interior sites, small sites suffered...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Urban landscapes; Herbivory; Invertebrates; Urbanization; Remnant vegetation; Fragmentation; Leaf damage;
Australia.
Ano: 2005
Social Movements and Ecosystem Services—the Role of Social Network Structure in
Protecting and Managing Urban Green Areas in Stockholm
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ernstson, Henrik; Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, Sweden; Stockholm Resilience Centre,
Stockholm University, Sweden; [email protected]; Elmqvist, Thomas; Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm
University, Sweden; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; [email protected].
Exploitation and degradation of urban green areas reduce their capacity to sustain ecosystem services. In protecting and managing
these areas, research has increasingly focused on actors in civil society. Here, we analyzed an urban movement of 62 civil-society
organizations—from user groups, such as boating clubs and allotment gardens, to culture and nature conservation
groups—that have protected the Stockholm National Urban Park. We particularly focused on the social network
structure of the movement, i.e., the patterns of interaction between movement organizations. The results reveal a core-periphery
structure where core and semi-core organizations have deliberately built political connections to authorities, whereas the
periphery...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Core-periphery structure; Ecosystem management; Social movements; Social network
analysis; Urban ecosystem services.
Ano: 2008
Using the politicized institutional analysis and development framework to analyze (adaptive)
comanagement: farming and water resources in England
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Whaley, Luke; Department of Geography, Kings College London; [email protected]; Weatherhead, Edward K.;
Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University; [email protected].
The challenge of managing water resources in England is becoming increasingly complex and uncertain, a situation reflected in
many countries around the world. Cooperative and participatory forms of governance are now seen as one way of addressing this
challenge. We investigated this assertion by focusing on five farmer irrigator groups in the low-lying east of England. The
groups’ relationship with water resources management was interpreted through the lens of comanagement, which
over the past decade has increasingly merged with the field of adaptive management and related concepts that derive from
resilience thinking and complex adaptive systems theory. Working within a critical realist paradigm, our analysis was guided by
the politicized...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive comanagement; Comanagement; England; Farming; Politicized institutional analysis and development
framework; Water resources.
Ano: 2015
Causes and Extent of Declines among Native North American Invertebrate Pollinators: Detection,
Evidence, and Consequences
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cane, James H; USDA-ARS; [email protected]; Tepedino, Vincent J; USDA-ARS; [email protected].
Ecosystem health and agricultural wealth in North America depend on a particular invertebrate fauna to deliver pollination
services. Extensive losses in pollinator guilds and communities can disrupt ecosystem integrity, a circumstance that today forces
most farmers to rely on honey bees for much fruit and seed production. Are North America's invertebrate pollinator faunas already
widely diminished or currently threatened by human activities? How would we know, what are the spatiotemporal scales for
detection, and which anthropogenic factors are responsible? Answers to these questions were considered by participants in a
workshop sponsored by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis in October of 1999, and these questions form
the nucleus...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Apiformes; Apoidea; Insecta; Conservation; Diversity; Land-use change; Native invertebrate pollinators; North
America; Pollination; Pollinator declines.
Ano: 2001
Food Sources and Accessibility and Waste Disposal Patterns across an Urban Tropical Watershed:
Implications for the Flow of Materials and Energy
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Garcia-Montiel, Diana C.; Institute For Tropical Ecosystem Studies; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Household; Nutrient cycling; San Juan ULTRA; Social-ecological systems; Urban biogeochemistry; Urban
ecology; Urban metabolism; Watershed.
Ano: 2014
Fuzzy Philosophy: A Foundation for Interneted Ecology?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tyson, Wayne; ; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001
Tropical Multiple Use
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Anderson, E. N.; University of California, Riverside; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003
Incorporating local institutions in irrigation experiments: evidence from rural communities in
Pakistan
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Javaid, Aneeque; Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT); Jacobs University;
[email protected]; Falk, Thomas; University of Marburg; [email protected].
Many irrigation systems are special cases of common-pool resources (CPRs) in which some users have preferential access to the
resource, which in theory aggravates collective action challenges such as the under-provision of necessary infrastructure as a
result of unequal appropriation of water resources. We present experimental evidence based on an irrigation game played in
communities that are dependent on one of the largest contiguous irrigation network: the Indus basin irrigation system in Punjab,
Pakistan. Furthermore, we simulate two institutional mechanisms that are neglected in experimental studies, despite their
importance in many CPR governance systems: traditional authorities and legal pluralism. In our experiments, Punjabi farmers (N
= 160)...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Asymmetric access; Common-pool resources; Field experiments; Irrigation management; Punjab Pakistan;
Traditional authorities.
Ano: 2015
Polis, G. A., M. E. Power, and G. R. Huxel, editors. 2004. Food Webs at the Landscape Level.
University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Beisner, Beatrix; University of Quebec at Montreal; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2005
Integration of Local Ecological Knowledge and Conventional Science: a Study of Seven
Community-Based Forestry Organizations in the USA
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ballard, Heidi L; University of California - Davis; [email protected]; Fernandez-Gimenez, Maria E; Colorado State
University; [email protected]; Sturtevant, Victoria E; Southern Oregon University; [email protected].
Natural resource management decisions can be based on incomplete knowledge when they lack scientific research, monitoring,
and assessment and/or simultaneously fail to draw on local ecological knowledge. Many community-based forestry organizations
in the United States attempt to address these knowledge gaps with an integrated ecological stewardship approach that balances
ecological, social, and economic goals. This paper examines the use and integration of local knowledge and conventional science
in ecological stewardship and monitoring by seven community-based forestry demonstration projects. Through document reviews
and interviews with both participants and partners of all of these community-based organizations, we found that all the
community-based...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Civic science; Community-based forestry; Community-based natural resource management; Conventional
science; Ecological assessment; Ecological monitoring; Local ecological knowledge; Scientific knowledge.
Ano: 2008
How to Maintain Domesticity of Usages in Small Rural Forests? Lessons from Forest Management
Continuity through a French Case Study
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sourdril, Anne; CNRS / UMR 7533 Ladyss; [email protected]; Andrieu, Emilie; INRA / UMR 1201 Dynafor;
[email protected]; Cabanettes, Alain; INRA / UMR 1201 Dynafor; [email protected]; Elyakime,
Bernard; INRA / UMR 1201 Dynafor; [email protected]; Ladet, Sylvie; INRA / UMR 1201 Dynafor;
[email protected].
The management of small private forests in the Western World has been under threat owing to rural and agricultural
transformations since the Second World War. The actions put in place to preserve those forests are hard to implement because the
forests are managed essentially in an unofficial way that is not clearly understood. Through multidisciplinary approaches, our
aims were to understand local forest management processes, to assess the continuities and discontinuities of usages and practices
in the Coteaux de Gascogne area of France, and to propose guidelines for future forest management. Forest management is shaped
by a traditional but unrecognized social system called the house-centered system, which has contributed to a high degree of
domesticity...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Anthropology; Coppice with standards; Domestic usage; Forestry; History; House-centered system; Small
private forest; Southwestern France.
Ano: 2012
The Multifaceted Aspects of Ecosystem Integrity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: De Leo, Giulio A; Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell' Ambiente; [email protected]; Levin, Simon A; Princeton
University; [email protected].
The need to reduce human impacts on ecosystems creates pressure for adequate response, but the rush to solutions fosters the
oversimplification of such notions as sustainable development and ecosystem health. Hence, it favors the tendency to ignore the
complexity of natural systems. In this paper, after a brief analysis of the use and abuse of the notion of ecosystem health, we
address the problem of a sound definition of ecosystem integrity, critically review the different methodological and conceptual
approaches to the management of natural resources, and sketch the practical implications stemming from their implementation.
We show thatthere are merits and limitations in different definitions of ecosystem integrity, for each acknowledges different...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Biodiversity; Complexity and stability; Conservation strategies; Disturbance
anthropogenic; Disturbance natural; Ecosystem integrity; Ecosystem functioning; Ecosytem structure; Natural resource
management; Resilience; Sustainable development.
Ano: 1997
A Geographic Model to Assess and Limit Cumulative Ecological Degradation from Marcellus Shale
Exploitation in New York, USA
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Davis, John B; State University of New York (SUNY) at Albany; Sage College of Albany ; [email protected];
Robinson, George R; State University of New York (SUNY) at Albany; [email protected].
When natural resources are exploited, environmental costs and economic benefits are often asymmetric. An example is apparent
in the environmental impacts from fossil fuel extraction by hydraulic fracturing. So far, most scrutiny has been focused on water
quality in affected aquifers, with less attention paid to broader ecological impacts beyond individual drilling operations. Marcellus
Shale methane exploitation in New York State, USA, has been delayed because of a regulatory moratorium, pending evaluation
that has been directed primarily at localized impacts. We developed a GIS-based model, built on a hexagonal grid underlay nested
within the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s EMAP system, to examine potential cumulative ecological
impacts....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Core forest; Hexagon land-cover grid; Hydraulic fracturing; Marcellus Shale formation; Natural resource
sharing; New York State; Sensitive species and ecosystems.
Ano: 2012
Electronic Field Guides and User Communities in the Eco-informatics Revolution
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Stevenson, R. D.; University of Massachusetts Boston; [email protected]; Haber, William A; Missouri
Botanical Garden; [email protected]; Morris, Robert; UMASS Boston; [email protected].
The recognition that taxonomy is central to the conservation of biodiversity has reestablished the critical role of taxonomy in
biology. However, many of the tools taxonomists produce for the identification and characterization of species, e.g., dichotomous
keys, have been difficult to use and largely ignored by the general public in favor of field guides, which are essentially browsable
picture guides. We review the role of field guides in species identification and discuss the application of a host of digital
technologies to produce user-friendly tools for identification that are likely to greatly enhance species identification in the field by
nonspecialists. We suggest that wider adoption of the citizen science model and the use of electronic field...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bioinformatics; Birding; Citizen science; Ecoinformatics; Field biology; Field guides; Species identification;
Taxonomic keys; Taxonomy.
Ano: 2003
Ecosystem Services and Human Well-Being: a Participatory Study in a Mountain Community in
Portugal
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Queiroz, Cibele; Universidade de Lisboa; [email protected]; Pereira, Henrique Miguel; Universidade de Lisboa;
[email protected]; Vicente, Luis; Universidade de Lisboa; [email protected].
Ecosystem services are essential for human well-being, but the links between ecosystem services and human well-being are
complex, diverse, context-dependent, and complicated by the need to consider different spatial and temporal scales to assess them
properly. We present the results of a study in the rural community of Sistelo in northern Portugal that formed part of the Portugal
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. The main purpose of our study was to assess the linkages between human well-being and
ecosystem services at the local level, as perceived by the community. We used a range of tools that included participatory rural
appraisal and rapid rural appraisal as well as other field methods such as direct observation, familiarization and participation in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Human well-being; Participatory rural appraisal; Rapid rural appraisal; Participatory study;
Biodiversity; Rural community; Land abandonment; Mountain landscape; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment.
Ano: 2005
Biophysical and Socioeconomic Factors Associated with Forest Transitions at Multiple Spatial and
Temporal Scales
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Yackulic, Charles B; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University ;
[email protected]; Fagan, Matthew ; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University;
[email protected]; Jain, Meha; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University;
[email protected]; Jina, Amir; Sustainability Program, Columbia University; [email protected]; Lim, Yili; Department
of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University ; [email protected]; Marlier, Miriam; Department of
Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University; [email protected]; Muscarella, Robert; Department of
Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University; [email protected]; Adame, Patricia; Forest Research
Centre (CIFOR-INIA), Madrid, Spain ; [email protected]; DeFries, Ruth; Department of Ecology, Evolution and
Environmental Biology, Columbia University; [email protected]; Uriarte, Maria; Department of Ecology, Evolution and
Environmental Biology, Columbia University; [email protected].
Forest transitions (FT) occur when socioeconomic development leads to a shift from net deforestation to reforestation; these
dynamics have been observed in multiple countries across the globe, including the island of Puerto Rico in the Caribbean. Starting
in the 1950s, Puerto Rico transitioned from an agrarian to a manufacturing and service economy reliant on food imports, leading
to extensive reforestation. In recent years, however, net reforestation has leveled off. Here we examine the drivers of forest
transition in Puerto Rico from 1977 to 2000 at two subnational, nested spatial scales (municipality and barrio) and over two time
periods (1977-1991 and 1991-2000). This study builds on previous work by considering the social and biophysical factors that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agricultural abandonment; Deforestation; Forest transition; Puerto Rico; Reforestation.
Ano: 2011
Path Tortuosity and the Permeability of Roads and Trails to Wolf Movement
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Whittington, Jesse; University of Alberta; [email protected]; St. Clair, Colleen Cassady; University of
Alberta; [email protected]; Mercer, George; Jasper National Park; [email protected].
Few studies have examined the effects of human development on fine-scale movement behavior, yet understanding animal
movement through increasingly human-dominated landscapes is essential for the persistence of many wild populations, especially
wary species. In mountainous areas, roads and trails may be particularly deserving of study because they are concentrated in the
valley bottoms where they can impede animal movement both across and between valleys. In this study, we tracked wolf (Canis
lupus) movement in the snow for two winters in Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada to examine how wolves navigate through
or around human-use features. We quantified the effects of human development and topography on the tortuosity of wolf paths
and then tested the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2004
A First Nations-led social innovation: a moose, a gold mining company, and a policy window
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McCarthy, Daniel D. P.; University of Waterloo; [email protected]; Millen, Martin; Anishanaabe Maamwaye
Aki Kiigayewin ; [email protected]; Boyden, Mary; Porcupine Gold Mines; [email protected]; Alexiuk, Erin ;
University of Waterloo; [email protected]; Larkman, Dorothy; University of Waterloo; [email protected]; Rowe,
Giidaakunadaad (Nancy); University of Waterloo; [email protected]; Westley, Frances R.; University of Waterloo;
[email protected].
A recent focusing event involving the death of a moose in the Dome open-pit mine in the community of Timmins, in northern
Ontario, Canada has triggered the opening of a policy window related to the governance of resource extraction by indigenous
peoples. This event, combined with several other factors, including: (1) the high price of gold; (2) a mining company seeking to
demonstrate corporate social responsibility to repair its international reputation with indigenous peoples by supporting an
innovative, local Indigenous-led initiative; and (3) a new policy context, including Supreme Court of Canada decisions and
provisions in the updated Ontario Mining Act, that require meaningful consultation with indigenous peoples has led to the
emergence of a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Critical indigenous research; Indigenous-led innovation; Policy window; Social innovation; Traditional
knowledge.
Ano: 2014
The Dynamics of Social Capital in Influencing Use of Soil Management Options in the Chinyanja
Triangle of Southern Africa
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Njuki, Jemimah M; International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); [email protected]; Mapila, Mariam T;
Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Pretoria; [email protected]; Zingore, Shamie; Tropical Soil Biology
and Fertility Institute of CIAT; [email protected]; Delve, Robert; Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of CIAT;
[email protected].
Social capital has become a critical issue in agricultural development as it plays an important role in collective action, such as,
management of common resources and collective marketing. Whilst literature exists on the role of social capital in the use and
adoption of improved agricultural technology, such literature is fraught with issues of the measurement of social capital beyond
membership of farmers in groups. We hypothesized that different types of social capital influence the adoption of soil
management options differently. This study looked at the measurement of social capital, differentiating between the main types of
social capital and employed factor analysis to aggregate indicators of social capital into bonding, bridging, and linking social...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Gender; Smallholder farmers; Social capital; Soil management.
Ano: 2008
Socioeconomic Factors Influencing Customary Marine Tenure in the Indo-Pacific
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cinner, Joshua; James Cook University; [email protected].
For generations communities in the Western Pacific have employed a range of resource management techniques (including
periodic reef closures, gear restrictions, entry limitations, and the protection of spawning aggregations) to limit marine resource
use. Localized control over marine resources, commonly known as customary marine tenure (CMT), is the legal and cultural
foundation for many of these practices. Because of their perceived potential to meet both conservation and community goals,
these traditional resource management techniques are being revitalized by communities, governments, and NGOs as an integral
part of national and regional marine conservation plans in the Pacific. However, the viability of conservation strategies built on a
foundation...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Customary marine tenure; Common-property; Socioeconomic; Papua New Guinea; Indonesia.
Ano: 2005
Stable Forest Cover under Increasing Populations of Swidden Cultivators in Central Laos: the Roles
of Intrinsic Culture and Extrinsic Wildlife Trade
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Robichaud, William G; Biodiversity Research Centre, Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia;
[email protected]; Sinclair, Anthony R. E.; Biodiversity Research Centre, Department of Zoology, University of
British Columbia; [email protected]; Odarkor-Lanquaye, Naa; Forest Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia;
[email protected]; Klinkenberg, Brian; Department of Geography, University of British Columbia; [email protected].
Swidden agriculture, or shifting cultivation, is variously viewed as a great environmental threat or a sustainable system of land
use. In Laos, swidden has long been considered the primary driver of forest loss nationwide, but the assessment is based
exclusively on studies from the north of country, where deforestation is most severe. National policies to control swidden have
percolated down to management of one of the largest nature reserves in the region, Nakai-Nam Theun National Protected Area
(NNT NPA) in the Annamite Mountains of central Laos. In NNT NPA, swidden’s presumed unsustainability and
deleterious impact on forest cover is an untested assumption. We tested it by methods of historical ecology, tracing the patterns
of NNT’s...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Annamite Mountains; Brou; Cuora trifasciata; Dalbergia; Deforestation; Historical ecology; Lao PDR; Manis;
Nakai-Nam Theun; Nam Theun 2; Pangolin; Pseudorxy nghetinhensis; Saola; Sek; Shifting cultivation; Slash and burn;
Sustainable agriculture; Swidden agriculture; Vietic.
Ano: 2009
How to Start an International Program to Deal with Invasive Species?
Provedor de dados: 7
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002
Cross-Scale Value Trade-Offs in Managing Social-Ecological Systems: The Politics of Scale in Ruaha
National Park, Tanzania
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Zia, Asim; Department of Community Development and Applied Economics, University of Vermont;
[email protected]; Hirsch, Paul; Department of Environmental Studies SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry,
Syracuse NY ; [email protected]; Songorwa, Alexander; Department of Wildlife Management, Sokoine University of
Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania ; [email protected]; Mutekanga, David R.; Wildlife Conservation Society, Ruaha National
Park, Tanzania; [email protected]; O'Connor, Sheila; Global Institute of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ
; [email protected]; McShane, Thomas; Global Institute of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ ;
[email protected]; Brosius, Peter; Center for Integrative Conservation Research, University of Georgia, Athens GA ;
[email protected]; Norton, Bryan; School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA;
[email protected].
Management of social-ecological systems takes place amidst complex governance processes and cross-scale institutional
arrangements that are mediated through politics of scale. Each management scenario generates distinct cross-scale trade-offs in
the distribution of pluralistic values. This study explores the hypothesis that conservation-oriented management scenarios generate
higher value for international and national scale social organizations, whereas mixed or more balanced management scenarios
generate higher value for local scale social organizations. This hypothesis is explored in the management context of Ruaha
National Park (RNP), Tanzania, especially the 2006 expansion of RNP that led to the eviction of many pastoralists and farmers.
Five...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Complexity; Ecological valuation; Economic development; Politics of scale;
Social-ecological systems; Trade-off analysis.
Ano: 2011
Pastoralists’ Perception and Ecological Knowledge on Savanna Ecosystem Dynamics in
Semi-arid Botswana
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kgosikoma, Olaotswe; Department of Agricultural Research; University of Edinburgh; [email protected];
Mojeremane, Witness; Botswana College of Agriculture; [email protected]; Harvie, Barbra A.; University of
Edinburgh; [email protected].
We investigated vegetation dynamics in relation to livestock grazing as perceived by pastoral farmers in different regions of
Botswana. A structured questionnaire was used to collect farmers’ understanding of vegetation changes and causes
within three different grazing lands. The pastoral farmers’ description of dominant vegetation differed significantly
both at the local and district level, which suggests that rangelands consist of patches dominated by different grasses and woody
vegetation. Most pastoralists indicated that grass composition has undergone changes, and unpalatable grasses such as Aristida
congesta and Megaloprotachne albescens are increasing. The different factors perceived by pastoral farmers to cause changes in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Communal grazing; Indigenous ecological knowledge livestock; Ranching; Rangeland degradation.
Ano: 2012
Modeling Distribution and Abundance of Antarctic Baleen Whales Using Ships of Opportunity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Williams, Rob; Sea Mammal Research Unit; [email protected]; Hedley, Sharon L.; University of St. Andrews;
[email protected]; Hammond, Philip S.; University of St. Andrews; [email protected].
Information on animal abundance and distribution is at the cornerstone of many wildlife and conservation strategies. However,
these data can be difficult and costly to obtain for cetacean species.
The expense of sufficient ship time to conduct
design-unbiased line transect surveys may be simply out of reach for researchers in many countries, which nonetheless grapple
with problems of conservation of endangered species, by-catch of small cetaceans in commercial fisheries, and progression toward
ecosystem-based fisheries management. Recently developed spatial modeling techniques show promise for estimating wildlife
abundance using non-randomized surveys, but have yet to receive much field-testing in areas where designed surveys have also
been conducted....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Abundance; Antarctic; Baleen whale; Cetacean; Distance sampling; Distribution; Line transect; Platform of
opportunity; Spatial model.
Ano: 2006
An Evaluation of Feral Cat Management Options Using a Decision Analysis Network
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Loyd, Kerrie Anne T.; University of Georgia; [email protected]; DeVore, Jayna L.; University of Georgia;
[email protected].
The feral domestic cat (Felis catus) is a predatory invasive species with documented negative effects on native wildlife. The
issue of appropriate and acceptable feral cat management is a matter of contentious debate in cities and states across the United
States due to concerns for wildlife conservation, cat welfare, and public health. Common management strategies include:
Trap-Neuter-Release, Trap-Neuter-Release with removal of kittens for adoption and Trap-Euthanize. Very little empirical
evidence exists relevant to the efficacy of alternative options and a model-based approach is needed to predict population response
and extend calculations to impact on wildlife. We have created a structured decision support model representing multiple
stakeholder...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Decision analysis network; Feral cat management; Lethal control; Trap-Neuter-Release; Wildlife conservation.
Ano: 2010
Naturalistic Golf Courses: Stepping Stones for Nature
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Terman, Max; Tabor College; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2000
Assessments of ecosystem services and human well-being in Thailand build and create demand for
coproductive capacity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lebel, Louis; Chiang Mai University, Thailand; [email protected]; Wattana, Suchada; Policy and Planning Bureau,
Ministry of Interior, Thailand; [email protected]; Talerngsri, Pawin; United Nations Development Programme;
[email protected].
Assessments of ecosystem services have been proposed as one way of incorporating concerns about environmental change and
ecosystem conditions into subnational development planning. In Thailand a policy window for such initiatives is opening
because of a transition in national policy toward area-based planning combined with broader political reforms to expand public
participation and encourage more evidence-based decision making. We explored three case studies in Thailand in which central
and local government agencies and research organizations partnered to engage local communities and other stakeholders in
assessments of ecosystem services and human well-being. The analysis focused on the role ecosystem assessments play in
building and creating demand...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Assessment; Coproductive capacity; Ecosystem services; Evidence-based planning; Human well-being; Problem
driven.
Ano: 2015
Infodynamics, a Developmental Framework for Ecology/Economics
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Salthe, Stanley N; Biological Sciences, Binghamton University; [email protected].
Infodynamics, for our purposes, is a developmental perspective that animates information theory by way of thermodynamics. The
isomorphism between Boltzmann's statistical interpretation of physical entropy as disorder and Shannon's formulation of variety
as informational entropy signals a deep connection between information and entropy production. Information is any configuration
that might have been different, providing that it delays energy dissipation so that the energy is dissipated more completely. The
entropy production of individual dissipative structures increases at first but eventually decelerates. I consider the questions: why
do these structures grow? And why don't they keep on growing? As the universal expansion of the Big Bang accelerated,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Big Bang; Minot-Aoki law; Development; Developmental trajectories; Dissipative structures; Ecosocial
systems; Energy gradient dissipation; Entropy production; Information; Senescence; Second law of thermodynamics.
Ano: 2003
Synergy Between Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Conservation Science Supports Forest
Preservation in Ecuador
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Becker, C. Dustin; Kansas State University; [email protected]; Ghimire, Kabita; Kansas State University;
[email protected].
Meeting the desires of individuals while sustaining ecological “public goods” is a central challenge in
natural resources conservation. Indigenous communities routinely make common property decisions balancing benefits to
individuals with benefits to their communities. Such traditional knowledge offers insight for conservation. Using surveys and field
observations, this case study examines aspects of indigenous institutions and ecological knowledge used by rural Ecuadorians to
manage a forest commons before and after interacting with two U.S.-based conservation NGOs: Earthwatch Institute and People
Allied for Nature. The rural farming community of Loma Alta has legal property rights to a 6842-ha watershed in western
Ecuador. This...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003
Safeguarding what and for whom? The role of institutional fit in shaping REDD+ in Mexico
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McDermott, Constance L.; Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of
Oxford; [email protected]; Ituarte-Lima, Claudia; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University;
[email protected].
This paper examines the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change mechanism Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and
Degradation (REDD+), and its associated multitude of global to local safeguards, as they apply to a single ejido on the Yucatan
Peninsula, Mexico. It draws on written sources and interviews to analyze the ways in which broad international norms articulated
through the REDD+ safeguards, including support for human rights and sustainable livelihoods for local communities, are
translated at national, regional, and local levels.
Our findings indicate a wide range of perspectives on what constitutes
sustainability, from strict conservation to more forest use-oriented strategies, such as community forestry and traditional Mayan
shifting...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Community forest; Free prior and informed consent (FPIC); Governance; REDD+; Safeguard.
Ano: 2016
A holistic approach to studying social-ecological systems and its application to southern Transylvania
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hartel, Tibor; Department of Environmental Sciences, Sapientia University; [email protected].
Global change presents risks and opportunities for social-ecological systems worldwide. Key challenges for sustainability science
are to identify plausible future changes in social-ecological systems and find ways to reach socially and environmentally desirable
conditions. In this context, regional-scale studies are important, but to date, many such studies have focused on a narrow set of
issues or applied a narrow set of tools. Here, we present a holistic approach to work through the complexity posed by cross-scale
interactions, spatial heterogeneity, and multiple uncertainties facing regional social-ecological systems. Our approach is spatially
explicit and involves assessments of social conditions and natural capital bundles, social-ecological system...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem service bundles; Landscape sustainability science; Programme on Ecosystem Change and Society;
Regional scale; Romania; Scenario planning.
Ano: 2014
Creating Agents and Landscapes for Multiagent Systems from Random Samples
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Berger, Thomas; University of Hohenheim; [email protected]; Schreinemachers, Pepijn; University of
Hohenheim; [email protected].
An important goal of modeling human–environment interactions is to provide scientific information to policymakers
and stakeholders in order to better support their planning and decision-making processes. Modern technologies in the fields of GIS
and data processing, together with an increasing amount of accessible information, have the potential to meet the varying
information needs of policymakers and stakeholders.
Multiagent modeling holds the promise of providing an enhanced
collaborative framework in which planners, modelers, and stakeholders may learn and interact. The fulfillment of this promise,
however, depends on the empirical parameterization of multiagent models. Although multiagent models have been widely applied
in experimental and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Common sampling frame; Generation of statistically consistent agent populations; Integrated modeling;
Interdisciplinary data collection; Monte Carlo approach; Uganda.
Ano: 2006
Gender Patterns in Bird-related Recreation in the USA and UK
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cooper, Caren B; Cornell University, USA; [email protected]; Smith, Jennifer A.; University of Birmingham, UK;
[email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Birding; Bird-watching; Citizen science.
Ano: 2010
Social networks and environmental management at multiple levels: soil conservation in Sumatra
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Matous, Petr; University of Tokyo; University of Sydney; [email protected].
Many agrarian communities in developing countries suffer from insufficient productivity and use farming practices that
deteriorate the environment both locally and globally. Research suggests that social networks play a role in environmental
management, different studies emphasize different aspects of network structures, and the implications of the scales at which
networks operate are not explicitly discussed. Here, I ask what types of social structures in farmer networks are conducive to
environmental protection and agricultural productivity enhancement, and I show that the answer depends on the scale of the
investigation. Using original data representing 16 farmer groups comprising 315 households and 1575 information-sharing links, I
analyzed the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Community-based management; Cross-level interactions; Fertilizers; Social networks; Soil management.
Ano: 2015
Enabling the Contextualization of Legal Rules in Responsive Strategies to Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Rijswick, Marleen; ; [email protected]; Salet, Willem ; ; [email protected].
The paradigm of adaptive governance is paramount in policy discourses on the mitigation and adaptation strategies of climate
change. Adaptability, resilience, and cooperative approaches are promoted as the appropriate vehicles to meet the contemporary
conditions of uncertainty and complexity. We claim that the legitimacy and effectiveness of these responsive strategies might be
augmented via the use of legal perspectives. Rather than the instrumental use of command and control type of regulation, the legal
perspectives should focus on establishing principal norms that enable the search for different solutions in different contexts. From
these assumptions, the concept of legal obligation is explored as embodying the meaning of legality, and at the same time...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Climate change; Contextualization of legal norms; Planning and law; Resilience.
Ano: 2012
From Carbon Projects to Better Land-Use Planning: Three Latin American Initiatives
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rival, Laura M.; Department of International Development, University of Oxford, United Kingdom;
[email protected].
I start with a discussion of the limits of the United Nations’ Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest
Degradation and cobenefits (REDD+) program and the need to embed forest carbon within integrated ecosystem services on a
landscape scale. By comparing a REDD+ project with two non-REDD+ projects, I show that there are diverse ways of applying
the Earth system governance lens to address the continuing deterioration of goods and services provided by ecological systems. I
then compare the valuation of ecosystem services and the governance of their provision in the three projects under review: Bolsa
Floresta in the state of Amazonas, Brazil; Araçuaí Sustentável in the state of Minas Gerais,
Brazil; and the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Araç Uaí Sustentá Vel; Bolsa Floresta; Earth governance; Landscapes under
ecosystem-based management; Payments for ecosystem services; REDD+ schemes; Yasuní – Ishpingo
Tambococha Tiputini Initiative.
Ano: 2013
Resource degradation, marginalization, and poverty in small-scale fisheries: threats to
social-ecological resilience in India and Brazil
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nayak, Prateep K.; Faculty of Environment, University of Waterloo; [email protected]; Oliveira, Luiz E.; Natural
Resources Institute, University of Manitoba; [email protected]; Berkes, Fikret; Natural Resources Institute, University
of Manitoba; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Brazil; Degradation; Disempowerment; Exclusion; Exploitation; Fisheries; Human-environment disconnect;
Identity; Impoverishment; India; Marginalization; Poverty; Resilience; Small-scale fishery; Social-ecological system.
Ano: 2014
The importance of ecosystem services for rural inhabitants in a changing cultural landscape in
Romania
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hartel, Tibor; Sapientia University, Department of Environmental Sciences; Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University
Lueneburg; [email protected]; Fischer, Joern; Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lueneburg;
[email protected]; Milcu, Andra Ioana; Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lueneburg; [email protected];
Hanspach, Jan; Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lueneburg; [email protected]; Fazey, Ioan; School of
Environment/CECHR, University of Dundee; [email protected].
Many traditional cultural landscapes evolved as coupled social-ecological systems. It is important to understand how such systems
navigate novel challenges posed by globalization. To address this issue, we bring together two components of a pilot study carried
out in a cultural landscape from Central Romania. The region was affected by major social and economic perturbations in the past
century, affecting ethnic composition, community cohesion, land property regimes, and the management of common resources.
The first component of our study investigated how rural inhabitants appreciated ecosystem services through questionnaires with
98 people in 30 villages. The second component aimed to assess the perception of people about ongoing changes in their...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Change; Cultural landscape; Eastern Europe; Globalization; Rural communities.
Ano: 2014
Two Cultures: Not Unique to Ecology
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Saner, Marc A; Carleton University, Department of Philosophy; [email protected].
Using examples from different disciplines, I show that the dualism between "analytical" and "integrative" approaches to scientific
investigation is not unique to ecology. I argue that the resolution of (1) the apparent conflict between the two cultures of ecology
and (2) the problem of finding a sound direction during the transition of ecology would benefit from a transdisciplinary approach.
Candidate disciplines are any science within which complex systems are being investigated, as well as philosophy of science and
environmental ethics.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Complex systems; Cybernetics; Dualism; Environmental ethics; Holism; Philosophy of science; Reductionism;
Systems approach.
Ano: 1999
Local perspectives and global archetypes in scenario development
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wardropper, Chloe B; Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison;
[email protected]; Gillon, Sean; Department of Food Systems and Society, Marylhurst University; Department of Forest and
Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; [email protected]; Mase, Amber S; Department of Forest and
Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; [email protected]; McKinney, Emily A; Department of Sociology, University
of Wisconsin-Madison; [email protected]; Carpenter, Stephen R; Center for Limnology, University of
Wisconsin-Madison; [email protected]; Rissman, Adena R; Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of
Wisconsin-Madison; [email protected].
Contrasting social-ecological scenarios can help stakeholders envision potential futures and navigate change and uncertainty.
Scenario developers integrate stakeholder perceptions into storylines to increase scenario relevance and plausibility while relying
on archetypes of change from scenario literature to enrich narratives. This research examines the contributions of local
perspectives and global archetypes to scenario development through a case study of a regional scenario project, Yahara 2070, in
Wisconsin, USA. Interviews with 50 Yahara watershed stakeholders and 5 members of the project's scenario development team
were examined to compare themes from scenario archetypes with local perspectives on how change is expected to occur. We next
examined how...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Scenario archetypes; Scenario development; Social and environmental change; Stakeholder perspectives;
Watershed futures.
Ano: 2016
Emergence Unites Ecology and Society
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Trosper, Ronald L; University of British Columbia; [email protected].
The effort to combine analysis of ecosystems and social systems requires a firm theoretical basis. When humans are present in an
ecosystem, their actions affect emergent structures; this paper examines forms of emergence that account for the presence of
humans. Humans monitor and regulate ecosystems based on their cultural systems. Cultural systems consist of concepts linked in
complicated ways that can form consistent world views, can contain inconsistencies, and may or may not accurately model the
properties of a social–ecological system. Consequently, human monitoring and regulating processes will differ,
depending on cultural systems. Humans, as agents, change or maintain pre-existing material and cultural emergent structures.
The...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Analytical dualism; Complexity; Critical realism; Ecological economics; Emergence; Social–
Ecological systems; Sustainability.
Ano: 2005
Shopping Centers as Panther Habitat: Inferring Animal Locations from Models
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Maehr, David S; University of Kentucky; [email protected]; Larkin, Jeffery L; ; [email protected]; Cox, John J; ;
[email protected].
A recent model of Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi) habitat erred in arbitrarily creating buffers around radio locations
collected during daylight hours on the assumption that study animals were only at rest during these times. The buffers generated
by this method likely cause an overestimation of the amounts and kinds of habitats that are used by the panther. This, and other
errors, could lead to the impression that unfragmented forest cover is unimportant to panther conservation, and could encourage
inaccurate characterizations of panther habitat. Previous 24-hour monitoring of activity and activity readings made during routine
telemetry flights indicate that high levels of activity occur in the early morning hours. Literature on the behavior of the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Activity; Florida panther; Habitat; Telemetry data.
Ano: 2004
Understanding the Stability of Forest Reserve Boundaries in the West Mengo Region of Uganda
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Vogt, Nathan D; Indiana University Center for Institutions, Population, and Environmental Change;
[email protected]; Banana, Abwoli Y; Makerere University: Uganda Forest Resources and Institutions Center (UFRIC);
[email protected]; Gombya-Ssembajjwe, William; Makerere University: Uganda Forest Resources and Institutions Center
(UFRIC); [email protected]; Bahati, Joseph; Makerere University: Uganda Forest Resources and Institutions Center (UFRIC);
[email protected].
Despite heavy pressure and disturbance, state property regimes have stemmed deforestation within protected areas of the West
Mengo region of Uganda for over 50 yr. In this manuscript, we reconstruct the process of creation and maintenance of forest
reserve boundaries in the West Mengo region of Uganda to identify why these boundaries have largely remained stable over the
long term under conditions in which they may be predicted to fail. The dramatic boundary stability in West Mengo we attribute to
key aspects of institutional design and enforcement of boundaries.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Common pool resources; Institutional arrangements; Forest governance; Remote sensing; Conservation;
Uganda.
Ano: 2006
Community Monitoring for REDD+: International Promises and Field Realities
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Noordwijk, Meine; World Agroforestry Centre; [email protected]; Poulsen, Michael K.; NORDECO;
[email protected]; Rahayu, Subekti; World Agroforestry Centre; [email protected]; Rutishauser, Ervan; Center for
International Forestry Research; [email protected]; Theilade, Ida; Forest and Landscape of Denmark, University of
Copenhagen ; [email protected]; Widayati, Atiek; World Agroforestry Centre; [email protected]; An, Ngo The; Hanoi
University of Agriculture; [email protected]; Bang, Tran Nguyen; Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Natural
Resources and Environment, Hanoi University of Agriculture; [email protected]; Budiman, Arif; WWF-Indonesia;
[email protected]; Enghoff, Martin; NORDECO; [email protected]; Jensen, Arne E.; NORDECO; [email protected];
Kurniawan, Yuyun; WWF-Indonesia; [email protected]; Li, Qiaohong; Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of
Sciences; [email protected]; Mingxu, Zhao; Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences;
[email protected]; Schmidt-Vogt, Dietrich; Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences;
[email protected]; Prixa, Suoksompong; National University of Laos; [email protected]; Thoumtone, Vongvisouk;
National University of Laos; [email protected]; Warta, Zulfira; WWF-Indonesia; [email protected]; Burgess, Neil;
Centre for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen; WWF-US Conservation
Science Program; UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Center, Cambridge; [email protected].
Will community monitoring assist in delivering just and equitable REDD+? We assessed whether local communities can
effectively estimate carbon stocks in some of the world’s most carbon rich forests, using simple field protocols, and
we reviewed whether community monitoring exists in current REDD+ pilots. We obtained similar results for forest carbon when
measured by communities and professional foresters in 289 vegetation plots in Southeast Asia. Most REDD+ monitoring schemes,
however, contain no community involvement. To close the gulf between United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change texts on involving communities and field implementation realities, we propose greater embedding of community
monitoring within national REDD+ pilot...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Climate Community and Biodiversity Alliance standard; Forest carbon; Governance; Livelihood;
Monitoring; Payment for Ecosystem Service programs; REDD+; Southeast Asia.
Ano: 2013
Dieckmann,U., J. A. J. Metz, M. W. Sabelis, and K. Sigmund, editors. Adaptive Dynamics of
Infectious Diseases: In Pursuit of Virulence Management. Cambridge Studies in Adaptive Dynamics,
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Martens, Pim; International Centre for Integrative Studies, Maastricht University; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002
Adaptive Ecosystem Management in the Pacific Northwest: a Case Study from Coastal Oregon
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gray, Andrew N; U.S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station; [email protected].
Adaptive ecosystem management has been adopted as a goal for decision making by several of the land management and
regulatory agencies of the U.S. government. One of the first attempts to implement ecosystem management was undertaken on the
federally managed forests of the Pacific Northwest in 1994. In addition to a network of reserve areas intended to restore habitat for
late-successional terrestrial and aquatic species, "adaptive management areas" (AMAs) were established. These AMAs were
intended to be focal areas for implementing innovative methods of ecological conservation and restoration and meeting economic
and social goals. This paper analyzes the primary ecological, social, and institutional issues of concern to one AMA in the Coast
Range in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Adaptive management area; Ecosystem management; Forest ecology; Landscape
ecology; Models; Monitoring; Old-growth forest; Public involvement.
Ano: 2000
Supporting the Constructive Use of Existing Hydrological Models in Participatory Settings: a Set of
“Rules of the Game”
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bots, Pieter W. G.; Delft University of Technology; Cemagref; [email protected]; Bijlsma, Rianne; Deltares;
[email protected]; von Korff, Yorck; Lisode; [email protected]; Van der Fluit, Nicolien; Buro Natuur+Water;
[email protected]; Wolters, Henk; Deltares; [email protected].
When hydrological models are used in support of water management decisions, stakeholders often contest these models because
they perceive certain aspects to be inadequately addressed. A strongly contested model may be abandoned completely, even when
stakeholders could potentially agree on the validity of part of the information it can produce. The development of a new model is
costly, and the results may be contested again. We consider how existing hydrological models can be used in a policy process so
as to benefit from both hydrological knowledge and the perspectives and local knowledge of stakeholders. We define a code of
conduct as a set of “rules of the game” that we base on a case study of developing a water management
plan for a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Case study; Conflict; Hydrological model; Institutions; Netherlands; Participation; Policy process; Water
management.
Ano: 2011
How to Set Up a Research Framework to Analyze Social–Ecological Interactive Processes
in a Rural Landscape
Provedor de dados: 7
Interdisciplinary research frameworks can be useful in providing answers to the environmental challenges facing rural
environments, but concrete implementation of them remains empirical and requires better control. We present our practical
experience of an interdisciplinary research project dealing with non-industrial private forestry in rural landscapes. The theoretical
background, management, and methodological aspects, as well as results of the project, are presented in order to identify practical
key factors that may influence its outcomes. Landscape ecology plays a central role in organizing the project. The efforts allocated
for communication between scientists from different disciplines must be clearly stated in order to earn reciprocal trust....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Fragmented forest; Interdisciplinary research; Landscape ecology.
Ano: 2007
Assessing the Importance of Woodland Landscape Locations for Both Local Communities and
Conservation in Gorongosa and Muanza Districts, Sofala Province, Mozambique
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lynam, Timothy; Tropical Resource Ecology Program, University of Zimbabwe; [email protected]; Cunliffe,
Robert T; ;; Mapaure, Isaac; ; [email protected].
In collaboration with two communities living in, and on the edge of, Gorongosa National Park (GNP), Mozambique, we
researched the importance of different landscape units to these communities and used the information to develop a management
plan for GNP. We conceived the importance of a landscape to local people as a ratio of the benefits they derive from it and the
costs of accessing or using those benefits. To test this expectation, we developed Bayesian belief models, for which the parameters
were the relative preference weightings derived from community members (the relative preferences for benefits and relative
expectations of costs). We then collected field data to confront the models for each of the two sites. In a parallel process, we
conducted a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bayesian Belief Network; Mozambique; Conservation importance; Landscape importance; Participatory
methods.
Ano: 2004
Does Adaptive Management of Natural Resources Enhance Resilience to Climate Change?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tompkins, Emma L; Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia; [email protected];
Adger, W. Neil; Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia; [email protected].
Emerging insights from adaptive and community-based resource management suggest that building resilience into both human
and ecological systems is an effective way to cope with environmental change characterized by future surprises or unknowable
risks. We argue that these emerging insights have implications for policies and strategies for responding to climate change. We
review perspectives on collective action for natural resource management to inform understanding of climate response capacity.
We demonstrate the importance of social learning, specifically in relation to the acceptance of strategies that build social and
ecological resilience. Societies and communities dependent on natural resources need to enhance their capacity to adapt to the
impacts...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Caribbean; Trinidad and Tobago; Adaptive capacity; Climate change; Community-based management; Natural
resource management; Social-ecological resilience.
Ano: 2004
A Fractal Landscape Realizer for Generating Synthetic Maps
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hargrove, William; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; [email protected]; Hoffman, Forrest M; Oak Ridge National
Laboratory;; Schwartz, Paul M; ;.
A fractal landscape realizer has been developed that generates synthetic landscape maps to user specifications. The alternative
landscape realizations are not identical to the actual maps after which they are patterned, but are similar statistically (i.e., the areas
and fractal character of each category are replicated). A fractal or self-affine pattern generator is used to provide a spatial
probability surface for each category in the synthetic map. The Fractal Realizer arbitrates contentions among categories in a way
that makes it possible to preserve the fractal patterns of all the categories in the resulting synthetic landscape. Each synthetic
landscape is one equally likely realization from among an infinite ensemble of possible fractal landscape...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: FRAGSTATS; Fractal Realizer; Turing Test; Categorical maps; Fractal; Landscape ecology; Neutral model;
Null model; Pattern; Pseudoreplication; Realization; Simulation; Synthetic map.
Ano: 2002
Integrating local knowledge and science: economic consequences of driftwood harvest in a changing
climate
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Jones, Chas E; International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks; [email protected]; Kielland,
Knut; Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks; [email protected]; Hinzman, Larry D; International Arctic
Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks; [email protected]; Schneider, William S; Oral History Department,
University of Alaska Fairbanks; [email protected].
The integration of local knowledge and science represents an opportunity to enhance the understanding of interrelations among
climate, hydrology, and socioeconomic systems while providing mutual benefits to scientists and rural communities. Insight from
rural Alaskans helped to identify a social-ecological threshold used to model potential driftwood harvest from the Yukon River.
Information from residents of Tanana, Alaska, was combined with scientific data to model driftwood harvest rates. Modeling
results estimated that between 1980 and 2010, hydrologic factors alone were responsible for a 29% decrease in the annual wood
harvest, which approximately balanced a 23% reduction in wood demand because of a decline in number of households. The...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biomass; Climate; Driftwood; Economics; Flood; Hydrology; Large woody debris; Local knowledge;
Participatory research; Social-ecological model; Threshold.
Ano: 2015
Coproducing flood risk management through citizen involvement: insights from cross-country
comparison in Europe
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mees, Hannelore; Research Group Environment and Society, University of Antwerp; [email protected];
Alexander, Meghan; Flood Hazard Research Centre, Middlesex University ; [email protected]; Kaufmann, Maria;
Institute for Management Research, Radboud University Nijmegen; [email protected]; Bruzzone, Silvia; CITERES Research
Centre, François Rabelais University of Tours; [email protected]; Lewandowski, Jakub; Institute for
Agricultural and Forest Environment, Polish Academy of Science; [email protected].
Across Europe, citizens are increasingly expected to participate in the implementation of flood risk management (FRM), by
engaging in voluntary-based activities to enhance preparedness, implementing property-level measures, and so forth. Although
citizen participation in FRM decision making is widely addressed in academic literature, citizens’ involvement in the
delivery of FRM measures is comparatively understudied. Drawing from public administration literature, we adopted the notion of
“coproduction” as an analytical framework for studying the interaction between citizens and public
authorities, from the decision-making process through to the implementation of FRM in practice. We considered to what extent
coproduction is...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Codelivery; Coproduction; Cross-country comparison; Flood risk governance; Flood risk responsibilities;
Legitimacy; Public participation; Resilience.
Ano: 2016
The human health and conservation relevance of food taboos in northeastern Madagascar
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Golden, Christopher D.; Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health; Wildlife Conservation
Society, Wildlife Health and Health Policy, HEAL (Health & Ecosystems: Analysis of Linkages) Program;
[email protected]; Comaroff, Jean; Harvard University, Departments of African and African American Studies and
Anthropology; [email protected].
Anthropologists and ecologists investigating the dialectical relationship between human environments and the cultural practices
that shape and are shaped by them have been talking past each other for too long: the one looking purely at metaphor and the other
purely at function. Our mixed-method data analysis set out to explore whether it was possible to determine empirically the human
health and conservation value of the local Malagasy taboo system. This involved qualitative examination of the content of taboo
origin stories collected through ethnographic approaches, when the story was remembered. The ethnographic substance of these
stories included historicizing events, accounts of symptoms associated with breaching taboos, and incentives for abiding by...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Allergies; Betsimisaraka; Bushmeat; Hunting; Traditional epidemiological knowledge; Traditional etiological
knowledge; Tsimihety; Wildlife; Zoonotic disease.
Ano: 2015
Drivers of Resource Management Practices - Fire in the Belly? Comments on "Cross-cultural
Conflicts in Fire Management in Northern Australia: Not so Black and White" by Alan Andersen
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cumming, David H. M.; WWF Southern Africa; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2000
The Politics of Scale, Position, and Place in the Governance of Water Resources in the Mekong Region
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lebel, Louis; USER, Chiang Mai University; [email protected]; Garden, Po; USER, Chiang Mai University;
[email protected]; Imamura, Masao; USER, Chiang Mai University; [email protected].
The appropriate scales for science, management, and decision making cannot be unambiguously derived from physical
characteristics of water resources. Scales are a joint product of social and biophysical processes. The politics-of-scale metaphor
has been helpful in drawing attention to the ways in which scale choices are constrained overtly by politics, and more subtly by
choices of technologies, institutional designs, and measurements. In doing so, however, the scale metaphor has been stretched to
cover a lot of different spatial relationships. In this paper, we argue that there are benefits to understanding—and
actions to distinguish—issues of scale from those of place and position. We illustrate our arguments with examples
from the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Governance; Institutions; Knowledge; Mekong; Politics; Scale; Science; Water resources.
Ano: 2005
The role of cooperation for improved stewardship of marine social-ecological systems in Latin
America
Provedor de dados: 7
Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries are among the worlds’ richest in marine biodiversity. Fish stocks in
these regions are important for fishing communities, and fishing activities engage several million people. These fisheries depend
on the natural services provided by a diverse range of marine social-ecological systems, but many LAC fisheries are in a degraded
state, and concerns about overexploitation are widespread. With most fishery resources fully exploited or overexploited,
opportunities for development lie primarily in restoring depleted stocks and using stocks more efficiently. The papers published in
the Special Feature “Cooperation, Local Communities, and Marine Social-Ecological Systems: New Findings from
Latin...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cooperation; Latin America; Marine social-ecological systems; Stewardship.
Ano: 2015
Sustainability, Stability, and Resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ludwig, Don; University of British Columbia; [email protected]; Walker, Brian; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems;
[email protected]; Holling, C. S.; University of Florida; [email protected].
The purpose of this essay is to define and refine the concepts of stability and resilience and to demonstrate their value in
understanding the behavior of exploited systems. Some ecological systems display several possible stable states. They may also
show a hysteresis effect in which, even after a long time, the state of the system may be partly determined by its history. The
concept of resilience depends upon our objectives, the types of disturbances that we anticipate, control measures that are available,
and the time scale of interest.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bifurcation; Multiple stable states; Resilience; Stability.
Ano: 1997
Incorporating Science into the Environmental Policy Process: a Case Study from Washington State
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Francis, Tessa B.; University of Washington; [email protected]; Whittaker, Kara A.; University of Washington;
[email protected]; Shandas, Vivek; University of Washington; [email protected]; Mills, April V.; University
of Washington; [email protected]; Graybill, Jessica K.; University of Washington; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Best available science; Critical areas ordinance; Environmental policy; Growth Management Act; Land-use
planning; Washington State.
Ano: 2005
Using Traditional Ecological Knowledge to Improve Holistic Fisheries Management:
Transdisciplinary Modeling of a Lagoon Ecosystem of Southern Mexico
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Espinoza-Tenorio, Alejandro; Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology; El Colegio de la Frontera Sur-Unidad
Villahermosa; [email protected]; Wolff, Matthias; Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology;
[email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Consensus-building process; Ecosystem-level management alternatives; Fishing seascape; Loop analysis;
Pressure-state-response framework; Traditional ecological knowledge; Transdisciplinary modeling.
Ano: 2013
Traditional ecological knowledge among transhumant pastoralists in Mediterranean Spain
Provedor de dados: 7
Mobility is a millenary human strategy to deal with environmental change. An outstanding example of mobility is transhumance,
an ancient pastoralist practice consisting of the seasonal migration of livestock between ecological regions following peaks in
pasture productivity. The maintenance of transhumance depends partly on the preservation of related traditional ecological
knowledge (TEK). We (a) identified and characterized social groups that hold transhumance-related TEK, (b) analyzed trends in
transhumance-related TEK across generations and social groups, (c) examined the factors that influence variation in levels of
TEK, and (d) analyzed elements of transhumance-related TEK as examples of adaptive strategies to cope with global change. We
used...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive strategy; Drove road; Environmental change; Mobility; Pastoralism; Resilience.
Ano: 2013
Quantification of the Ecological Resilience of Drylands Using Digital Remote Sensing
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Washington-Allen, Robert A.; Texas A&M University; [email protected]; Ramsey, R. D.; Utah State
University; [email protected]; West, Neil E.; Utah State University; [email protected]; Norton, Brien E.; Centre for the
Management of Arid Environments; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2008
Monitoring the Governance Dimension of Natural Resource Co-management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cundill, Georgina; Rhodes University, South Africa; Centre for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa;
[email protected]; Fabricius, Christo; Rhodes University, South Africa; [email protected].
The governance outcomes of natural resource co-management have been neither systematically monitored nor rigorously
assessed. We identified system attributes and key variables that could form the basis for monitoring the governance dimension of
adaptive co-management. A methodology for collaboratively monitoring these system attributes and key variables was tested in
four localities in South Africa. Our results suggest that creating the conditions that facilitate self-organization, and particularly
cross-scale institutional linkages, is the major challenge facing attempts to initiate adaptive co-management. Factors requiring
greater attention include community perceptions of support from outside agencies, access to long-term funding for adaptive
decision...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Adaptive co-management; Governance; Monitoring; Self-organization; Social capital.
Ano: 2010
Increased water charges improve efficiency and equity in an irrigation system
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bell, Andrew Reid; Department of Environmental Studies, New York University; [email protected]; Ward, Patrick S.;
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, D.C.; [email protected]; Shah, M. Azeem Ali; International
Water Management Institute (IWMI), Lahore, Pakistan; Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Pakistan;
[email protected].
Conventional wisdom in many agricultural systems across the world is that farmers cannot, will not, or should not pay the full
costs associated with surface water delivery. Across Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
countries, only a handful can claim complete recovery of operation, maintenance, and capital costs; across Central and South Asia,
fees are lower still, with farmers in Nepal, India, and Kazakhstan paying fractions of a U.S. penny for a cubic meter of water. In
Pakistan, fees amount to roughly USD 1-2 per acre per season. However, farmers in Pakistan spend orders of magnitude more for
diesel fuel to pump groundwater each season, suggesting a latent willingness to spend for water that, under the right conditions,
could...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agent-based model; Efficiency; Equity; Irrigation; Pakistan; Water.
Ano: 2016
Human-caused Disturbance Stimuli as a Form of Predation Risk
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Frid, Alejandro; Simon Fraser University; [email protected]; Dill, Lawrence M; Simon Fraser University; [email protected].
A growing number of studies quantify the impact of nonlethal human disturbance on the behavior and reproductive success of
animals. Athough many are well designed and analytically sophisticated, most lack a theoretical framework for making
predictions and for understanding why particular responses occur. Behavioral ecologists have recently begun to fill this theoretical
vacuum by applying economic models of antipredator behavior to disturbance studies. In this emerging paradigm, predation and
nonlethal disturbance stimuli create similar trade-offs between avoiding perceived risk and other fitness-enhancing activities, such
as feeding, parental care, or mating. A vast literature supports the hypothesis that antipredator behavior has a cost to other...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002
Design considerations for community-based stream monitoring to detect changes in Pacific salmon
habitats
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lagasse, Cory R.; School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University; [email protected]; Ou,
Wanli; School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University; [email protected]; Honka, Leah D.; School
of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University; [email protected]; Atlas, William I.; Qqs Projects Society;
[email protected]; Hutton, Claire N.; Independent Resource Management Consultant; TNC Canada; [email protected];
Kotaska, Jana; Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia; [email protected];
Hocking, Morgan D.; Hakai Network for Coastal People, Ecosystems and Management, Simon Fraser University; School of
Environmental Studies, University of Victoria; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Ecosystem-based management; First Nations management; Great Bear Rainforest; Pacific
salmon; Power analysis; Stream monitoring.
Ano: 2014
Unintended outcomes of farmers’ adaptation to climate variability: deforestation and
conservation in Calakmul and Maya biosphere reserves
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rodriguez-Solorzano, Claudia; Environmental Studies Program, Dartmouth College; Department of Ecosystem Science
and Management, Texas A&M University; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Climate adaptation; Governance; Institutions; Land-use change; Latin America; Protected areas.
Ano: 2014
Learning as You Journey: Anishinaabe Perception of Social-ecological Environments and Adaptive
Learning
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Davidson-Hunt, Iain; University of Manitoba; [email protected]; Berkes, Fikret; University of
Manitoba; [email protected].
This paper explores the linkages between social-ecological resilience and adaptive learning. We refer to adaptive learning as a
method to capture the two-way relationship between people and their social-ecological environment. In this paper, we focus on
traditional ecological knowledge. Research was undertaken with the Anishinaabe people of Iskatewizaagegan No. 39 Independent
First Nation, in northwestern Ontario, Canada. The research was carried out over two field seasons, with verification workshops
following each field season. The methodology was based on site visits and transects determined by the elders as appropriate to
answer a specific question, find specific plants, or locate plant communities. During site visits and transect walks, research...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Anishinaabe; Canadian North; Adaptive learning; Boreal; Ecological perception; Ethnoecology; Resilience;
Social learning; Social-ecological systems; Sustainability science; Traditional ecological knowledge.
Ano: 2003
Baltic Herring Fisheries Management: Stakeholder Views to Frame the Problem
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kuikka, Sakari; University of Helsinki, Department of Environmental Sciences, Fisheries and Environmental
Management Group (FEM); [email protected].
Comprehensive problem framing that includes different perspectives is essential for holistic understanding of complex problems
and as the first step in building models. We involved five stakeholders to frame the management problem of the Central Baltic
herring fishery. By using the Bayesian belief networks (BBNs) approach, the views of the stakeholders were built into graphical
influence diagrams representing variables and their dependencies. The views of the scientists involved concentrated on biological
concerns, whereas the fisher, the manager, and the representative of an environmental nongovernmental organization included
markets and fishing industry influences. Management measures were considered to have a relatively small impact on the
development...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bayesian belief networks; Influence diagrams; Objectives; Participatory modeling; Problem framing;
Stakeholders; Structural uncertainty.
Ano: 2012
Interactive Land-Use Planning in Indonesian Rain-Forest Landscapes: Reconnecting Plans to
Practice
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wollenberg, Eva; University of Vermont; [email protected]; Campbell, Bruce; Center for International Forestry
Research; [email protected]; Dounias, Edmond; CIFOR; [email protected]; Gunarso, Petrus; Tropenbos;
[email protected]; Moeliono, Moira; Center for International Forestry Research; [email protected]; Sheil, Douglas;
Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Land- use planning; Adaptive management; Borneo; Decentralization; Local knowledge; Spatial planning;
Systems frameworks.
Ano: 2009
Socioeconomic Response to Water Quality: a First Experience in Science and Policy Integration for
the Izmit Bay Coastal System
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gamze Tolun, Leyla ; TUBITAK Marmara Research Center; [email protected]; Ergenekon, Seyla; ;
[email protected]; Murat Hocaoglu, Selda; TUBITAK Marmara Research Center; [email protected]; Suha
Donertas, Asli; TUBITAK Marmara Research Center; [email protected]; Cokacar, Tulay; ;
[email protected]; Husrevoglu, Sinan; TUBITAK Marmara Research Center; [email protected]; Polat
Beken, Colpan; TUBITAK Marmara Research Center; [email protected]; Baban, Ahmet; TUBITAK Marmara
Research Center; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Integrated coastal zone management; Izmit Bay; Stakeholder interaction; Socioeconomic analysis; Systems
approach.
Ano: 2012
Accelerating Deforestation in the Congo Basin Can Pose Climate Risks
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Baidya Roy, Somnath; Duke University; [email protected]; Walsh, Peter D; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary
Primatology; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Africa; Climate change; Conversion to grassland; Deforestation; Logging.
Ano: 2005
Ecosystems and Immune Systems: Hierarchical Response Provides Resilience against Invasions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Allen, Craig; University of Nebraska; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biological invasions; Complex systems; Cross-scale; Ecosystem management; Immune systems; Institutions;
Resilience; Scale.
Ano: 2001
Uncommon among the Commons? Disentangling the Sustainability of the Peruvian Anchovy Fishery
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Arias Schreiber, Milena; Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT), Bremen, Germany;
[email protected]; Halliday, Andrew; Freelance Writer and Researcher;.
The term "commons" refers to collectively exploited resources and their systems of usage; a synonymous term is common pool
resources. Fisheries are typical common pool resources and also one of the most conspicuous examples of unsustainable use of
natural resources. We examine one of the few globally important fisheries that is held to be sustainable, the Peruvian anchovy
fishery, and considers the extent to which the institutional characteristics of the fishery conform to design principles that are
considered prerequisites for long-term, successful, community-based common pool resources. Results showed that greater
conformity to the principles was found in the sustainable phase of the fishery, compared to its unsustainable phase. For this case
study, the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Anchovy fishery; Common pool resources; Design principles; Peru; Sustainabilityanchoveta peruana; Recursos
comunes; Diseñ O de principios; Perú ; Sostenibilidad.
Ano: 2013
Characteristics, emerging needs, and challenges of transdisciplinary sustainability science:
experiences from the German Social-Ecological Research Program
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ruppert-Winkel, Chantal; University of Freiburg; [email protected]; Deppisch, Sonja; HafenCity
University Hamburg; [email protected]; Eisenack, Klaus; Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg;
[email protected]; Matzdorf, Bettina; Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF);
[email protected]; Padmanabhan, Martina; University of Passau; [email protected]; Selbmann, Kirsten;
Bochum University of Applied Science; Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research;
[email protected]; Ziegler, Rafael; University of Greifswald; [email protected]; Plieninger,
Tobias; University of Copenhagen; [email protected].
Transdisciplinary sustainability science (TSS) is a prominent way of scientifically contributing to the solution of sustainability
problems. Little is known, however, about the practice of scientists in TSS, especially those early in their career. Our objectives
were to identify these practices and to outline the needs and challenges for early career scientists in TSS. To that end, we compiled
10 key characteristics of TSS based on a literature survey. We then analyzed research groups with 81 early career scientists
against these characteristics. All of these research groups are funded by an ongoing federally funded German program for
social-ecological research whose main feature is to promote sustainability-oriented inter- and transdisciplinary research....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Early career scientists; Interdisciplinarity; Research practice; Self-evaluation; Social-ecological research;
Sustainability science; Trandisciplinarity.
Ano: 2015
Adapting to Socioeconomic Developments by Changing Rules in the Governance of Common
Property Pastures in the Swiss Alps
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Baur, Ivo; Chair of Human-Environment Relations, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich ;
[email protected]; Binder, Claudia R.; Chair of Human-Environment Relations, Ludwig-Maximilians
University, Munich; [email protected].
The common property meadows in the Swiss Alps have been managed by local self-organized governance systems since the
Middle Ages, thus preventing their overuse. During the past century, socioeconomic developments, such as industrialization and
rapid nonagricultural economic growth, have shifted employment opportunities from the agricultural sector towards the service
sector. In the agricultural sector, this has led to less intensive use and maintenance of the meadows in the Alps and consequently
to a reduction in biodiversity. We use the example of Grindelwald in the Swiss Alps to analyze how the governance system has
adapted to these socioeconomic developments. We based our analysis on the Program in Institutional Analysis of
Social-Ecological Systems...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Common property pastures; Rules; SES; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2013
Modeling Land-Use Decision Behavior with Bayesian Belief Networks
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Aalders, Inge; Macaulay Institute; [email protected].
The ability to incorporate and manage the different drivers of land-use change in a modeling process is one of the key challenges
because they are complex and are both quantitative and qualitative in nature. This paper uses Bayesian belief networks (BBN) to
incorporate characteristics of land managers in the modeling process and to enhance our understanding of land-use change based
on the limited and disparate sources of information. One of the two models based on spatial data represented land managers in the
form of a quantitative variable, the area of individual holdings, whereas the other model included qualitative data from a survey of
land managers.
Random samples from the spatial data provided evidence of the relationship between the different...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bayesian belief networks; Land cover; Land use.
Ano: 2008
Voluntary Participation in Regional Fisheries Management Council Meetings
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Brzezinski, Danielle T; University of Maine ; [email protected]; Wilson, James; University of Maine;
[email protected]; Chen, Yong; University of Maine; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Fisheries policy; New England; Voluntary participation.
Ano: 2010
Tending for Cattle: Traditional Fire Management in Ethiopian Montane Heathlands
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Johansson, Maria U; Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences;
[email protected]; Fetene, Masresha; Department of Biology, Addis Ababa University; [email protected]; Malmer,
Anders; Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; [email protected].
Fire has long been a principal tool for manipulating ecosystems, notably for pastoralist cultures, but in modern times, fire use has
often been a source of conflicts with state bureaucracies. Despite this, traditional fire management practices have rarely been
examined from a perspective of fire behavior and fire effects, which hampers dialogue on management options. In order to
analyze the rationale for fire use, its practical handling, and ecological effects in high-elevation ericaceous heathlands in Ethiopia,
we used three different information sources: interviews with pastoralists, field observations of fires, and analysis of vegetation age
structure at the landscape level. The interviews revealed three primary reasons for burning: increasing the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Anthropogenic fire; Erica arborea; Erica trimera; Fire behavior; Fire ecology; Forage shrub systems; Pastoralist
land use; Traditional ecological knowledge.
Ano: 2012
Vulnerability of the Tibetan Pastoral Systems to Climate and Global Change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wang, Yang; Peking University; [email protected]; Wang, Jun; Peking University ShenZhen Graduate School;
[email protected]; Li, Shuangcheng; Peking University; [email protected]; Qin, Dahe; Peking University;China
Meteorological Administration; [email protected].
The impacts of climate and global change on Tibetan pastoral systems have become increasingly evident. Thus, a significant
research endeavor is to explore the combined effects of these changes on the livelihoods of herder households and communities,
on the adaptation strategies they adopted to respond to the current and expected risks associated with these changes, and on the
emerging opportunities that can strengthen their resilience and adaptive capacity. We performed an integrated analysis of the
dynamics of Tibetan pastoral systems influenced by climate and global changes by using the analytical framework developed by
Ostrom. Climate and global changes have significantly altered the attributes of and the interactions within Tibetan pastoral
systems,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; Global change; Herders; Livelihood; Tibetan Plateau; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2014
Measuring the vulnerability of marine social-ecological systems: a prerequisite for the identification of
climate change adaptations
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Metcalf, Sarah J.; School of Management and Governance, Murdoch University; [email protected]; van Putten,
Elizabeth I.; CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere,Hobart, Australia; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania;
[email protected]; Frusher, Stewart; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania; Centre for
Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania; [email protected]; Marshall, Nadine A.; CSIRO Land and Water
Flagship; [email protected]; Tull, Malcolm; School of Management and Governance, Murdoch University;
[email protected]; Caputi, Nick; Department of Fisheries, Western Australia; [email protected]; Haward,
Marcus; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of
Tasmania; [email protected]; Hobday, Alistair J.; CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship; Centre for Marine
Socioecology, University of Tasmania; [email protected]; Holbrook, Neil J.; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies,
University of Tasmania; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania; [email protected]; Jennings, Sarah
M.; Tasmanian School of Business and Economics, University of Tasmania; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of
Tasmania; [email protected]; Pecl, Gretta T.; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania; Centre
for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania; [email protected]; Shaw, Jenny; Curtin University Sustainability Policy
Institute; [email protected].
Reducing the vulnerability of coastal communities to marine climate change requires that communities have some intrinsic
capacity to adapt. To assist adaptation planning and the implementation of adaptation strategies, identifying barriers and enablers
to adaptation is important. Adaptive capacity, resource dependence, local climate change exposure and biological sensitivity were
used to assess socioeconomic vulnerability to climate change in three Australian coastal communities: St Helens, Tasmania;
Bowen, Queensland; and Geraldton, Western Australia. Higher adaptive capacity was associated with larger population size (i.e.,
Geraldton) whereas greater resource dependence, and lower human and natural capital were associated with smaller populations
(St...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Coastal communities; Fisheries; Resource dependency; Social-ecological.
Ano: 2015
Stakeholder Perceptions of an Ecosystem Services Approach to Clearing Invasive Alien Plants on
Private Land
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Urgenson, Lauren S; School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of
Washington ; [email protected]; Prozesky, Heidi E.; Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology, Stellenbosch University,
South Africa; DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; [email protected]; Esler,
Karen J; Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; DST-NRF Centre of
Excellence for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Invasive alien plants; Landowner incentives; Private land; Stakeholder analysis; Western
Cape; Working for Water; Working landscapes.
Ano: 2013
A Near-extinction Event in Lynx: Do Microsatellite Data Tell the Tale?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Spong, Goran; Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University; [email protected]; Hellborg, Linda;
Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University; [email protected].
Fluctuations in population size can have a profound impact on effective population size and the maintenance of genetic variation
within a population. A number of tests based on microsatellite data have been developed for the detection of bottleneck events in a
population's past. In this paper, we search for signs of a bottleneck in microsatellite data on the Scandinavian lynx (Lynx lynx)
population. This population was hunted to the brink of extinction, with fewer than 100 animals (one estimate was as low as 30
individuals) remaining in the late 1920s. Protection allowed recovery of the population, which currently numbers about 2000
adults. Despite this pronounced demographic bottleneck (more than 95% of the population was killed), we could find no...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bottleneck; Conservation; Extinction; Genetic testing; Lynx; Microsatellite data; Population history;
Scandinavia.
Ano: 2002
Reflection on the development process of a sustainability assessment tool: learning from a Flemish
case
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Triste, Laure; Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO); [email protected]; Marchand, Fleur;
Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO); [email protected]; Debruyne, Lies; Institute for
Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO); [email protected]; Meul, Marijke; University College Ghent;
[email protected]; Lauwers, Ludwig; Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO); Department of
Agricultural Economics, Ghent University; [email protected].
Adoption of sustainability assessment tools in agricultural practice is often disappointing. One of the critical success factors for
adoption is the tool development process. Because scientific attention to these development processes and insights about them are
rather limited, we aimed to foster the scientific debate on this topic. This was done by reflecting on the development process of a
Flemish sustainability assessment tool, MOTIFS. MOTIFS was developed with the aim of becoming widely adopted by farmers
and farm advisors, but this result was not achieved. Our reflection process showed success factors favoring and barriers hindering
tool adoption. These were grouped into three clusters of lessons learned for sound tool development: (1) institutional...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Reflection; Stakeholder participation; Sustainability assessment tool; Tool development process.
Ano: 2014
Evaluating the process of ecological restoration
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Aradottir, Asa L.; Agricultural University of Iceland; [email protected]; Hagen, Dagmar; Norwegian Institute for Nature
Research; [email protected]; Mitchell, Ruth J.; The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen, UK; [email protected];
Raulund-Rasmussen, Karsten; Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen,
Denmark; [email protected]; Tolvanen, Anne; Natural Resources Institute Finland, Department of Ecology, University of Oulu
Finland; [email protected]; Wilson, Scott D.; Department of Biology, University of Regina; [email protected].
We developed a conceptual framework for evaluating the process of ecological restoration and applied it to 10 examples of
restoration projects in the northern hemisphere. We identified three major phases, planning, implementation, and monitoring, in
the restoration process. We found that evaluation occurred both within and between the three phases, that it included both formal
and informal components, and that it often had an impact on the performance of the projects. Most evaluations were short-term
and only some parts of them were properly documented. Poor or short-term evaluation of the restoration process creates a risk
that inefficient methods will continue to be used, which reduces the efficiency and effectiveness of restoration. To improve the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecological restoration; Evaluation; Northern Hemisphere; Restoration implementation; Restoration monitoring;
Restoration planning.
Ano: 2016
Synthesis of human-nature feedbacks
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hull, Vanessa; Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability (CSIS), Michigan State University;
[email protected]; Tuanmu, Mao-Ning; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University; Center for Systems
Integration and Sustainability (CSIS), Michigan State University; [email protected]; Liu, Jianguo; Center for Systems
Integration and Sustainability (CSIS), Michigan State University; [email protected].
In today’s globalized world, humans and nature are inextricably linked. The coupled human and natural systems
(CHANS) framework provides a lens with which to understand such complex interactions. One of the central components of the
CHANS framework involves examining feedbacks among human and natural systems, which form when effects from one system
on another system feed back to affect the first system. Despite developments in understanding feedbacks in single disciplines,
interdisciplinary research on CHANS feedbacks to date is scant and often site-specific, a shortcoming that prevents complex
coupled systems from being fully understood. The special feature “Exploring Feedbacks in Coupled Human and
Natural Systems (CHANS)”...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: CHANS; Feedback; Policy; Sustainability; Telecoupling; Time lag.
Ano: 2015
Communication in Natural Resource Management: Agreement between and Disagreement within
Stakeholder Groups
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: de Nooy, Wouter; Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR), University of Amsterdam;
[email protected].
Communication among stakeholders is commonly held to improve agreement on facts and management goals. Results from
statistical network analyses of six natural resource management systems indicate that the effects of communication depend on
context. If communication affects stakeholder knowledge and values, it fosters agreement between stakeholder groups but it
results in more disagreement within stakeholder groups. In addition, more centralized communication networks have more
disagreement, especially within stakeholder groups, while co-management systems have more disagreement between stakeholder
groups. The results may reflect communication effects but also selection effects: the propensity of stakeholders or management
systems to establish communication...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Communication networks; Interpersonal communication; Network autocorrelation; Natural resource
management; Stakeholder groups.
Ano: 2013
Communicating Ecology Through Art: What Scientists Think
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Curtis, David J; University of New England; [email protected]; Reid, Nick; University of New England;
[email protected]; Ballard, Guy; University of New England; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Art and environment; Arts and society; Environmental behavior; Music; Performance; Scientific
communication; Social effects of the arts; Sustainability.
Ano: 2012
Perrow, M. R., and A. J. Davy, editors. 2002. Handbook of Ecological Restoration. Volume 1:
Principles of Restoration; Volume 2: Restoration in Practice. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, UK.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Allen, Anastasia; University of Wisconsin-Madison; [email protected]; Kercher, Suzanne; University of
Wisconsin-Madison; [email protected]; Larkin, Daniel; University of Wisconsin-Madison; [email protected]; Morzaria-Luna,
Hem-Nalini; University of Wisconsin-Madison; [email protected]; Peach, Michelle; University of Wisconsin-Madison;
[email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003
The State of the System and Steps Toward Resilience of Disturbance-dependent Oak Forests
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Knoot, Tricia G; Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University;
[email protected]; Schulte, Lisa A.; Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University;
[email protected]; Tyndall, John C.; Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University;
[email protected]; Palik, Brian J.; USDA Forest Service; [email protected].
Current ecological, economic, and social conditions present unique challenges to natural resource managers seeking to maintain
the resilience of disturbance-dependent ecosystems, such as oak (Quercus spp.) forests. Oak-dominated ecosystems throughout
the U.S. have historically been perpetuated through periodic disturbance, such as fire, but more recently show decline given
shifting disturbance regimes associated with human land management decisions.
We characterized the state of the
social-ecological oak forest ecosystem in the midwestern U.S. through the perspectives of 32 natural resource professionals.
Data from interviews with these change agents provided an integrative understanding of key system components, cross-scale
interactions, dependencies,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Oak forests; Privately-owned lands; Qualitative interviews; Resilience; Systems analysis.
Ano: 2010
Conservation and Development in Latin America and Southern Africa: Setting the Stage
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Romero, Claudia; Tropical Conservation and Development Program, Center for Latin American Studies, University of
Florida.; [email protected]; Athayde, Simone; Tropical Conservation and Development Program and Amazon Conservation
Leadership Initiative, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida.; [email protected]; Collomb, Jean-Gael E.;
Wildlife Conservation Network; [email protected]; DiGiano, Maria; Tropical Conservation and Development Program,
Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida; [email protected]; Schmink, Marianne; Tropical Conservation and
Development Program, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida.; [email protected]; Schramski,
Sam; Tropical Conservation and Development Program, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida;
[email protected]; Seales, Lisa; Tropical Conservation and Development Program, Center for Latin American Studies,
University of Florida; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Africa; Complex social-ecological systems; Conservation; Development; Knowledge networks; Local
institutions; Economic incentives; Latin America.
Ano: 2012
Challenges of achieving Good Environmental Status in the Northeast Atlantic
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Alexander, Karen A; Scottish Association for Marine Science; [email protected]; Kershaw, Peter; Centre
for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science; [email protected]; Cooper, Philip; School of Management,
University of Bath; [email protected]; Gilbert, Alison J.; Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University of Amsterdam;
[email protected]; Hall-Spencer, Jason M.; School of Marine Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth;
[email protected]; Heymans, Johanna J.; Scottish Association for Marine Science; [email protected];
Kannen, Andreas; Institute for Coastal Research, Helmholz-Zentrum Geesthacht; [email protected]; Los, Hans J.;
Deltares; [email protected]; O'Higgins, Tim; Scottish Association for Marine Science; Tim.O'[email protected];
O'Mahony, Cathal; Coastal & Marine Research Centre, University College Cork; [email protected]; Tett, Paul; Scottish
Association for Marine Science; [email protected]; Troost, Tineke A.; Deltares; [email protected]; van Beusekom,
Justus; Institute for Hydrobiology and Fisheries Science, University of Hamburg; [email protected].
The sustainable exploitation of marine ecosystem services is dependent on achieving and maintaining an adequate ecosystem state
to prevent undue deterioration. Within the European Union, the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) requires member
states to achieve Good Environmental Status (GEnS), specified in terms of 11 descriptors. We analyzed the complexity of
social-ecological factors to identify common critical issues that are likely to influence the achievement of GEnS in the Northeast
Atlantic (NEA) more broadly, using three case studies. A conceptual model developed using a soft systems approach highlights
the complexity of social and ecological phenomena that influence, and are likely to continue to influence, the state of ecosystems
in the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem-based management; Good Environmental Status; Northeast Atlantic; Soft systems methodology;
Trade-offs.
Ano: 2015
Water scarcity and oil palm expansion: social views and environmental processes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tarigan, Suria; Soil and Natural Resources Management, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia;
[email protected]; Agusta, Herdhata; Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia;
[email protected]; Gunawan, Dodo; Center of Climate Change and Air Quality, Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and
Geophysics, Jakarta, Indonesia; [email protected]; Hein, Jonas; Department for Environmental Policy and Natural
Resource Management, German Development Institute, Bonn, Germany; [email protected]; Hendrayanto, ; Forest
Management Department, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia; [email protected].
Conversions of natural ecosystems, e.g., from rain forests to managed plantations, result in significant changes in the hydrological
cycle including periodic water scarcity. In Indonesia, large areas of forest were lost and extensive oil palm plantations were
established over the last decades. We conducted a combined social and environmental study in a region of recent land-use change,
the Jambi Province on Sumatra. The objective was to derive complementary lines of arguments to provide balanced insights into
environmental perceptions and eco-hydrological processes accompanying land-use change. Interviews with villagers highlighted
concerns regarding decreasing water levels in wells during dry periods and increasing fluctuations in stream flow between...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Eco-hydrology; Environmental perception; Erosion; Evapotranspiration; Forest; Land-use change; Runoff; Rural
water supply; Streamflow; Transpiration.
Ano: 2016
The Past and Future of Colorado’s Forests: Connecting People and Ecology
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Binkley, Dan; Warner College of Natural Resources, Colorado State University; [email protected]; Duncan, Sally
L.; Oregon State University; [email protected].
The future composition, structure, and dynamics of forests in Colorado will develop in response to both ecological and social
factors. Key ecological factors that shaped forests in the past included a great diversity of climatic conditions that results from
complex topography and a broad range of elevations, as well as legacies of long-term climate changes and responses of plant and
animal species. The influence of direct and indirect human impacts has steadily increased over the past two centuries, changing
most forests. A workshop examined how goals of sustaining ecosystems and biodiversity will depend on a confluence of
ecological and social changes. Key themes from the workshop included an acknowledgment that the sheer complexity of factors
and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Forest landscape dynamics; Historical range of variation; Natural range of variation.
Ano: 2009
Merits and Limits of Ecosystem Protection for Conserving Wild Salmon in a Northern Coastal British
Columbia River
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hill, Aaron C.; Watershed Watch Salmon Society; Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana;
[email protected]; Bansak, Thomas S.; Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana; [email protected];
Ellis, Bonnie K.; Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana; [email protected]; Stanford, Jack A.;
Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Ecology; Fisheries management; Habitat; Kitlope River; Pacific salmon; Resilience; Salmon
stronghold.
Ano: 2010
The Nature of Culture and Keystones
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Garibaldi, Ann; University of Victoria; [email protected]; Turner, Nancy; University of Victoria; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2004
Two Cultures of Ecology
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Holling, C. S.; University of Florida; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1998
Responding to Globalization: Impacts of Certification on Colombian Small-Scale Coffee Growers
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rueda, Ximena; Department of Environmental Earth System Science, School of Earth Sciences, Stanford University;
School of Management, Universidad de los Andes; [email protected].
Eco-certification of food and other agricultural products has been promoted as a way of making markets work for sustainability.
Certification programs offer a price premium to producers who invest in more sustainable practices. The literature on the impacts
of certification has focused primarily on the economic benefits farmers perceive from participating in these schemes. These
benefits, however, are often subject to price variability, offering only a partial explanation of why farmers join and stay in
certification programs. We evaluated the potential of the Rainforest Alliance certification program to foster more resilient
social-ecological systems in the face of globalization. Using the case of Santander, Colombia, and a pair-based comparison of 86...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Coffee; Colombia; Eco-certification; Globalization; Land change.
Ano: 2013
Shellfish Fishery Severely Reduces Condition and Survival of Oystercatchers Despite Creation of
Large Marine Protected Areas
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Verhulst, Simon; Zoological Laboratory of the University of Groningen; [email protected]; Oosterbeek, Kees; ;
[email protected]; Rutten, Anne L; ; [email protected]; Ens, Bruno J; ALTERRA - Texel; [email protected].
Fisheries and other human activities pose a global threat to the marine environment. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are an
emerging tool to cope with such threats. In the Dutch Wadden Sea, large MPAs (covering 31% of all intertidal flats) have been
created to protect shellfish-eating birds and allow recovery of important habitats. Even though shellfish fishing is prohibited in
these areas, populations of shellfish-eating birds in the Wadden Sea have declined sharply. The role of shellfish fisheries in these
declines is hotly debated, therefore, we investigated the effectiveness of MPAs for protecting oystercatcher (Haematopus
ostralegus) populations. Shellfish stocks (cockles, Cerastoderma edule) were substantially higher in the MPAs, but surprisingly
this...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Buffy coat; Condition; Haematopus ostralegus; Hematocrit; Ideal free distribution; Marine reserves; Shellfish
fishery.
Ano: 2004
Biodiversity and Modernization in Four Coffee-producing Villages of Mexico
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Potvin, Catherine; McGill University; [email protected]; Owen, Claire T; ;; Melzi, Said; ;
[email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Coffee farming; Ecological and socioeconomic variables; Ecological statistics; Mexico; Modernization; Plant
richness; Traditional coffee garden.
Ano: 2005
Public Attitudes to GM Technology and Public Policy Comments
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Morris, Shane; University of Limerick; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2000
Integrated science and art education for creative climate change communication
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Jacobson, Susan K.; Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida; [email protected];
Seavey, Jennifer R; Shoals Marine Laboratory; School of Marine Science and Ocean Engineering, University of New Hampshire;
College of Agriculture and Life Science, Cornell University; [email protected]; Mueller, Robert C; School of Art and Art
History, University of Florida; [email protected].
An interdisciplinary field trip to a remote marine lab joined graduate students from fine arts and natural resource science
departments to think creatively about the topic of climate change and science communication. We followed a learning cycle
framework to allow the students to explore marine ecosystems and participate in scientific lectures, group discussions, and an
artist-led project making abstract collages representing climate change processes. Students subsequently worked in small groups
to develop environmental communication material for public visitors. We assessed the learning activity and the communication
product using pre- and post-field trip participant surveys, focus group discussions, and critiques by art and communication experts
of the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collage; Creativity; Education; Environment; Field trip; Interpretation; Peer learning; Survey.
Ano: 2016
A Biodiversity Informatics Approach to Ethnobotany: Meta-analysis of Plant Use Patterns in
Ecuador
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Balslev, Henrik; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University; [email protected]; Borchsenius, Finn;
Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University; [email protected].
We explored the relative importance of ecosystem diversity, socioeconomic, environmental, and geographical factors in
determining the pattern and diversity of people’s plant use in Ecuador, based on existing ethnobotanic investigations
and a large database of georeferenced plant collections. For each of 40 communities, we determined the number of plants used and
their distribution among 12 use categories. Plant species richness of the ecosystem surrounding each village was determined using
herbarium data and rarefaction. Variation in socioeconomic, environmental, and geographical indicator variables at the
community level was summarized using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Data were then analyzed using multiple regression
and ordination...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem diversity; Human– Plant interaction; Plant species richness; Socioeconomic
environmental and geographical factors.
Ano: 2012
Integrating Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Ecological Science: a Question of Scale
Provedor de dados: 7
The benefits and challenges of integrating traditional ecological knowledge and scientific knowledge have led to extensive
discussions over the past decades, but much work is still needed to facilitate the articulation and co-application of these two types
of knowledge. Through two case studies, we examined the integration of traditional ecological knowledge and scientific
knowledge by emphasizing their complementarity across spatial and temporal scales. We expected that combining Inuit traditional
ecological knowledge and scientific knowledge would expand the spatial and temporal scales of currently documented knowledge
on the arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) and the greater snow goose (Chen caerulescens atlantica), two important tundra species.
Using...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Arctic; Inuit; Protected area; Scale; Chen caerulescens atlantica; Traditional ecological knowledge; Vulpes
lagopus; Alopex lagopus; Local ecological knowledge; Scientific knowledge.
Ano: 2009
A Diagrammatic Approach to Understanding Complex Eco-Social Interactions in Kathmandu, Nepal
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Neudoerffer, R. Cynthia; University of Guelph; [email protected]; Waltner-Toews, David; University of Guelph;
[email protected]; Kay, James J.; Deceased 05/30/ 2004. Faculty of Environmental Studies, University of Waterloo;; Joshi,
D. D.; NZFHRC;; Tamang, Mukta S.; SAGUN;.
As part of developing an international network of community-based ecosystem approaches to health, a project was undertaken in a
densely populated and socio-economically diverse area of Kathmandu, Nepal. Drawing on hundreds of pages of narrative reports
based on surveys, interviews, secondary data, and focus groups by trained Nepalese facilitators, the authors created systemic
depictions of relationships between multiple stakeholder groups, ecosystem health, and human health. These were then combined
to examine interactions among stakeholders, activities, concerns, perceived needs, and resource states (ecosystem health
indicators). These qualitative models have provided useful heuristics for both community members and research scholars to
understand the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Complex systems theory; Ecosystem approaches; Human health; Kathmandu; Nepal; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2005
Creating restoration landscapes: partnerships in large-scale conservation in the UK
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Adams, William M.; Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; [email protected]; Hodge,
Ian D.; Department of Land Economy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; [email protected]; Macgregor, Nicholas A.;
Natural England, Nobel House, London, UK; Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and
Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK; [email protected]; Sandbrook, Lindsey C.;
Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; [email protected].
It is increasingly recognized that ecological restoration demands conservation action beyond the borders of existing protected
areas. This requires the coordination of land uses and management over a larger area, usually with a range of partners, which
presents novel institutional challenges for conservation planners. Interviews were undertaken with managers of a purposive
sample of large-scale conservation areas in the UK. Interviews were open-ended and analyzed using standard qualitative methods.
Results show a wide variety of organizations are involved in large-scale conservation projects, and that partnerships take time to
create and demand resilience in the face of different organizational practices, staff turnover, and short-term funding. Successful...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Conservation governance; Ecological restoration; Landscape-scale conservation;
Neoliberalism; Partnership.
Ano: 2016
Scaling Natal Dispersal Distances: Confounding Factors
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mayer, Audrey L; University of Cincinnati; [email protected]; Petren, Kenneth J; University of Cincinnati;;
Shelton, Alicia; ;; Cramer, Michael J; ;; Keane, Brian; ;; Markert, Jeffrey; ;; Heath, Ben; ;; Maurer, Eric; ;; Roberts, J. Andrew; ;;
Tonnis, Brandon; ;.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002
The global policy network behind integrated water resources management: is it an effective norm
diffusor?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kramer, Annika; adelphi research; [email protected]; Pahl-Wostl, Claudia; Institute of Environmental Systems
Research, University of Osnabrueck; [email protected].
Integrated water resources management (IWRM) has been recognized by many actors as the appropriate approach to respond to
challenges in water resources management in a sustainable way. The main players in developing and diffusing the IWRM concept
have included expert groups, international organizations, and multistakeholder platforms, which cooperated in various activities
promoting the IWRM concept, such as knowledge generation and sharing, capacity building, and monitoring. A loose network of
these actors has actively shaped and engaged in a global discourse on sustainable water resources management and managed to
authoritatively shape the IWRM concept. The processes behind the spread of the IWRM concept can thus be conceptualized as
development and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Integrated water resources management; Nonstate actors in global governance; Norm diffusion; Policy network;
Social learning.
Ano: 2014
Remarkable Properties of Human Ecosystems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Stepp, John Richard; University of Florida; [email protected]; Jones, Eric C; University of Georgia;;
Pavao-Zuckerman, Mitchell; ;; Casagrande, David; ;; Zarger, Rebecca K; ;.
This paper explores some of the remarkable properties that set human ecosystems apart from nonhuman ecosystems. The
identification of these properties provides a framework for bridging the theoretical and methodological divide between biological
ecology and human ecology. The unique information-processing capability of humans in ecosystems is central to this framework.
We discuss several manifestations of human cognitive and behavioral abilities, termed "remarkable properties" of human
ecosystems. A cross-cultural and historical approach is taken in demonstrating some of these properties. Related to these
properties are the ways in which complex functional and dysfunctional or maladaptive processes take place in human ecosystems.
We assert that one of the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecological anthropology; Human ecosystems; Information ecology; Remarkable properties.
Ano: 2003
The role of knowledge and power in climate change adaptation governance: a systematic literature
review
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Vink, Martinus J.; Public Administration and Policy Group, Wageningen University; [email protected]; Dewulf,
Art; Public Administration and Policy Group, Wageningen University; [email protected]; Termeer, Catrien; Public
Administration and Policy Group, Wageningen University; [email protected].
The long-term character of climate change and the high costs of adaptation measures, in combination with their uncertain effects,
turn climate adaptation governance into a torturous process. We systematically review the literature on climate adaptation
governance to analyze the scholarly understanding of these complexities. Building on governance literature about long-term and
complex policy problems, we develop a conceptual matrix based on the dimensions knowledge and power to systematically study
the peer-reviewed literature on climate adaptation governance. We find that about a quarter of the reviewed journal articles do not
address the knowledge or power dimension of the governance of climate change adaptation, about half of the articles discuss
either...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive institutions; Climate change; Governance of climate adaptation; Interactive framing; Learning;
Literature on climate adaptation; Models; Negotiating; Politics.
Ano: 2013
Integrating Ecological and Social Ranges of Variability in Conservation of Biodiversity: Past, Present,
and Future
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Duncan, Sally L.; Institute for Natural Resources, Oregon State University; [email protected]; McComb,
Brenda C; University of Masschusetts-Amherst; [email protected]; Johnson, K. Norman; College of Forestry,
Oregon State University; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Forests; Future range of variability; Historical range of variability; Social acceptability; Social range of
variability.
Ano: 2010
Irrigation experiments in the lab: trust, environmental variability, and collective action
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Baggio, Jacopo A.; Center for Behavior, Institutions and the Environment, Arizona State University; Department of
Environment and Society, Utah State University; [email protected]; Rollins, Nathan D.; Center for Behavior, Institutions and the
Environment, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University; [email protected]; Janssen, Marco
A.; Center for Behavior, Institutions and the Environment, School of Sustainability, Arizona State University;
[email protected].
Research on collective action and common-pool resources is extensive. However, little work has concentrated on the effect of
variability in resource availability and collective action, especially in the context of asymmetric access to resources. Earlier works
have demonstrated that environmental variability often leads to a reduction of collective action in the governance of shared
resources. Here we assess how environmental variability may impact collective action. We performed a behavioral experiment
involving an irrigation dilemma. In this dilemma participants invested first into a public fund that generated water resources for
the group, which were subsequently appropriated by one participant at a time from head end to tail end. The amount of resource...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Asymmetry; Common-pool resources; Feedbacks; Laboratory experiments; Trust; Variability.
Ano: 2015
Adapting prospective structural analysis to strengthen sustainable management and capacity building
in community-based natural resource management contexts
Provedor de dados: 7
Local communities collectively managing common pool resources can play an important role in sustainable management, but they
often lack the skills and context-specific tools required for such management. The complex dynamics of social-ecological systems
(SES), the need for management capacities, and communities’ limited empowerment and participation skills present
challenges for community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) strategies. We analyzed the applicability of prospective
structural analysis (PSA), a strategic foresight tool, to support decision making and to foster sustainable management and capacity
building in CBNRM contexts and the modifications necessary to use the tool in such contexts. By testing PSA in three SES in
Colombia,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Argentina; Colombia; Latin America; Local knowledge; Mexico; Participatory techniques; Social-ecological
systems; Strategic foresight.
Ano: 2016
Illusions of empowerment? Questioning policy and practice of community forestry in Kenya
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Chomba, Susan W.; University of Copenhagen; ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins;
[email protected]; Nathan, Iben; University of Copenhagen; [email protected]; Minang, Peter A.; ASB Partnership for the
Tropical Forest Margins; World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF); [email protected]; Sinclair, Fergus; Bangor University,
Wales; World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF); [email protected].
The extent to which community forestry (CF) contributes to empowerment of local communities remains hotly contested. We
develop a unified theory of empowerment at the intersection of asset-based agency and institution-based opportunity and apply it
to examine the extent to which the implementation of CF has led to local empowerment. Our empirical data are drawn from
review of national level policies and a field study of Ngare Ndare Community Forest Association (CFA) in Kenya. We
investigated what types of powers were transferred to the local level, how representative the local institution was of the local
community, and how its formation and composition affected the empowerment of socially and economically differentiated groups,
with competing claims over...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Community forestry; Empowerment; Kenya; Representation.
Ano: 2015
Economics and Ecology: The Need for Detente in Conservation Ecology
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: O'Neill, Robert V; ; [email protected]; Kahn, James R; Department of Economics,University of Tennessee;
[email protected]; Russell, Clifford S; Institute for Public Policy Studies, Vanderbilt University; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Economics and ecology; Scale.
Ano: 1998
Comments on "Cross-cultural Conflicts in Fire Management in Northern Australia: Not so Black and
White" by Alan Andersen
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Elmqvist, Thomas; Stockholm University; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cultural conflicts; Ecosystem management; Fire; Natural resources.
Ano: 2000
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+): Transaction Costs of Six
Peruvian Projects
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Paavola , Jouni; Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy (CCCEP); Sustainability Research Institute, School
of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds; [email protected]; Healey, John R.; School of Environment, Natural
Resources and Geography, Bangor University ; [email protected]; Jones, Julia P.G.; School of Environment, Natural
Resources and Geography, Bangor University ; [email protected]; Baker, Timothy R.; School of Geography, University of
Leeds; [email protected].
Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) has received strong support as a major component of
future global climate change policy. The financial mechanism of REDD+ is payment for the ecosystem service of carbon
sequestration in tropical forests that is expected to create incentives for conservation of forest cover and condition. However, the
costs of achieving emissions reduction by these means remain largely unknown. We assess the set-up, implementation, and
monitoring costs, i.e., collectively the transaction costs, of six of the first seven REDD+ project designs from the Peruvian
Amazon and compare them with established projects in Brazil and Bolivia. The estimated costs vary greatly among the assessed
projects from US$0.16 to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Additionality; Amazon; Peru; REDD+; Set-up implementation and monitoring costs; Transaction costs.
Ano: 2013
Social-Ecological Guilds: Putting People into Marine Historical Ecology
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Shackeroff, Janna M; International Coordinator NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program ; [email protected];
Campbell, Lisa M; Duke University; [email protected]; Crowder, Larry B; Duke University Marine Laboratory;
[email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Coral reefs; Local ecological knowledge; Marine historical ecology; Social-ecological systems;
Traditional ecological knowledge.
Ano: 2011
Managing the Resilience of Lakes: A Multi-agent Modeling Approach
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Janssen, Marco A; Indiana University; [email protected]; Carpenter, Stephen R; University of
Wisconsin-Madison; [email protected].
We demonstrate an approach for integrating social and ecological models to study ecosystem management strategies. We focus on
the management of lake eutrophication. A model has been developed in which the dynamics of the lake, the learning dynamics of
society, and the interactions between ecology and society are included. Analyses with the model show that active learning is
important to retain the resilience of lakes. Although very low levels of phosphorus in the water will not be reached, active learning
reduce the chance of catastrophic high phosphorus levels.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Active learning; Eutrophication; Integrated modeling; Lake dynamics; Lake management; Multi-agent
modeling; Phosphorus; Resilience; Restoration; Simulation.
Ano: 1999
The Elephant that is Biotechnology: Comments on "Genetically Modified Crops: Risks and Promise"
by Gordon Conway
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ellstrand, Norman; University of California, Riverside; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ethics; Genetically engineered crops; Plant biotechnology; Specialists vs. generalists; Transgene.
Ano: 2000
Environmental Vulnerability Index for the Island of Tobago, West Indies
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gowrie, Marissa N; University of the West Indies; [email protected].
This study investigated the environmental vulnerability index (EVI) for the island of Tobago. Based on the EVI study developed
by the South Pacific Applied Geosciences Commission (SOPAC), the vulnerability index was determined for anthropogenic,
meteorological, biological, and geological events and for general country characteristics. Written requests for information were
made through appropriate government ministries, state agencies, private companies, and other environmental organizations, and
the relevant data were obtained from available documents or interviews with appropriate professionals. These data were then used
to calculate the values of the environmental indicators as directed by SOPAC, and the overall EVI for Tobago was determined by
the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Environmental vulnerability index; South Pacific Applied Geosciences Commission; Tobago; Anthropogenic
hazards; Calculation method.
Ano: 2003
Trust: the Critical Element for Successful Watershed Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Flitcroft, Rebecca; USDA Forest Service Research Lab ; [email protected]; Dedrick, Dana C; Long Tom
Watershed Council Executive Director; [email protected]; Smith, Courtland L; Department of Anthropology, Oregon
State University; [email protected]; Thieman, Cynthia A; Long Tom Watershed Council Restoration Director ;
[email protected]; Bolte, John P; Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Community; Management; ; Social structure; Watersheds.
Ano: 2010
Predators on private land: broad-scale socioeconomic interactions influence large predator
management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Clements, Hayley S; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, South
Africa; [email protected]; Cumming, Graeme S; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence,
University of Cape Town, South Africa; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Australia;
[email protected]; Kerley, Graham I. H.; Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan
University, South Africa; [email protected].
The proliferation of private land conservation areas (PLCAs) is placing increasing pressure on conservation authorities to
effectively regulate their ecological management. Many PLCAs depend on tourism for income, and charismatic large mammal
species are considered important for attracting international visitors. Broad-scale socioeconomic factors therefore have the
potential to drive fine-scale ecological management, creating a systemic scale mismatch that can reduce long-term sustainability
in cases where economic and conservation objectives are not perfectly aligned. We assessed the socioeconomic drivers and
outcomes of large predator management on 71 PLCAs in South Africa. Owners of PLCAs that are stocking free-roaming large
predators identified revenue...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cheetah Acinonyx jubatus; Cross-scale interaction; Ecotourism; Financial objectives; Lion Panthera leo;
Minimum area requirements; Predator management; Social-ecological.
Ano: 2016
Variation in Native Bee Faunas and its Implications for Detecting Community Changes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Williams, Neal M; University of Calgary; [email protected]; Minckley, Robert L; University of Utah;
[email protected]; Silveira, Fernando A; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; [email protected].
Changes in flower-visiting insect populations or communities that result from human impacts can be documented by measuring
spatial or temporal trends, or by comparing abundance or species composition before and after disturbance. The level of naturally
occurring variation in populations and communities over space and time will dictate the sampling effort required to detect
human-induced changes. We compiled a set of existing surveys of the bee faunas of natural communities from around the world to
examine patterns of abundance and richness. We focused on a subset of these studies to illustrate variation in bee communities
among different sites and within sites over different spatial and temporal scales. We used examples from our compilation and
other...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Apiformes; Apoidea; Faunal surveys; Flower-visiting insects; Functional groups; Monitoring long-term changes;
Sampling protocol; Solitary bees; Species composition; Species richness; Worldwide bee faunas.
Ano: 2001
Frames of Scale Challenges in Finnish and Greek Biodiversity Conservation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Apostolopoulou, Evangelia; Department of Ecology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki ;
[email protected]; Paloniemi, Riikka ; Environmental Policy Centre, Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE);
[email protected].
Global conservation expansion has been associated with significant changes in cross-scale interactions and in the discourses
surrounding them engendering new scale challenges in the field of biodiversity conservation. In this paper, we analyze frames of
scale challenges by drawing on evidence from eight focus groups of stakeholders and scientists from Greece and Finland. By
following a systematic frame analysis we found three dominant frames. First, framing scale challenges as mainly derived from
knowledge gaps regarding ecological scale emphasizes the scale problems occurring when only limited consideration is given to
the scale-dependence of ecological phenomena. This prioritizes the formulation of scientifically informed conservation policies,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity governance; Conservation areas; Fit; Frames; Learning; Mismatch; Power; Scale.
Ano: 2012
Tropical Deforestation, Community Forests, and Protected Areas in the Maya Forest
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bray, David Barton; Florida International University; [email protected]; Duran, Elvira; Centro Interdisciplinario de
Investigacion para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Unidad Oaxaca; [email protected]; Ramos, Victor Hugo; Wildlife
Conservation Society-Guatemala; [email protected]; Mas, Jean-Francois; Universidad Autonoma de Mexico;
[email protected]; Velazquez, Alejandro; Universidad Autonoma de Mexico; [email protected]; McNab, Roan Balas;
Wildlife Conservation Society-Guatemala; [email protected]; Barry, Deborah; Center for International Forestry Research;
[email protected]; Radachowsky, Jeremy; University of Florida; [email protected].
Community forests and protected areas have each been proposed as strategies to stop deforestation. These management strategies
should be regarded as hypotheses to be evaluated for their effectiveness in particular places. We evaluated the community-forestry
hypothesis and the protected-area hypothesis in community forests with commercial timber production and strict protected areas
in the Maya Forest of Guatemala and Mexico. From land-use and land cover change (LUCC) maps derived from satellite images,
we compared deforestation in 19 community forests and 11 protected areas in both countries in varying periods from 1988 to
2005. Deforestation rates were higher in protected areas than in community forests, but the differences were not significant. An...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Community forest management; Guatemala; Land-use and land cover change analysis; Logging; Mexico;
Protected areas.
Ano: 2008
Uncertain Emission Reductions from Forest Conservation: REDD in the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Watson, Charlene; London School of Economics and Political Science; [email protected]; Mourato, Susana; London
School of Economics and Political Science; [email protected]; Milner-Gulland, E. J.; Imperial College London;
[email protected].
The environmental integrity of a mechanism rewarding Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) depends
on appropriate accounting for emission reductions. Largely stemming from a lack of forest data in developing countries, emission
reductions accounting contains substantial uncertainty as a result of forest carbon stock estimates, where the application of
biome-averaged data over large forest areas is commonplace. Using a case study in the Bale Mountains in Ethiopia, we exemplify
the implications of primary and secondary forest carbon stock estimates on predicted REDD project emission reductions and
revenues. Primary data estimate area-weighted mean forest carbon stock of 195 tC/ha ± 81, and biome-averaged data
reported by the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Deforestation; Emission reductions accounting; Ethiopia; Forest carbon stocks; REDD; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2013
Hydrological and economic effects of oil palm cultivation in Indonesian peatlands
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sumarga, Elham; School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung; [email protected]; Hein,
Lars; Environmental System Analysis Group, Wageningen University; [email protected]; Hooijer, Aljosja; Deltares;
[email protected]; Vernimmen, Ronald; Deltares; [email protected].
Oil palm has increasingly been established on peatlands throughout Indonesia. One of the concerns is that the drainage required
for cultivating oil palm in peatlands leads to soil subsidence, potentially increasing future flood risks. This study analyzes the
hydrological and economic effects of oil palm production in a peat landscape in Central Kalimantan. We examine two land use
scenarios, one involving conversion of the complete landscape including a large peat area to oil palm plantations, and another
involving mixed land use including oil palm plantations, jelutung (jungle rubber; (Dyera spp.) plantations, and natural forest. The
hydrological effect was analyzed through flood risk modeling using a high-resolution digital elevation model. For the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Flood risk modeling; Indonesia; Jelutung; Oil palm; Peat.
Ano: 2016
Policy Dialogue: Genetically Modified Organisms in Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Holling, C. S.; University of Florida; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2000
Adaptive Comanagement and Its Relationship to Environmental Governance
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Plummer, Ryan; Brock University, Canada; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Sweden; [email protected];
Armitage, Derek R; University of Waterloo, Canada; [email protected]; de Loë, Rob C; University of
Waterloo, Canada; [email protected].
We provide a systematic review of the adaptive comanagement (ACM) literature to (i) investigate how the concept of governance
is considered and (ii) examine what insights ACM offers with reference to six key concerns in environmental governance
literature: accountability and legitimacy; actors and roles; fit, interplay, and scale; adaptiveness, flexibility, and learning;
evaluation and monitoring; and, knowledge. Findings from the systematic review uncover a complicated relationship with
evidence of conceptual closeness as well as relational ambiguities. The findings also reveal several specific contributions from the
ACM literature to each of the six key environmental governance concerns, including applied strategies for sharing power and
responsibility...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive comanagement; Adaptive governance; Environmental governance; Integrated management; Multilevel
governance; Resilience; Systematic review.
Ano: 2013
Consequences of Environmental Service Payments for Forest Retention and Recruitment in a Costa
Rican Biological Corridor
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Morse, Wayde C; Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE); University of Idaho-Moscow;
[email protected]; Schedlbauer, Jessica L; Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE); University
of Idaho-Moscow; [email protected]; Sesnie, Steven E; Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE);
University of Idaho-Moscow;; Finegan, Bryan; Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE);; Harvey,
Celia A; Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE); Conservation International;; Hollenhorst, Steven
J; University of Idaho-Moscow;; Kavanagh, Kathleen L; University of Idaho-Moscow;; Stoian, Dietmar; Tropical Agricultural
Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE);; Wulfhorst, J. D.; University of Idaho-Moscow;.
Compensation to landowners for forest-derived environmental services has gained international recognition as a mechanism to
combat forest loss and fragmentation. This approach is widely promoted, although there is little evidence demonstrating that
environmental service payments encourage forest stewardship and conservation. Costa Rica provides a unique case study in which
a 1996 Forestry Law initiated environmental service payments and prohibited forest conversion to other land uses. We examined
these novel policies to determine their influence on landowner decisions that affect forest change, carbon services, and
connectivity in a 2425 km² biological corridor. We used Landsat images to compare land-cover changes before and
after 1996, and linked...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2009
Cross-cultural Conflicts in Fire Management in Northern Australia: Not so Black and White
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Andersen, Alan; Wildlife and Ecology, CSIRO Tropical Ecosystems Research Centre; [email protected].
European ("scientific") and Aboriginal ("experiential") perspectives on fire management in northern Australia are often contrasted
with each other. For Europeans, management is portrayed as a science-based, strategically directed and goal-oriented exercise
aimed at achieving specific ecological outcomes. In contrast, landscape burning by Aboriginal people is more of an emergent
property, diffusely arising from many uses of fire that serve social, cultural, and spiritual, as well as ecological, needs. Aboriginal
knowledge is acquired through tradition and personal experience, rather than through the scientific paradigm of hypothesis testing.
Here I argue that, in practice, science plays only a marginal role in European fire management in northern Australia....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Aboriginal burning; Adaptive management; Australia; Cross-cultural conflict; Fire ecology; Land management;
Management culture; Performance indicators; Science culture; Strategic goals; Traditional fire ecology and management.
Ano: 1999
Human–Nature Relationship in Mediterranean Streams: Integrating Different Types of
Knowledge to Improve Water Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Clemente, Adelaide; Environmental Biology Centre, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon; [email protected];
Nielsen, Kurt Aagaard; Department of Environmental, Social and Spatial Change, University of Roskilde; [email protected];
Branquinho, Cristina; Environmental Biology Centre, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon; [email protected].
The social and ecological systems of Mediterranean streams are intrinsically linked as a result of long human occupation. In this
region, these links vary greatly across small distances due to geomorphology, resulting in great diversity across space, which
poses particular challenges for understanding and managing these systems. This demands (i) interdisciplinary integration of
knowledge that focuses on the social–ecological interactions, while according due consideration to the whole; and
also (ii) transdisciplinary integration, integrating lay and expert knowledge to understand local specificities. To address these
needs—a focus on interactions and local knowledge—the research presented here studies the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Co-evolution; Ecological indicators; Interdisciplinary; Local knowledge; Natural resource management;
Portugal; Social– Ecological systems; Transdisciplinary.
Ano: 2009
Scenarios for Ecosystem Services: An Overview
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Carpenter, Stephen R; University of Wisconsin-Madison; [email protected]; Bennett, Elena M; University of
Wisconsin-Madison; [email protected]; Peterson, Garry D; McGill University; [email protected].
The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) scenarios address changes in ecosystem services and their implications for human
well-being. Ecological changes pose special challenges for long-term thinking, because of the possibility of regime shifts that
occur rapidly yet alter the availability of ecosystem services for generations. Moreover, ecological feedbacks can intensify human
modification of ecosystems, creating a spiral of poverty and ecosystem degradation. Such complex dynamics were evaluated by a
mixture of qualitative and quantitative analyses in the MA scenarios. Collectively, the scenarios explore problems such as the
connections of poverty reduction and ecosystem services, and trade-offs among ecosystem services.
Several promising
approaches are...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Ambiguity; Ecological change; Ecosystem services; Poverty reduction; Regime shift;
Resilience; Response diversity; Scenarios uncertainty.
Ano: 2006
Does Participatory Planning Foster the Transformation Toward More Adaptive Social-Ecological
Systems?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Menzel, Susanne; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Economics and Social Sciences;
[email protected]; Buchecker, Matthias; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Economics and
Social Sciences; [email protected].
The need for social-ecological systems to become more adaptive is widely acknowledged. Social effects generated by
participatory planning have been claimed to contribute to this transformation, but little empirical evidence is available that backs
up or opposes this notion. We aimed to offer some insights regarding questions as to which social effects are formed in
participatory planning processes and at what costs, and to then discuss their contribution to the transformation toward more
adaptive social-ecological systems based on empirical evidence. Consequently, we investigated the social effects of participatory
planning processes, including the social learning processes leading to them. We conducted semistructured interviews with
members of advisory...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Comanagement; Participatory planning; Planning costs; Qualitative research; Social capital; Social learning;
Time requirements.
Ano: 2013
Protocol and Practice in the Adaptive Management of Waterfowl Harvests
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Johnson, Fred; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; [email protected]; Williams, Ken; ;
[email protected].
Waterfowl harvest management in North America, for all its success, historically has had several shortcomings, including a lack
of well-defined objectives, a failure to account for uncertain management outcomes, and inefficient use of harvest regulations to
understand the effects of management. To address these and other concerns, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service began
implementation of adaptive harvest management in 1995. Harvest policies are now developed using a Markov decision process in
which there is an explicit accounting for uncontrolled environmental variation, partial controllability of harvest, and structural
uncertainty in waterfowl population dynamics. Current policies are passively adaptive, in the sense that any reduction in
structural...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Harvest; Hunting regulations; Markov decision process; Migratory birds; Optimization;
Uncertainty; Waterfowl.
Ano: 1999
Climate-induced community relocations: using integrated social-ecological assessments to foster
adaptation and resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bronen, Robin; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Alaska Institute for Justice; [email protected].
Extreme weather events coupled with sea level rise and erosion will cause coastal and riverine areas where people live and
maintain livelihoods to disappear permanently. Adaptation to these environmental changes, including the permanent relocation
of millions of people, requires new governance tools. In the USA, local governments, often with state-level and national-level
support, will be primarily responsible for protecting residents from climate-change impacts and implementing policies needed to
protect their welfare. Government agencies have a variety of tools to facilitate protection in place and managed coastal retreat
but have very limited tools to facilitate community relocation. In addition, no institutional mechanism currently exists to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; Coastal retreat; Community relocation; Social-ecological monitoring and
assessment.
Ano: 2015
Shorter Fallow Cycles Affect the Availability of Noncrop Plant Resources in a Shifting Cultivation
System
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dalle, Sarah Paule; Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus of McGill University;
[email protected]; de Blois, Sylvie; Department of Plant Science and McGill School of Environment, McGill
University; [email protected].
Shifting cultivation systems, one of the most widely distributed forms of agriculture in the tropics, provide not only crops of
cultural significance, but also medicinal, edible, ritual, fuel, and forage resources, which contribute to the livelihoods, health, and
cultural identity of local people. In many regions across the globe, shifting cultivation systems are undergoing important changes,
one of the most pervasive being a shortening of the fallow cycle. Although there has been much attention drawn to declines in
crop yields in conjunction with reductions in fallow times, little if any research has focused on the dynamics of noncrop plant
resources.
In this paper, we use a data set of 26 fields of the same age, i.e., ~1.5 yr, but differing in the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agricultural intensification; Ethnobotany; Fuelwood; Land-use change; Mexico; Milpa; Quintana Roo; Resource
scarcity; Slash-and-burn; Swidden agriculture; Tropical succession; Wild plant resources; Yucatec Maya.
Ano: 2006
Sustainability and Resilience in Boreal Regions: Sources and Consequences of Variability
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pastor, John; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; [email protected]; Light, Steve; Inistitute for
Agriculture and Trade Policy; [email protected]; Sovell, Laurie; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources;
[email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1998
Urbanization Drives a Reduction in Functional Diversity in a Guild of Nectar-feeding Birds
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pauw, Anton ; Stellenbosch University; [email protected]; Louw, Kirsten; Published posthumously;.
Urbanization is a widespread and rapidly growing threat to biodiversity, therefore we need a predictive understanding of its effects
on species and ecosystem processes. In this paper we study the impact of urbanization on a guild of nectar-feeding birds in a
biodiversity hotspot at the Cape of Africa. The guild of four bird species provides important ecosystem services by pollinating 320
plant species in the Cape Floral Region. Functional diversity within the guild is related to differences in bill length. The
long-billed Malachite Sunbird (Nectarinia famosa) plays an irreplaceable role as the exclusive pollinator of plant species with long
nectar tubes. We analyzed the composition of the guild in suburban gardens of Cape Town along a gradient of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bird pollination; Citizen science; Ecosystem services; Hummingbird feeders; Mobile link organism; Mutualism
disruption; Nectarivore; Resilience; Urban ecology; Urban planning.
Ano: 2012
Novelty, Rigor, and Diversity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Holling, C. S.; University of Florida; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1998
Understanding Complex Human Ecosystems: The Case of Ecotourism on Bonaire
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Abel, Thomas; National Taipei University; [email protected].
It is suggested that ecotourism development on the island of Bonaire can be productively understood as a perturbation of a
complex human ecosystem. Inputs associated with ecotourism have fueled transformations of the island ecology and sociocultural
system. The results of this study indicate that Bonaire's social and economic hierarchy is approaching a new, stable systems state
following a 50-yr transition begun by government and industry that stabilized with the appearance of ecotourism development and
population growth. Ecotourism can be understood to have "filled in" the middle of the production hierarchy of Bonaire.
Interpreted from this perspective, population growth has completed the transformation by expanding into production niches at
smaller...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bonaire; Complex systems; Cultural evolution; Ecological economics; Ecosystems; Emergy; Human
demography; Political ecology; Social structure; Sociocultural systems; World systems.
Ano: 2003
A Tool and Process that Facilitate Community Capacity Building and Social Learning for Natural
Resource Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Raymond, Christopher M; Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University; Enviroconnect Pty Ltd;
[email protected]; Cleary, Jen; Centre for Rural Health and Community Development, University of South
Australia; [email protected].
This study presents a self-assessment tool and process that facilitate community capacity building and social learning for natural
resource management. The tool and process provide opportunities for rural landholders and project teams both to self-assess their
capacity to plan and deliver natural resource management (NRM) programs and to reflect on their capacities relative to other
organizations and institutions that operate in their region. We first outline the tool and process and then present a critical review of
the pilot in the South Australian Arid Lands NRM region, South Australia. Results indicate that participants representing local,
organizational, and institutional tiers of government were able to arrive at a group consensus position on the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Co-management; Community capacity; Environmental management; Participatory action
research.
Ano: 2013
Forestry and Road Development: Direct and Indirect Impacts from an Aboriginal Perspective.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Adam, Marie-Christine; UQAM-CEF; [email protected]; Kneeshaw, Daniel; UQAM-CEF;
[email protected]; Beckley, Tom M; UNB faculty of forestry and environmental management; [email protected].
The forest industry is a significant contributor to the development of roads and most are constructed on Aboriginal territories.
Many Aboriginal communities are isolated both socially and economically and Aboriginal cultures are often described as having
inherent socio-environmental relationships. Aboriginal communities, therefore, may be the most likely to benefit and be most
vulnerable to the impacts of road development. We use a case study approach to explore how an Aboriginal community interprets
and responds to the increasing development of roads in its territory. The results are interpreted using the theory of access in order
to frame the interactions between people and nature within a cohesive system which includes elements which are spatially...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Forest roads; Aboriginal access theory; Traditional occupation; Socio-environmental; Integration.
Ano: 2012
Child Participation for Conservation of Species and Ecosystems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pandey, Pushp Deep; Innovative Science Group; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003
Understanding Household Connectivity and Resilience in Marginal Rural Communities through
Social Network Analysis in the Village of Habu, Botswana
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cassidy, Lin; Okavango Research Institute, University of Botswana; [email protected]; Barnes, Grenville D.;
School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida; [email protected].
Adaptability is emerging as a key issue not only in the climate change debate but in the general area of sustainable development.
In this context, we examine the link between household resilience and connectivity in a rural community in Botswana. We see
resilience and vulnerability as the positive and negative dimensions of adaptability. Poor, marginal rural communities confronted
with the vagaries of climate change, will need to become more resilient if they are to survive and thrive. We define resilience as
the capacity of a social–ecological system to cope with shocks such as droughts or economic crises without changing
its fundamental identity. We make use of three different indices of household resilience: livelihood diversity, wealth,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Capital; Household connectivity; Household resilience; Social networks.
Ano: 2012
Trade-offs across Space, Time, and Ecosystem Services
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Beard, Jr., T. Douglas; U.S. Geological Survey; [email protected]; Bennett, Elena M; McGill University;
[email protected]; Cumming, Graeme S.; University of Florida; [email protected]; Cork, Steven J; Land &
Water Australia; [email protected]; Agard, John; University of the West Indies; [email protected] / [email protected];
Dobson, Andrew P.; Princeton University; [email protected]; Peterson, Garry D.; McGill University;
[email protected].
Ecosystem service (ES) trade-offs arise from management choices made by humans, which can change the type, magnitude, and
relative mix of services provided by ecosystems. Trade-offs occur when the provision of one ES is reduced as a consequence of
increased use of another ES. In some cases, a trade-off may be an explicit choice; but in others, trade-offs arise without
premeditation or even awareness that they are taking place. Trade-offs in ES can be classified along three axes: spatial scale,
temporal scale, and reversibility. Spatial scale refers to whether the effects of the trade-off are felt locally or at a distant location.
Temporal scale refers to whether the effects take place relatively rapidly or slowly. Reversibility expresses the likelihood...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment; Space; Time; Synergisms; Trade-offs.
Ano: 2006
Separating Adaptive Maintenance (Resilience) and Transformative Capacity of Social-Ecological
Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wilson, Samuel; Melbourne Sustainable Society Institute, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Present address:
School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University, Australia;; Pearson, Leonie J; Melbourne Sustainable Society Institute,
The University of Melbourne, Australia; Land and Environment, The University of Melbourne, Australia;
[email protected]; Kashima, Yoshihisa; Melbourne Sustainable Society Institute, The University of Melbourne, Australia;
Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia;; Lusher, Dean; Swinburne Institute of Social Research,
Swinburne University of Technology, 3122 Australia;; Pearson, Craig; Melbourne Sustainable Society Institute, The University of
Melbourne, Australia;.
Many rural communities are vulnerable social-ecological systems (SES) that must do more than become resilient to future
environmental and social shocks: they must transform to achieve sustainability. We aimed first to conceptually explore the
proposition that SES characteristics (identity, feedbacks, structure, and functions) necessary for transformation may be distinct
from those necessary for adaptive maintenance or resilience, and second, to propose metrics that may be used to assess these two
types of system changes. We did this by interrogating literature and by investigating two rural towns in Australia using a
combination of quantitative methods and focus groups to interrogate community social networks, capitals (human, natural, built,
and social)...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Australia; Feedbacks; Functions; Identity; Structure.
Ano: 2013
Women and Children First: the Gendered and Generational Social-ecology of Smaller-scale
Fisheries in Newfoundland and Labrador and Northern Norway
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Neis, Barbara; Memorial University of Newfoundland; [email protected]; Power, Nicole G.; Memorial University of
Newfoundland; [email protected].
The resilience of small-scale fisheries in developed and developing countries has been used to provide lessons to conventional
managers regarding ways to transition toward a social-ecological approach to understanding and managing fisheries. We
contribute to the understanding of the relationship between management and the resilience of small-scale fisheries in developed
countries by looking at these dynamics in the wake of the shock of stock collapse and fisheries closures in two contexts:
Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, and northern Norway. We revisit and update previous research on the gendered effects of
the collapse and closure of the Newfoundland and Labrador northern cod fishery and the closure of the Norwegian cod fishery in
the early 1990s and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Gender; Resilience; Small-scale fisheries; Social-ecological approach; Youth.
Ano: 2013
Comparison of Frameworks for Analyzing Social-ecological Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Binder, Claudia R.; University of Munich; [email protected]; Hinkel, Jochen; Global Climate Forum e.V. (GCF)
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research; [email protected]; Bots, Pieter W. G.; Delft University of
Technology; [email protected].
In this paper we compare 10 established frameworks for analyzing social-ecological systems. We limited ourselves to frameworks
that were explicitly designed to be used by a wider community of researchers and practitioners. Although all these frameworks
seem to have emerged from the need for concepts that permit structured, interdisciplinary reasoning about complex problems in
social-ecological systems, they differ significantly with respect to contextual and structural criteria, such as conceptualization of
the ecological and social systems and their interrelation. It appears that three main criteria suffice to produce a classification of
frameworks that may be used as a decision tree when choosing a framework for analysis. These criteria are (i) whether a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Anthropocentric; Conceptualization; Decision tree; Dynamics; Ecocentric; Ecological system; Framework;
Human-environment systems; Social-ecological systems; Social system.
Ano: 2013
Resilience Pivots: Stability and Identity in a Social-Ecological-Cultural System
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rotarangi, Stephanie J.; University of Otago;; Stephenson, Janet; University of Otago; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cultural resilience; Ecological resilience; Forestry; Identity; New Zealand Maori; Resilience; Social resilience;
Stability.
Ano: 2014
The Role of Participatory Modeling in Landscape Approaches to Reconcile Conservation and
Development
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sandker, Marieke; Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain; [email protected]; Campbell, Bruce M.; Center
for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia; Challenge Program for Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security,
University of Copenhagen, Denmark; [email protected]; Sayer, Jeffrey A.; International Union for Conservation of Nature,
Gland, Switzerland; Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia ;
[email protected]; Cowling, Richard; Botany Department, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South
Africa; [email protected]; Kassa, Habtemariam; Center for International Forestry Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;
[email protected]; Knight, Andrew T.; Botany Department, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South
Africa; current affiliation: Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South
Africa; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation and development; Landscape approach; Multiple stakeholders; Natural resource policy;
Participatory modeling; Systems modeling.
Ano: 2010
Is There Potential for the Historical Range of Variability to Guide Conservation Given the Social
Range of Variability?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Thompson, Jonathan R; Harvard University; Oregon State University; [email protected]; Duncan, Sally L.;
Oregon State University; [email protected]; Johnson, K. Norman; Oregon State University;
[email protected].
Using the historical range of forest conditions as a reference for managing landscapes has been proposed as a coarse-filter
approach to biodiversity conservation. By emulating historical disturbance processes, it is thought that forest management can
produce forest composition and structure similar to the conditions that once supported the native biota. A recent project was
designed to integrate social and ecological findings to investigate the important relationships between the state of ecological
understanding of a region, the state of the region’s biodiversity, and the state of the region’s social
understanding of how it might be managed for biodiversity conservation into the future. The project relied on established concepts
of the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Future range of variability; Historical range of variability; Social acceptance; Social range of variability.
Ano: 2009
Conserving agrobiodiversity amid global change, migration, and nontraditional livelihood networks:
the dynamic uses of cultural landscape knowledge
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Zimmerer, Karl S.; Department of Geography, Earth and Environmental Systems Institute (EESI), Penn State Institutes
for Energy and the Environment (PSIEE); [email protected].
I examined agrobiodiversity in smallholder cultural landscapes with the goal of offering new insights into management and policy
options for the resilience-based in situ conservation and social-ecological sustainability of local, food-producing crop types, i.e.,
landraces. I built a general, integrative approach to focus on both land use and livelihood functions of crop landraces in the
context of nontraditional, migration-related livelihoods amid global change. The research involved a multimethod, case-study
design focused on a cultural landscape of maize, i.e., corn, growing in the Andes of central Bolivia, which is a global hot spot for
this crop’s agrobiodiversity. Central questions included the following: (1) What are major agroecological...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cultural landscapes; Knowledge systems; Maize; Phenology-based adaptive capacity; Social networks of
migration.
Ano: 2014
Studying the complexity of change: toward an analytical framework for understanding deliberate
social-ecological transformations
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Moore, Michele-Lee; Department of Geography, University of Victoria; [email protected]; Tjornbo, Ola; Waterloo
Institute of Social Innovation and Resilience, University of Waterloo; [email protected]; Enfors, Elin; Stockholm Resilience
Centre, Stockholm University; [email protected]; Knapp, Corrie; University of Alaska Fairbanks;
[email protected]; Hodbod, Jennifer; Global Institute of Sustainability, Arizona State University;
[email protected]; Baggio, Jacopo A.; Center for the Study of Institutional Diversity, Arizona State University;
[email protected]; Olsson, Per; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; [email protected];
Biggs, Duan; The Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, University of Queensland; [email protected].
Faced with numerous seemingly intractable social and environmental challenges, many scholars and practitioners are increasingly
interested in understanding how to actively engage and transform the existing systems holding such problems in place. Although
a variety of analytical models have emerged in recent years, most emphasize either the social or ecological elements of such
transformations rather than their coupled nature. To address this, first we have presented a definition of the core elements of a
social-ecological system (SES) that could potentially be altered in a transformation. Second, we drew on insights about
transformation from three branches of literature focused on radical change, i.e., social movements, socio-technical transitions,
and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Resilience; Social-ecological systems; Social innovation; Social movements; Transformation; Transition
management.
Ano: 2014
Application of the SES Framework for Model-based Analysis of the Dynamics of Social-Ecological
Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hinkel, Jochen; Global Climate Forum (GCF), Berlin, Germany; [email protected]; Bots, Pieter W. G. ;
Technical University Delft, The Netherlands; [email protected].
Social-ecological systems (SES) are dynamic systems that continuously change in response to internal or external pressures. A
better understanding of the interactions of the social and ecological systems that drive those dynamics is crucial for the
development of sustainable management strategies. Dynamic models can serve as tools to explore social-ecological interactions;
however, the complexity of the studied systems and the need to integrate knowledge, theories, and approaches from different
disciplines pose considerable challenges for their development. We assess the potential of Ostrom’s general SES
framework (SESF) to guide a systematic and transparent process of model development in light of these difficulties. We develop a
stepwise...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Dynamic modeling; Model development; SES framework; Social-ecological modeling; Social-ecological
processes.
Ano: 2014
Comments on Costanza Article
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mead, Timothy D; University of North Carolina; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2000
Coupled human and natural system dynamics as key to the sustainability of Lake
Victoria’s ecosystem services
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Downing, Andrea S.; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality
Management group, Wageningen University, Netherlands; Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen,
Netherlands ; [email protected]; van Nes, Egbert H.; Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management group, Wageningen
University, Netherlands ; [email protected]; Balirwa, John S.; National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (NaFIRRI),
Jinja, Uganda; [email protected]; Beuving, Joost; Department of Cultural Anthropology and Development Studies, Faculty of
Social Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands ; [email protected]; Bwathondi, P.O.J.; University of Dar es
Salaam, College of Natural and Applied Sciences,
Department of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania ;
[email protected]; Chapman, Lauren J.; Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada;
[email protected]; Cornelissen, Ilse J. M.; Aquaculture & Fisheries Group, Wageningen University, Netherlands;
Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands; [email protected]; Cowx, Iain G.; Hull
International Fisheries Institute, University of Hull, United Kingdom; [email protected]; Goudswaard, Kees P. C.; Institute
for Marine Resource and Ecosystem Studies (IMARES), Wageningen University, Yerseke, Netherlands;
[email protected]; Hecky, Robert E.; Biology Department and Large Lakes Observatory, University of Minnesota-Duluth,
USA; [email protected]; Janse, Jan H.; Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL), Bilthoven, Netherlands;
Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands; [email protected]; Janssen, Annette B. G.; Aquatic
Ecology and Water Quality Management group, Wageningen University, Netherlands; Netherlands Institute of Ecology
(NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands; [email protected]; Kaufman, Les; Boston University Marine Program,
Biology Department, Boston University, USA ; [email protected]; Kishe-Machumu, Mary A.; Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute
(TAFIRI), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; [email protected]; Kolding, Jeppe; Department of Biology, University of Bergen,
Norway; [email protected]; Ligtvoet, Willem; Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL), The Hague,
Netherlands; [email protected]; Mbabazi, Dismas; National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (NaFIRRI), Jinja,
Uganda; [email protected]; Medard, Modesta; Department of Sociology of Development and Change. Social Science
Group, Wageningen University, Netherlands ; [email protected]; Mkumbo, Oliva C.; Lake Victoria Fisheries
Organisation, Jinja, Uganda; [email protected]; Mlaponi, Enock; Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute (TAFIRI), Mwanza,
Tanzania; [email protected]; Munyaho, Antony T.; National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (NaFIRRI), Jinja,
Uganda; [email protected]; Nagelkerke, Leopold A. J.; Aquaculture & Fisheries Group, Wageningen University,
Netherlands; [email protected]; Ogutu-Ohwayo, Richard; National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (NaFIRRI), Jinja,
Uganda; [email protected]; Ojwang, William O.; Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute (KMFRI), Kisumu,
Kenya; [email protected]; Peter, Happy K.; Aquaculture & Fisheries Group, Wageningen University, Netherlands;
[email protected]; Schindler, Daniel E.; Aquatic & Fishery Sciences/Department of Biology, University of Washington,
USA; [email protected]; Seehausen, Ole; Eawag, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland; [email protected]; Sharpe, Diana;
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama; Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada;
[email protected]; Silsbe, Greg M.; Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Yerseke, Netherlands;
[email protected]; Sitoki, Lewis; The Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; [email protected]; Tumwebaze,
Rhoda; National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (NaFIRRI), Jinja, Uganda; [email protected]; Tweddle, Denis; South
African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, South Africa; [email protected]; van de Wolfshaar, Karen E.;
Institute for Marine Resource and Ecosystem Studies (IMARES), Wageningen University, Ijmuiden, Netherlands;
[email protected]; van Dijk, Han; Department of Sociology of Development and Change. Social Science Group,
Wageningen University, Netherlands ; [email protected]; van Donk, Ellen; Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW),
Wageningen, Netherlands; [email protected]; van Rijssel, Jacco C.; Institute of Biology, University of Leiden,
Netherlands; Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands; Eawag, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland;
[email protected]; van Zwieten, Paul A. M.; Aquaculture & Fisheries Group, Wageningen University,
Netherlands; [email protected]; Wanink, Jan; Institute of Biology, University of Leiden, Netherlands; Koeman en Bijkerk
bv, Ecological Research and Consultancy, Haren, Netherlands; [email protected]; Witte, F.; Institute of Biology,
University of Leiden, Netherlands; Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands;; Mooij, Wolf M.; Aquatic Ecology and
Water Quality Management group, Wageningen University, Netherlands; Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW),
Wageningen, Netherlands ; [email protected].
East Africa’s Lake Victoria provides resources and services to millions of people on the lake’s shores
and abroad. In particular, the lake’s fisheries are an important source of protein, employment, and international
economic connections for the whole region. Nonetheless, stock dynamics are poorly understood and currently unpredictable.
Furthermore, fishery dynamics are intricately connected to other supporting services of the lake as well as to lakeshore societies
and economies. Much research has been carried out piecemeal on different aspects of Lake Victoria’s system; e.g.,
societies, biodiversity, fisheries, and eutrophication. However, to disentangle drivers and dynamics of change in this complex
system, we need...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Eutrophication; Feedbacks; Fisheries; Lake Victoria; Model; Multidisciplinary social-ecological system;
Sustainability.
Ano: 2014
A Framework for Evaluating Land Use Planning Alternatives: Protecting Biodiversity on Private
Land
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Theobald, David; Colorado State University/The Nature Conservancy; [email protected]; Hobbs, N. Thompson;
Colorado State University/Colorado Division of Wildlife; [email protected].
Planning activities by local government often seek to identify areas of land that offer particularly high value for conserving biotic
resources. Because private land is being developed rapidly, there is heightened concern about identifying these areas. Although
general principles on setting priorities for habitat protection are emerging, substantial ambiguity remains about how to implement
these principles. Here, we offer a general modeling framework for evaluating how planning alternatives could affect Critical
Habitat. The framework contains four components: stakeholder involvement, spatial modeling of Critical Habitat and
development patterns, analysis of alternative scenarios, and evaluation and monitoring. We illustrate this approach using a case...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Alternative scenarios; Biodiversity; Build-out analysis; Critical habitat maps; Evaluation; Habitat protection;
Local decision making; Monitoring; Private land use planning; Rural sprawl; Spatial modeling; Stakeholder involvement.
Ano: 2002
Conservation and Unscripted Development: Proximity to Park Associated with Development and
Financial Diversity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Baird, Timothy D.; Virginia Tech; [email protected].
Decades of research on the social dynamics of biodiversity conservation has shown that parks and protected areas have added
hardship to rural communities throughout much of the developing world. Nonetheless, some recent studies have found evidence
of poverty alleviation near protected areas. To build on these conflicting accounts, I use a comparative, mixed-methods design to
examine opportunistic, unplanned, i.e., unscripted, development in indigenous communities near Tarangire National Park (TNP)
in northern Tanzania. I ask the questions: (1) How is proximity to TNP related to community-level infrastructural development?
(2) How has the process of development changed over time? and (3) How is proximity to TNP related to infrastructure-related
social...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Africa; Conservation; Development; Education; Infrastructure; Tanzania.
Ano: 2014
Using Ants as bioindicators: Multiscale Issues in Ant Community Ecology
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Andersen, Alan; Wildlife and Ecology, CSIRO Tropical Ecosystems Research Centre; [email protected].
Ecological patterns and processes are characteristically scale dependent, and research
findings often cannot be translated easily
from one scale to another. Conservation biology is challenged by a lack of congruence between the spatial scales of ecological
research (typically involving small plots) and land management (typically involving whole landscapes). Here, I discuss spatial
scaling issues as they relate to an understanding of ant communities and, consequently, their use as bioindicators in land
management. Our perceptions of fundamental patterns and processes in ant communities depend on scale: taxa that are
behaviorally dominant at one scale are not necessarily so at others, functional groups recognized at one scale are often
inappropriate for...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ants; Biodiversity surrogacy; Bioindicators; Community; Diversity patterns; Functional groups; Multiscale;
Spatial scale.
Ano: 1997
The application of resilience assessment—resilience of what, to what, with what? A case
study based on Caledon, Ontario, Canada
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Liu, Wai Ting; Alumna, Environment and Resource Studies Graduate Program, University of Waterloo;
[email protected].
Resilience assessment can be used to determine major issues, stakeholders, vulnerabilities, and opportunities of a
social–ecological system to enhance resilience. A resilience assessment was conducted on the Town of Caledon,
Ontario between 2010 and 2011 using the Resilience Assessment Workbook for Practitioners (version 1). The assessment
explores the following three questions: Resilience of what? Resilience to what? Resilience with what? The answer to the first
question describes the history, main issues, and stakeholders of the focal system. The answers to the remaining two questions
describe potential resilience threats and assets, respectively. The assessment results include (1) identified resilience threats and
assets of Caledon as a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conflicting interests; Resilience assessment; Resilience assets and threats; Urban growth.
Ano: 2014
Assumptions about Ecological Scale and Nature Knowing Best Hiding in Environmental Decisions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hull, R. Bruce; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; [email protected]; Robertson, David P; Virginia
Polytechnic Institute and State University; [email protected]; Buhyoff, Gregory J; Virginia Department of Conservation and
Recreation; [email protected]; Seekamp, Erin; College of Natural Resources, Virginia Tech; [email protected];
Buhyoff, Gregory J; College of Natural Resources, Virginia Tech; [email protected].
Assumptions about nature are embedded in people’s preferences for environmental policy and management. The
people we interviewed justified preservationist policies using four assumptions about nature knowing best: nature is balanced,
evolution is progressive, technology is suspect, and the Creation is perfect. They justified interventionist policies using three
assumptions about nature: it is dynamic, inefficient, and robust. Unstated assumptions about temporal, spatial, and organizational
scales further confuse discussions about nature. These findings confirm and extend findings from previous research. Data for our
study were derived from interviews with people actively involved in negotiating the fate of forest ecosystems in southwest
Virginia:...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002
The economic crisis as a game changer? Exploring the role of social construction in sustainability
transitions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Loorbach, Derk; DRIFT, Erasmus University, Rotterdam; [email protected]; Avelino, Flor; DRIFT, Erasmus
University, Rotterdam; [email protected]; Haxeltine, Alex; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, UK;
[email protected]; Wittmayer, Julia M.; DRIFT, Erasmus University, Rotterdam; [email protected]; O'Riordan, Tim;
School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, UK; [email protected]; Weaver, Paul; ICIS, Maastricht
University, NL; LUCSUS, Lund University, Sweden; [email protected].
Continuing economic turbulence has fuelled debates about social and political reform as much as it has stimulated actions and
initiatives aimed at a more fundamental transition of dominant economic systems. This paper takes a transition perspective to
explore, from a Western European viewpoint, how the economic crisis is actually viewed through a variety of interpretations and
responded to through a range of practices. We argue that framing societal phenomena such as the economic crisis as "symptoms of
transition" through alternative narratives and actions can give rise to the potential for (seemingly) short-term pressures to become
game changers. Game changers are then defined as the combination of: specific events, the subsequent or parallel framing of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Economic crisis; Game changers; Narratives of change; Practices of change.
Ano: 2016
Impacts of Traffic Noise and Traffic Volume on Birds of Roadside Habitats
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Parris, Kirsten M.; School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Australia; Australian Research Centre for Urban
Ecology, Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne, Australia; [email protected]; Schneider, Angela; Department of Zoology,
University of Melbourne, Australia; [email protected].
Roadside habitats are important for a range of taxa including plants, insects, mammals, and birds, particularly in developed
countries in which large expanses of native vegetation have been cleared for agriculture or urban development. Although roadside
vegetation may provide suitable habitat for many species, resident animals can be exposed to high levels of traffic noise, visual
disturbance from passing vehicles, and the risk of collision with cars and trucks. Traffic noise can reduce the distance over which
acoustic signals such as song can be detected, an effect known as acoustic interference or masking. Studies from the northern
hemisphere show that the singing behavior of birds changes in the presence of traffic noise. We investigated the impact of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Acoustic interference; Ambient noise; Bioacoustics; Conservation biology; Road ecology; Signal design; Traffic
noise; Vocal communication.
Ano: 2009
Livestock Subsidies and Rangeland Degradation in Central Crete
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lorent, Hugues; University of Louvain; [email protected]; Tsiourlis, Georgios M.; National Agricultural
Research Foundation (NAGREF); [email protected]; Lambin, Eric; University of Louvain; [email protected].
Marginal and unstable environmental conditions force stockbreeders in drylands to develop adaptive strategies to ensure stability
of production. In intensive market-oriented pastoral systems, the partial substitution of rangeland forage production by external
feed increases the influence of commodity prices in stockbreeders’ decisions, which become increasingly decoupled
from environmental constraints. In Mediterranean countries of the European Union (EU), Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)
subsidies also influence agricultural practices, potentially increasing environmental impacts. By modeling subsidy allocation to
sheep and goat breeders in Crete, we showed that livestock subsidies for Less Favoured Areas (LFA) stimulated flock growth up
to a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Common Agricultural Policy; Crete; Desertification; Sheep and goats; Subsidies; Vegetation-cover trend.
Ano: 2009
Exploring the Linkages between Climate Change and Sustainable Development: A Challenge for
Transdisciplinary Research
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Munasinghe, Mohan; Munasinghe Institute for Development (MIND); [email protected].
In recent years, both sustainable development and climate change have become well known worldwide, and the work of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has also focused on the nexus of these two key topics. The IPCC third
assessment report confirms that global mean temperatures will rise 1.5-6 degrees Celsius during the next century. Furthermore,
climate change will significantly affect the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of sustainable development, as well
as key issues like poverty and equity. Therefore, the IPCC is seeking answers to important questions: how future development
patterns will affect climate change; how climate change impacts, adaptation, and mitigation will affect future sustainable
development prospects;...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Climate change; IPCC; Sustainable development; Transdisciplinary research.
Ano: 2001
Searching Explanations of Nature in the Mirror World of Math
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Scheffer, Marten; Wageningen Agricultural University; [email protected].
Despite the huge scientific progress of the last century, the dynamics of complex systems such as the atmosphere, human
societies, and ecosystems remain difficult to understand and predict. Nonetheless, our ability to carve the future depends largely
on our insight into the functioning of such complex systems. Complex systems are the focus of considerable mathematical theory.
Rather than referring to any particular part of the world, such theory addresses what seems to be another world: a world of strange
attractors, catastrophe folds, torus destruction, and homoclinic bifurcations. So disparate is the language and notation in this
discipline that it is hard to imagine that it has any thing to do with reality as we know it. Indeed, it deals with a kind of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bifurcation; Catastrophe; Chaos; Cycle; Daphnia; Fish; Macrophyte; Model; Multiple stable states; Plankton;
Predation; Trophic cascade.
Ano: 1999
Increasing Social–Ecological Resilience by Placing Science at the Decision Table: the Role
of the San Pedro Basin (Arizona) Decision-Support System Model
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Serrat-Capdevila, Aleix; Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy; Sustainability of semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian
Areas (SAHRA); Department of Hydrology and Water Resources; University of Arizona; [email protected];
Browning-Aiken, Anne; Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy; University of Arizona; [email protected]; Lansey,
Kevin; Sustainability of semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas (SAHRA); Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering
Mechanics; University of Arizona; [email protected]; Finan, Tim; Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology;
University of Arizona; [email protected]; Valdés, Juan B; Sustainability of semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian
Areas (SAHRA); Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics; University of Arizona; [email protected].
We have analyzed how the collaborative development process of a decision-support system (DSS) model can effectively
contribute to increasing the resilience of regional social–ecological systems. In particular, we have focused on the
case study of the transboundary San Pedro Basin, in the Arizona-Sonora desert region. This is a semi-arid watershed where water
is a scarce resource used to cover competing human and environmental needs. We have outlined the essential traits in the
development of the decision-support process that contributed to an improvement of water-resources management capabilities
while increasing the potential for consensual problem solving. Comments and feedback from the stakeholders benefiting from the
DSS in the San Pedro...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collaborative development; Decision-support system model; Participatory water management; Resilience;
Social– Ecological systems; Stakeholder feedback; Sustainability learning.
Ano: 2009
Detecting critical choke points for achieving Good Environmental Status in European seas
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Potts, Tavis; Department of Geography & Environment, University of Aberdeen; [email protected];
O'Higgins, Tim; Scottish Association for Marine Science; tim.o'[email protected]; Brennan, Ruth; Scottish Association for
Marine Science; [email protected]; Cinnirella, Sergio; CNR - Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research;
[email protected]; Brandt, Urs Steiner; University of Southern Denmark; [email protected]; Beusekom, Justus van;
Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; [email protected]; Troost, Tineke A; Deltares ; [email protected]; Paltriguera,
Lucille ; CEFAS ; [email protected]; Hosgor, Ayse Gunduz ; Middle East Technical University;
[email protected].
Choke points are social, cultural, political, institutional, or psychological obstructions of social-ecological systems that constrain
progress toward an environmental objective. Using a soft systems methodology, different types of chokes points were identified in
the Outer Hebrides of Scotland, the Baltic, and the North and Mediterranean seas. The choke points were of differing types:
cultural and political choke points were identified in Barra and the Mediterranean, respectively, whereas the choke points in the
North Sea and Baltic Sea were dependent on differing values toward the mitigation of eutrophication. We conclude with
suggestions to identify and address choke points.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Marine policy; Marine Strategy Framework Directive; Marine sustainability; Soft systems methodology;
Systems science.
Ano: 2015
Perception and Interpretation of Climate Change among Quechua Farmers of Bolivia: Indigenous
Knowledge as a Resource for Adaptive Capacity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Berkes, Fikret; Natural Resources Institute University of Manitoba; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Andes; Bolivia; Indigenous knowledge; Perception of climate change; Quechua.
Ano: 2013
Conservation Ecology, 2001: A Journal for Both Authors and Readers
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Holling, C. S.; University of Florida; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001
A. Wood, P. Stedman-Edwards, and J. Mang, editors. 2000. The Root Causes of Biodiversity Loss.
World Wildlife Fund and Earthscan Publications Ltd., London, UK.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Heemskerk, Marieke; University of Wisconsin-Madison; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001
Using Expert Judgment and Stakeholder Values to Evaluate Adaptive Management Options
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Failing, Lee; Compass Resource Management; [email protected]; Horn, Graham; ; [email protected];
Higgins, Paul; ; [email protected].
This paper provides an example of a practical integration of probabilistic policy analysis and multi-stakeholder decision methods
at a hydroelectric facility in British Columbia, Canada. A structured decision-making framework utilizing the probabilistic
judgments of experts, a decision tree, and a Monte Carlo simulation provided insight to a decision to implement an experimental
flow release program. The technical evaluation of the expected costs and benefits of the program were integrated into the
multi-stakeholder decision process. The framework assessed the magnitude of the uncertainty, its potential to affect water
management decisions, the predictive ability of the experiment, the value of the expected costs and benefits, and the preferences
of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Decision analysis; Expert judgment; Hydroelectricity; Multi-attribute evaluation;
Multi-stakeholder consultation; Risk management; Value of information.
Ano: 2004
Sediments and herbivory as sensitive indicators of coral reef degradation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Goatley, Christopher H. R.; College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University; Australian
Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies; [email protected]; Fox, Rebecca J.; College of
Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef
Studies; Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Australian National University; School of Life Sciences, University of
Technology Sydney; [email protected]; Bellwood, David R.; College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James
Cook University; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies; [email protected].
Around the world, the decreasing health of coral reef ecosystems has highlighted the need to better understand the processes of
reef degradation. The development of more sensitive tools, which complement traditional methods of monitoring coral reefs, may
reveal earlier signs of degradation and provide an opportunity for pre-emptive responses. We identify new, sensitive metrics of
ecosystem processes and benthic composition that allow us to quantify subtle, yet destabilizing, changes in the ecosystem state of
an inshore coral reef on the Great Barrier Reef. Following severe climatic disturbances over the period 2011-2012, the
herbivorous reef fish community of the reef did not change in terms of biomass or functional groups present. However,
fish-based...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Disturbances; Ecosystem state; Herbivory; Management; Monitoring; Processes; Resilience; Sediment;
Thresholds.
Ano: 2016
Habitat Shape, Species Invasions, and Reserve Design: Insights from Simple Models
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cumming, Graeme; University of Florida; [email protected].
Species invasions have become a major threat to global biodiversity. We currently lack a general theory of species invasions that
allows us to make useful predictions about when and where invasions will occur, whether they will be successful, and whether
they will alter ecosystem function in invaded habitats. One line of enquiry in developing such a theory is to focus on the
characteristics of successful invaders. A second, complementary approach is to examine habitats of interest more closely and ask
how the properties of the habitat that is being invaded affect the likelihood of invasion success. In this paper, I consider the
importance of habitat shape (also termed "habitat topology" or "habitat geometry") as a variable affecting the dispersal and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cellular automaton model; Colonization; Connectivity; Dispersal; Habitat complexity; Habitat geometry;
Habitat shape; Landscape ecology; Reaction-diffusion model; Reserve design; Reserve networks; Species invasion.
Ano: 2002
Delivering the Goods: Scaling out Results of Natural Resource Management Research
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Harrington, Larry; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT); [email protected]; White,
Jeffrey; ; [email protected]; Grace, Peter; Sinclair Knight Merz, Brisbane, Australia; [email protected]; Hodson, David; ;
[email protected]; Hartkamp, Agnes Dewi; Product Organisation Grains, Seeds and Pulses, The Hague, Netherlands;
[email protected]; Vaughan, Christopher; CO MET Directorate of Environmental Affairs, Namibia;
[email protected]; Meisner, Craig; ; [email protected].
To help integrated natural resource management (INRM) research "deliver the goods" for many of the world's poor over a large
area and in a timely manner, the authors suggest a problem-solving approach that facilitates the scaling out of relevant agricultural
practices. They propose seven ways to foster scaling out: (1) develop more attractive practices and technologies through
participatory research (2) balance supply-driven approaches with resource user demands, (3) use feedback to redefine the research
agenda, (4) encourage support groups and networks for information sharing, (5) facilitate negotiation among stakeholders, (6)
inform policy change and institutional development, and (7) make sensible use of information management tools, including
models...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Mexico; South Asia; Southern Africa; Conservation tillage; Diffusion of research; Environments; Geographic
information systems; Natural resource management; Participatory research; Scaling out; Simulation models; Technology transfer.
Ano: 2001
Social, biological, and environmental drivers of the hunting and trade of the endangered yellow-footed
tortoise in the Amazon
Provedor de dados: 7
Chelonians constitute an important source of food and income for the inhabitants of tropical forests. We assessed the social,
biological, and environmental factors affecting the hunting and trade of the endangered yellow-footed tortoise (Chelonoidis
denticulata) in rural and urban areas in the Amazon and estimated the sustainability of tortoise use. We also discuss possible
conservation alternatives that are compatible with the needs of local inhabitants. We monitored tortoise hunting and trade for 12
years in 10 traditional communities that exploit different habitat types in the Brazilian Amazon and collected data on the tortoise
trade in two urban markets for six years. In upland forests, tortoise hunting mainly occurred during the dry season; in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bushmeat market; Chelonians; Hunting sustainability; Rural communities.
Ano: 2015
Social-Ecological Scale Mismatches and the Collapse of the Sea Urchin Fishery in Maine, USA
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Johnson, Teresa R.; School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine; [email protected]; Wilson, James A.;
School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine; [email protected]; Cleaver, Caitlin; School of Marine Sciences, University of
Maine; [email protected]; Vadas, Robert L.; School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine; School of Marine
Sciences, University of Maine; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Co-management; Fisheries management; Kelp; Maine USA; Ocean fisheries; Scale
mismatches; Sea urchin fishery.
Ano: 2012
Surmountable Chasms: Networks and Social Innovation for Resilient Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Moore, Michele-Lee; J. W. McConnell Graduate Fellow, Social Innovation Generation, University of Waterloo;
[email protected]; Westley, Frances ; McConnell Chair, Social Innovation Generation, University of Waterloo;
[email protected].
Complex challenges demand complex solutions. By their very nature, these problems are difficult to define and are often the result
of rigid social structures that effectively act as “traps”. However, resilience theory and the adaptive cycle
can serve as a useful framework for understanding how humans may move beyond these traps and towards the social innovation
that is required to address many complex problems. This paper explores the critical question of whether networks help facilitate
innovations to bridge the seemingly insurmountable chasms of complex problems to create change across scales, thereby
increasing resilience. The argument is made that research has not yet adequately articulated the strategic agency that must be
present...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agency; Complexity; Cross scale; Network theory; Resilience; Scale; Skill sets; Social entrepreneurship; Social
innovation; Social networks.
Ano: 2011
What drives the urban water regime? An analysis of water governance arrangements in Hyderabad,
India
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nastar, Maryam; Lund University Center for Sustainability Studies; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Hyderabad; India; Multi-level perspective; Transition studies; Water governance.
Ano: 2014
Addressing Sustainability of Clam Farming in the Venice Lagoon
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Melaku Canu, Donata; National Institute of Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics OGS; [email protected];
Pastres, Roberto; Ca' Foscari University of Venice ; [email protected]; Pizzo, Lara; University of Padova TeSAF Dept;
[email protected]; Rossetto, Luca; University of Padova TeSAF Dept; [email protected]; Solidoro, Cosimo; National
Institute of Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics OGS; [email protected].
The clam fishing and aquaculture system in the Venice Lagoon still appears insufficiently resilient to buffer external and internal
perturbations, such as productivity fluctuations, unregulated fishing, and market related dynamics, despite the efforts of regional
and local authorities to achieve the sustainable development. According to the System Approach Framework (SAF), based on
previous studies and stakeholder interactions, we developed a model integrating ecological, social, and economic (ESE) aspects.
We chose the aspects necessary to represent the essential dynamics of major ecological, social, and economic clam farming
system components to project the consequences of implementing alternative management policies and to address the ecological
and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Clam farming; Model integration; Social carrying capacity; System Approach Framework; Tapes philippinarum;
Venice Lagoon.
Ano: 2011
Dealing with Uncertainty in Flood Management Through Diversification
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Aerts, Jeroen C. J. H.; ; [email protected]; Botzen, Wouter; ; [email protected]; Veen, Anne
van der; ; [email protected]; Krywkow, Joerg; ; [email protected]; Werners, Saskia; ;
[email protected].
This paper shows, through a numerical example, how to develop portfolios of flood management activities that generate the
highest return under an acceptable risk for an area in the central part of the Netherlands. The paper shows a method based on
Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) that contributes to developing flood management strategies. MPT aims at finding sets of
investments that diversify risks thereby reducing the overall risk of the total portfolio of investments. This paper shows that
through systematically combining four different flood protection measures in portfolios containing three or four measures; risk is
reduced compared with portfolios that only contain one or two measures. Adding partly uncorrelated measures to the portfolio
diversifies...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive water management; Diversification; Flood risk; Modern Portfolio Theory; Uncertainty; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2008
The Role of Information in Governing the Commons: Experimental Results
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Janssen, Marco A.; Arizona State University, USA; [email protected].
The structure and dynamics of ecosystems can affect the information available to resource users on the state of the common
resource and the actions of other resource users. We present results from laboratory experiments that showed that the availability
of information about the actions of other participants affected the level of cooperation. Since most participants in commons
dilemmas can be classified as conditional cooperators, not having full information about the actions of others may affect their
decisions. When participants had more information about others, there was a more rapid reduction of the resource in the first
round of the experiment. When communication was allowed, limiting the information available made it harder to develop
effective...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Common pool resource; Communication; Conditional cooperation; Information; Institutions.
Ano: 2013
Use of Road Maps in National Assessments of Forest Fragmentation in the United States
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Riitters, Kurt; U.S. Forest Service; [email protected]; Wickham, James; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency;
[email protected]; Coulston, John; North Carolina State University; [email protected].
The question of incorporating road maps into U.S. national assessments of forest fragmentation has been a contentious issue, but
there has not been a comparative national analysis to inform the debate. Using data and indices from previous national
assessments, we compared fragmentation as calculated from high-resolution land-cover maps alone (Method 1) and after
superimposing detailed road maps (Method 2). There was more overall fragmentation with Method 2. However, because roads
were often adjacent to other nonforest land cover, Method 1 typically detected > 80% of the forest edge and >
88% of the fragmentation of core, i.e., intact, forest that was detected by Method 2. Indices based on individual patch size changed
much more for Method 2;...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: United States; Ecological assessments; Land-cover maps; Landscape patterns; Road maps; Forest fragmentation.
Ano: 2004
Poverty and Environmental Services: Case Study in Way Besai Watershed, Lampung Province,
Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Suyanto, S.; World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF); [email protected]; Khususiyah, Noviana; World Agroforestry
Centre (ICRAF); [email protected]; Leimona, Beria; World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF); [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Coffee trees; Agroforestry; Environmental services; Equity; Poverty; Payment for environmental services;
Watershed; Lampung Province; Indonesia.
Ano: 2007
An interview methodology for exploring the values that community leaders assign to multiple-use
landscapes.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hatton MacDonald, Darla; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences; [email protected]; Bark, Rosalind; CSIRO
Ecosystem Sciences; [email protected]; MacRae, Andrea; University of Adelaide; [email protected]; Kalivas,
Tina; Monash Sustainability Institute, Monash University ; [email protected]; Strathearn, Sarah; University of Adelaide;
[email protected].
We report on a grounded theory research methodology to elicit the values that underpin community leaders’ advice
on regional natural resource management. In-depth, semi-structured in-person interviews of 56 community leaders permitted
respondents to explore their values and to elucidate some trade-offs. Furthermore, analysis of the coded transcripts provides
evidence of the anthropocentric nature of values, and the importance of people, communities, and physical infrastructure. As
well, the relative silence by community NRM leaders on supporting and regulating ecosystem services may reveal a lack of
understanding of these functions rather than a discord in values. The tested methodology provides one approach to understanding
the values of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Australia; Community leaders; Ecosystem services; Grounded theory; Natural resource management; Values.
Ano: 2013
Jatropha in Mexico: Environmental and Social Impacts of an Incipient Biofuel Program
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Skutsch, Margaret; Centro de Investigaciones en Geografia Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico;
[email protected]; de los Rios, Emilio; REMBIO, Mexico; [email protected]; Solis, Silvia; Centro de
Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; [email protected]; Riegelhaupt, Enrique;
REMBIO, Mexico; [email protected]; Hinojosa, Daniel; Centro de Investigaciones en Geografia Ambiental, Universidad
Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; [email protected]; Gerfert, Sonya; University of Twente, the Netherlands;
[email protected]; Gao, Yan; Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico;
[email protected]; Masera, Omar; Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico;
[email protected].
Three case studies from Mexico are presented in which the impacts of the recent introduction of jatropha cultivation for biodiesel
production are examined. In Chiapas and Michoacan, local social and environmental impacts were assessed using interviews with
key informants and questionnaires directed at three groups of stakeholders: jatropha cultivators, farmers in the same areas who are
not cultivating jatropha, and laborers on jatropha farms. Results show that the farmers are primarily motivated to participate by the
subsidies offered in a government program in the first 2 years, rather than any proven economic benefit. Our farm budget study
indicated that profits would be marginal for these farmers. However, no cases of land alienation were involved, and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiesel; Carbon balance; Estates; Smallholders; Sustainability.
Ano: 2011
Fostering Complexity Thinking in Action Research for Change in Social–Ecological
Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rogers, Kevin H; Centre for Water in the Environment, University of the Witwatersrand; [email protected];
Luton, Rebecca; Centre for Water in the Environment, University of the Witwatersrand; [email protected]; Biggs, Harry ;
South African National Parks; [email protected]; Biggs, Reinette (Oonsie); Stockholm Resilience Centre;
[email protected]; Blignaut, Sonja; The Narrative Lab, Johannesburg; [email protected]; Choles,
Aiden G; The Narrative Lab, Johannesburg; [email protected]; Palmer, Carolyn G; Unilever Centre for Environmental
Water Quality Institute for Water Research, Rodes University ; [email protected]; Tangwe, Pius; Department of Social Work
/ Social Development University of Fort Hare ; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Competency; Complexity thinking; Consciousness; Habits of mind; Integrated learning framework; Lived
complexity; Reductionism; Tacit knowledge; Unlearning.
Ano: 2013
Participatory Vulnerability Assessment in the Context of Conservation and Development Projects: A
Case Study of Local Communities in Southwest Cameroon
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Vliet, Nathalie; Department of Geography and Geology, University of Copenhagen; [email protected].
People living in landscapes of high conservation value are trapped between their dependence on natural resources to meet their
development aspirations and the international pressure to conserve those resources. Although it is increasingly recognized that the
conservation of some natural resources cannot happen without providing alternative livelihood solutions for local communities
dependent on them, global experiences illustrate that the successful integration of conservation and development continues to be
elusive. We adapted the approach based on “participatory vulnerability assessments” developed for
climate change research and applied it to changes occurring in a conservation and development context. As a case study, we
focused...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Exposure; Integrated conservation and development; Participatory vulnerability assessment; Risks.
Ano: 2010
Revealing the Organization of Complex Adaptive Systems through Multivariate Time Series
Modeling
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Angeler, David G; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment;
[email protected]; Drakare, Stina; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and
Assessment ; [email protected]; Johnson, Richard K; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic
Sciences and Assessment ; [email protected].
Revealing the adaptive responses of ecological, social, and economic systems to a transforming biosphere is crucial for
understanding system resilience and preventing collapse. However, testing the theory that underpins complex adaptive system
organization (e.g., panarchy theory) is challenging. We used multivariate time series modeling to identify scale-specific system
organization and, by extension, apparent resilience mechanisms. We used a 20-year time series of invertebrates and phytoplankton
from 26 Swedish lakes to test the proposition that a few key-structuring environmental variables at specific scales create
discontinuities in community dynamics. Cross-scale structure was manifested in two independent species groups within both
communities across...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Complex adaptive systems dynamics; Complex adaptive systems organization; Cross-scale structure;
Discontinuities; Environmental variables; Invertebrates; Lakes; Panarchy; Phytoplankton; Resilience; Time series modeling.
Ano: 2011
Innovation, Cooperation, and the Perceived Benefits and Costs of Sustainable Agriculture Practices
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lubell, Mark ; UC Davis; [email protected]; Hillis, Vicken; UC Davis; [email protected]; Hoffman, Matthew;
UC Davis; [email protected].
A central goal of most sustainable agriculture programs is to encourage growers to adopt practices that jointly provide economic,
environmental, and social benefits. Using surveys of outreach professionals and wine grape growers, we quantify the perceived
costs and benefits of sustainable viticulture practices recommended by sustainability outreach and certification programs. We
argue that the mix of environmental benefits, economic benefits, and economic costs determine whether or not a particular
practice involves decisions about innovation or cooperation. Decision making is also affected by the overall level of knowledge
regarding different practices, and we show that knowledge gaps are an increasing function of cost and a decreasing function of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cooperation; Innovation; Knowledge networks; Resilience; Sustainability; Sustainable agriculture.
Ano: 2011
Fit, Interplay, and Scale: A Diagnosis
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Vatn, Arild; Department of International Environment and Development Studies, Norwegian University of Life
Sciences; [email protected]; Vedeld, Paul; Department of International Environment and Development Studies, Norwegian
University of Life Sciences; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2012
Joint knowledge production for climate change adaptation: what is in it for science?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hegger, Dries; Environmental Governance, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University;
[email protected]; Dieperink, Carel; Environmental Governance, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht
University; [email protected].
Both in literature and in practice, it is claimed that joint knowledge production (JKP) by researchers, policy makers, and other
societal actors is necessary to make science relevant for addressing climate adaptation. Although recent assessments of JKP
projects have provided some arguments in favor of their societal merit, much less is known about their scientific merit. We
explored the latter by developing a conceptual framework addressing characteristics of doing JKP as well as hypotheses on
potential merits and pitfalls in terms of its process, output, and impact for science. Semistructured interviews with six
environmental science research leaders as well as discussions with five researchers involved in past JKP projects were used to
start...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Climate change adaptation; Joint knowledge production (JKP); Science studies; Survey; The Netherlands.
Ano: 2015
Spatial Trade-Offs between Wind Power Production and Bird Collision Avoidance in Agricultural
Landscapes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Eichhorn, Marcus; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; [email protected]; Drechsler, Martin;
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; [email protected].
The expansion of renewable energy production is seen as an appropriate way to mitigate climate change. Renewable energies are
not free of negative external effects on humans and the natural environment. We analyzed the conflict between wind power
production and bird protection through the example of one of the most sensitive species, the red kite (Milvus milvus) in West
Saxony, Germany. We investigated a large number of potential land use scenarios, defined by whether or not each potential site
contained a wind turbine (WT). Based on meteorological and ornithological data, we evaluated the land use scenarios for their
annual energy supply and impact on the red kite. We identified the efficient land use scenarios that maximized energy supply for a
given...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bird protection; Efficiency frontier; Land use optimization; Spatial allocation; Trade-off; Wind power.
Ano: 2010
Urban Systems during Disasters: Factors for Resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wallace, Deborah; Consumers Union; [email protected]; Wallace, Rodrick; The New York State Psychiatric
Institute; [email protected].
Urban neighborhoods form the basic functional unit of municipalities. Socioeconomically, they consist of social networks and
interlocking layers of social networks. Old, stable neighborhoods are blessed with large social networks and dense interlocking
layers. Both social control and social support depend on these complex structures of tight and loose ties. Public health and public
order depend on these structures. They are the basis of resilience of both the neighborhood itself and of the municipality that is
composed of neighborhoods. In New York City in the 1970s and later, domain shift occurred because of the disruption of the
socioeconomic structure by the massive destruction of low-rental housing. A combined epidemic of building fires and landlord...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Resilience; Social network; Urban system.
Ano: 2008
Strengthening Regional Cohesion: Collaborative Networks and Sustainable Development in Swiss
Rural Areas
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hirschi, Christian; ETH Zurich; [email protected].
This paper makes both a theoretical and empirical contribution to a better understanding of how specific forms of network
governance play a crucial role in enhancing sustainable development in rural areas. Drawing on the literature on social capital and
social networks, I argue that a region has to achieve a certain level of cohesion in the network structure among actors from
different societal sectors and governmental levels to strengthen rural sustainable development. However, to sustain positive
regional development in the longer term, network structures also need to guarantee fragmentation and flexibility by including
actors with varying views and interests. Empirically, the paper looks at the new policy of regional nature parks in Switzerland.
The...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cohesion; Regional nature parks; Social network analysis; Sustainable regional development; Switzerland.
Ano: 2010
Crucial Distinctions: Process and Product
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tyson, Wayne; ; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001
Quantifying the Road-Effect Zone: Threshold Effects of a Motorway on Anuran Populations in
Ontario, Canada
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Eigenbrod, Felix; Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton
University, Ottawa, Canada; [email protected]; Hecnar, Stephen J.; Department of Biology, Lakehead University,
Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada; [email protected]; Fahrig, Lenore; Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Research Laboratory,
Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario Canada; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Accessible habitat; Amphibian decline; Anuran populations; Ecological thresholds; Forests; Fragmentation;
Habitat loss; Piecewise regression; Road ecology.
Ano: 2009
Emergence of human resilience in coastal ecosystems under environmental change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Matin, Nilufar; Stockholm Environment Institute, University of York; [email protected]; Taylor, Richard;
Stockholm Environment Institute, Oxford Centre; [email protected].
Resilience has been studied in a number of disciplines, predominantly in psychosocial and ecological sciences. Although there are
striking similarities in their approaches, the psychosocial tradition has centered on the family and its immediate surroundings,
whereas the social-ecological approach has focused on macrosystems that stop at the family level. Recently, the need for bridging
these gaps has been echoed by researchers from both these traditions, particularly for promoting resilience of individuals and their
wider environment in the context of natural disasters and climate change. However, a new synthesis of social-ecological and
behavioral theories integrating multiple dynamic systems that interact across levels is strikingly rare. We addressed...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Complexity; Human resilience; Narrative inquiry; Psychosocial; Sense of coherence; Social-ecological.
Ano: 2015
Adapting to Climate Change: Social-Ecological Resilience in a Canadian Western Arctic Community
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Berkes, Fikret; University of Manitoba; [email protected]; Jolly, Dyanna; University of Manitoba;
[email protected].
Human adaptation remains an insufficiently studied part of the subject of climate change. This paper examines the questions of
adaptation and change in terms of social-ecological resilience using lessons from a place-specific case study. The Inuvialuit
people of the small community of Sachs Harbour in Canada's western Arctic have been tracking climate change throughout the
1990s. We analyze the adaptive capacity of this community to deal with climate change. Short-term responses to changes in
land-based activities, which are identified as coping mechanisms, are one component of this adaptive capacity. The second
component is related to cultural and ecological adaptations of the Inuvialuit for life in a highly variable and uncertain
environment; these...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Social-ecological systems; Sustainability science; Arctic; Canadian North; Inuit; Inuvialuit; Adaptive strategies;
Climate change; Community-based research; Coping mechanisms; Human ecology; Participatory research; Participatory research;
Resilience; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2001
Predator-Resembling Aversive Conditioning for Managing Habituated Wildlife
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: St. Clair, Colleen Cassady; University of Alberta; [email protected]; Hurd, Thomas Eric; Banff National Park;
[email protected].
Wildlife habituation near urban centers can disrupt natural ecological processes, destroy habitat, and threaten public safety.
Consequently, management of habituated animals is typically invasive and often includes translocation of these animals to remote
areas and sometimes even their destruction. Techniques to prevent or reverse habituation and other forms of in situ management
are necessary to balance ecological and social requirements, but they have received very little experimental attention to date. This
study compared the efficacy of two aversive conditioning treatments that used either humans or dogs to create sequences
resembling chases by predators, which, along with a control category, were repeatedly and individually applied to 24 moderately...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Banff National Park; Canada; Cervus elaphus; Behavior; Aversive conditioning; Dogs; Predation; Chase
sequence; Habituation; Urban wildlife.
Ano: 2005
A Marketing Professional's Perspective
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Luttenberg, Randall; Independent marketing consultant; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2000
Historical Perspectives and Recent Trends in the Coastal Mozambican Fishery
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Blythe, Jessica L.; University of Victoria; [email protected]; Murray, Grant; Vancouver Island University;
[email protected]; Flaherty, Mark S.; University of Victoria; [email protected].
Historical data describing changing social-ecological interactions in marine systems can help guide small-scale fisheries
management efforts. Fisheries landings data are often the primary source for historical reconstructions of fisheries; however, we
argue that reliance on data of a single type and/or from a single scale can lead to potentially misleading conclusions. For example,
a narrow focus on aggregate landings statistics can mask processes and trends occurring at local scales, as well as the complex
social changes that result from and precipitate marine ecosystem change. Moreover, in the case of many small-scale fisheries,
landings statistics are often incomplete and/or inaccurate. We draw on case study research in Mozambique that combines
national...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2013
Emery Roe on Complexity: Avoiding Triangulation-Strangulation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bessey, K. Michael; Emory University and PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (Canada); [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2000
Linking Ecological and Perceptual Assessments for Environmental Management: a Coral Reef Case
Study
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dinsdale, Elizabeth A; Biology Department, San Diego State University; [email protected].
Integrating information from a range of community members in environmental management provides a more complete assessment
of the problem and a diversification of management options, but is difficult to achieve. To investigate the relationship between
different environmental interpretations, I compared three distinct measures of anchor damage on coral reefs: ecological measures,
perceptual meanings, and subjective health judgments. The ecological measures identified an increase in the number of overturned
corals and a reduction in coral cover, the perceptual meanings identified a loss of visual quality, and the health judgments
identified a reduction in the health of the coral reef sites associated with high levels of anchoring. Combining the perceptual...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Coral reefs; Perceptual meanings; Social-ecological assessments.
Ano: 2009
Success Factors in Integrated Natural Resource Management R&D: Lessons from Practice
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Chuma, Edward; University of Zimbabwe; [email protected]; Murwira, Kuda; Rural Development
Consultant/Facilitator; [email protected]; Connolly, Mike; Agritex-GTZ Change Management Program;
[email protected]; Ficarelli, Paolo; Broadening Agricultural Service Delivery Program; [email protected].
This paper analyzes integrated natural resource management (INRM) lessons and success factors based on a practical case study
over more than 10 years in Zimbabwe. The work was geared toward enhancing the adaptive management capacity of the
stakeholders in their resource-use systems. One main result was the development and institutionalization of an approach for
participatory and integrated NRM research and extension. The INRM approach described is grounded in a learning paradigm and
a combination of theories: the constructivist perspective to development, systemic intervention, and learning process approaches.
Participatory action research and experiential learning, in which researchers engage themselves as actors rather than neutral
analysts in an...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Change management; Facilitation; Impact assessment; Institutionalization; Learning processes; Local
organizational development; Natural resource management; Participatory approaches; Systemic intervention.
Ano: 2002
Achieving social-ecological fit through bottom-up collaborative governance: an empirical
investigation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Guerrero, Angela M; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, University of
Queensland; School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland; [email protected]; McAllister, Ryan R. J.;
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; [email protected]; Wilson, Kerrie A; Australian Research
Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, University of Queensland; School of Biological Sciences, University
of Queensland; [email protected].
Significant benefits can arise from collaborative forms of governance that foster self-organization and flexibility. Likewise,
governance systems that fit with the extent and complexity of the system under management are considered essential to our ability
to solve environmental problems. However, from an empirical perspective the fundamental question of whether self-organized
(bottom-up) collaborative forms of governance are able to accomplish adequate fit is unresolved. We used new theory and
methodological approaches underpinned by interdisciplinary network analysis to address this gap by investigating three
governance challenges that relate to the problem of fit: shared management of ecological resources, management of
interconnected ecological...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collaborative governance; Exponential Random Graph Modeling; Networks; Problem of fit; Scales;
Social-ecological fit; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2015
Collaborative decision-analytic framework to maximize resilience of tidal marshes to climate change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Thorne, Karen M; USGS Western Ecological Research Center; [email protected]; Mattsson, Brady J.; Department of
Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria;
[email protected]; Takekawa, John; USGS Western Ecological Research Center, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field
Station; [email protected]; Cummings, Jonathan; University of Vermont; [email protected]; Crouse, Debby; USFWS,
Endangered Species Recovery Program; [email protected]; Block, Giselle; USFWS, Inventory & Monitoring;
[email protected]; Bloom, Valary; USFWS, Sacramento Field Office; [email protected]; Gerhart, Matt; State Coastal
Conservancy; [email protected]; Goldbeck, Steve; Bay Conservation and Development Commission; [email protected];
Huning, Beth; San Francisco Bay Joint Venture; [email protected]; Sloop, Christina; Blue Earth Consultants;
[email protected]; Stewart, Mendel; USFWS, Carlsbad Fish and Wildlife Office; [email protected];
Taylor, Karen; California Department of Fish & Wildlife, Napa-Sonoma Marshes Wildlife Area;
[email protected]; Valoppi, Laura; USGS Western Ecological Research Center; [email protected].
Decision makers that are responsible for stewardship of natural resources face many challenges, which are complicated by
uncertainty about impacts from climate change, expanding human development, and intensifying land uses. A systematic process
for evaluating the social and ecological risks, trade-offs, and cobenefits associated with future changes is critical to maximize
resilience and conserve ecosystem services. This is particularly true in coastal areas where human populations and landscape
conversion are increasing, and where intensifying storms and sea-level rise pose unprecedented threats to coastal ecosystems.
We applied collaborative decision analysis with a diverse team of stakeholders who preserve, manage, or restore tidal marshes
across the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bayesian decision network; Climate change; Expert elicitation; San Francisco Bay; Sea-level rise; Structured
decision making; Tidal marsh.
Ano: 2015
Dublin Ireland: a city addressing challenging water supply, management, and governance issues
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kelly-Quinn, Mary; School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin;
[email protected]; Blacklocke, Sean; School of Civil, Structural & Environmental Engineering, University College
Dublin; [email protected]; Bruen, Michael; School of Civil, Structural & Environmental Engineering,
University College Dublin; [email protected]; Earle, Ray; International Water Association; [email protected];
O'Neill, Eoin; School of Geography, Planning & Environmental Policy, University College Dublin; [email protected];
O'Sullivan, John; School of Civil, Structural & Environmental Engineering, University College Dublin; [email protected];
Purcell, Patrick; School of Civil, Structural & Environmental Engineering, University College Dublin; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Demand management; Dublin; Full cost recovery; Governance; Water supply.
Ano: 2014
Three horizons: a pathways practice for transformation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sharpe, Bill; International Futures Forum, The Boathouse, Silversands, Aberdour, Fife, UK; [email protected];
Hodgson, Anthony; International Futures Forum, The Boathouse, Silversands, Aberdour, Fife, UK; Centre for Environmental
Change and Human Resilience, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK ; [email protected]; Leicester, Graham;
International Futures Forum, The Boathouse, Silversands, Aberdour, Fife, UK; [email protected]; Lyon,
Andrew; International Futures Forum, The Boathouse, Silversands, Aberdour, Fife, UK; [email protected];
Fazey, Ioan; Centre for Environmental Change and Human Resilience, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK ;
[email protected].
Global environmental change requires responses that involve marked or qualitative changes in individuals, institutions, societies,
and cultures. Yet, while there has been considerable effort to develop theory about such processes, there has been limited research
on practices for facilitating transformative change. We present a novel pathways approach called Three Horizons that helps
participants work with complex and intractable problems and uncertain futures. The approach is important for helping groups
work with uncertainty while also generating agency in ways not always addressed by existing futures approaches. We explain how
the approach uses a simple framework for structured and guided dialogue around different patterns of change by using examples.
We...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation pathways; Climate change; Scenarios; Transformation; Transition.
Ano: 2016
A Generic, Computer-assisted Method for Rapid Vegetation Classification and Survey: Tropical and
Temperate Case Studies
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gillison, Andrew N; Center for Biodiversity Management; [email protected].
Standard methods of vegetation classification and survey tend to be either too broad for management purposes or too reliant on
local species to support inter-regional comparisons. A new approach to this problem uses species-independent plant functional
types with a wide spectrum of environmental sensitivity. By means of a rule set, plant functional types can be constructed
according to specific combinations from within a generic set of 35 adaptive, morphological plant functional attributes. Each
combination assumes that a vascular plant individual can be described as a "coherent" functional unit. When used together with
vegetation structure, plant functional types facilitate rapid vegetation assessment that complements species-based data and makes
possible...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: VegClass software; Gradsects; Plant functional attributes; Plant functional types; Rapid biodiversity assessment;
Vegetation classification; Vegetation survey.
Ano: 2002
Recent Fire History of Maritime Chaparral Dominated by Arctostaphylos morroensis
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Odion, Dennis; Institute for Computational Earth Systems Science; [email protected]; Tyler, Claudia; Institute
for Computational Earth Systems Science; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003
A Bayesian belief network model for community-based coastal resource management in the Kei
Islands, Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hoshino, Eriko; CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS, Australia; Tasmanian School of Business and
Economics, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia; [email protected]; van Putten, Ingrid; CSIRO Oceans and
Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS, Australia; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia;
[email protected]; Girsang, Wardis; Faculty of Agriculture, University of Pattimura, Ambon, Indonesia;
[email protected]; Resosudarmo, Budy P; Indonesia Project, Arndt-Corden Department of Economics, Crawford School
of Public Policy, Australian National University, ACT, Australia; [email protected]; Yamazaki, Satoshi; Tasmanian
School of Business and Economics, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University
of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia; [email protected].
Understanding the specific relationships between ecological and socioeconomic conditions and marine tenure is likely to
contribute to successful functioning of self-governance institutions for common-pool resources. Complex interrelationships of
factors influencing fishing activities of coastal communities and implementation of customary marine tenure over their waters can
be represented in a Bayesian belief network model. We developed a Bayesian belief network model that includes the links
between factors for fishing communities in the Kei Islands in Indonesia, based on indepth local surveys. Our results showed that
the cumulative impacts of multiple factors on key social, economic, and environmental outcomes can be much larger than the
impact from a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bayesian belief network; Community-based management; Customary marine tenure; Indonesia; Small-scale
fisheries; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2016
Public Preferences Across Europe for Different Forest Stand Types as Sites for Recreation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Edwards, David M.; Forest Research; [email protected]; Jay, Marion; Institute of Forest and
Environmental Policy, Albert-Ludwigs University; [email protected]; Jensen, Frank S.; Forest & Landscape,
Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen; [email protected]; Lucas, Beatriz; Centre Tecnologic Forestal de Catalunya
(CTFC); [email protected]; Marzano, Mariella ; Forest Research; [email protected]; Peace, Andrew;
Forest Research; [email protected]; Weiss, Gerhard; Central East-European Regional Office of the European
Forest Institute (EFICEEC); University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU); [email protected].
A Delphi survey involving experts in forest preference research was carried out to derive scores for the recreational value of 240
forest stand types across Europe. The survey was organized around four regional panels: Great Britain, Nordic Region, Central
Europe, and Iberia. In each region, 60 forest stand types were defined according to five forest management alternatives (FMAs) on
a continuum of management intensity, four phases of development (establishment, young, medium, and adult), and three tree
species types (conifer, broadleaved, and mixed stands of conifer and broadleaved). The resulting scores were examined using
conjoint analysis to determine the relative importance of the three structural attributes (FMA, phase of development, and tree...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Delphi; Europe; Forest management; Public preference; Recreation; Structural attribute.
Ano: 2012
The Challenge of Regulating Private Wildlife Ranches for Conservation in South Africa
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cousins, Jenny A.; School of Environment and Development, University of Manchester; [email protected];
Sadler, Jon P.; School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester;; Evans, James; School of
Environment and Development, University of Manchester;.
We address the new attempts at regulating wildlife ranches on private land in South Africa. Although positive conservation
impacts can be attributed to private wildlife ranching, there are a number of ecological consequences that often arise as a result of
economic priorities. We present and analyze new national regulations aimed at coordinating provincial legislation and guiding the
wildlife industry in a more conservationist direction, and examine tensions that have arisen between different sociopolitical scales
as a result. Data were obtained through a desk-based study of legal documents and interviews with key stakeholders. The new
regulations begin to address international obligations and national policy on biodiversity conservation by potentially...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation regulation; Private wildlife ranches; South Africa; Stakeholder views.
Ano: 2010
Functional Links Between Biodiversity, Livelihoods, and Culture in a Hani Swidden Landscape in
Southwest China
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Xu, Jianchu; Center for Mountain Ecosystem Studies, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences;
World Agroforestry Centre, China Program ; [email protected]; Lebel, Louis; Unit for Social and Environmental Research,
Chiang Mai University; [email protected]; Sturgeon, Janet; Department of Geography, Simon Fraser University;
[email protected].
The landscape of Mengsong, southwest China, was biologically diverse until recently due to historical biogeographical processes
overlain by the swidden-cultivation practices of the Hani who migrated there several centuries ago. Our research sought to
understand how the Hani adjusted their livelihoods to new policies, markets, and technologies, and the consequences for
biodiversity conservation.
We combined landscape, plot, and household surveys, interviews, and reviews of secondary
documents, to reconstruct the major changes and responses to challenges in the social–ecological system over
previous decades.
Significant changes from closed to open canopy of secondary-forest vegetation took place between
1965–1993 and from open-canopy...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Cash crops; Conservation and development; Culture; Fallow management; Hani people;
Livelihoods; Monoculture; Swidden landscape.
Ano: 2009
Human Activity Differentially Redistributes Large Mammals in the Canadian Rockies National Parks
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rogala, James Kimo; Parks Canada; University of Calgary; [email protected]; Hebblewhite, Mark; University of
Montana;; Whittington, Jesse; Parks Canada;; White, Cliff A.; Parks Canada;; Coleshill, Jenny; University of Calgary;; Musiani,
Marco; University of Calgary;.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Banff National Park; Conditional logistic regression; Elk; Human activity; Resource selection; Trails; Wolves;
Yellowstone National Park.
Ano: 2011
Forests as landscapes of social inequality: tropical forest cover and land distribution among shifting
cultivators
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Coomes, Oliver T.; Department of Geography, McGill University; [email protected]; Takasaki, Yoshito;
Graduate School of Economics, University of Tokyo; [email protected]; Rhemtulla, Jeanine M.; Department of Forest
& Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia; [email protected].
Can social inequality be seen imprinted in a forest landscape? We studied the relationship between land holding, land use, and
inequality in a peasant community in the Peruvian Amazon where farmers practice swidden-fallow cultivation. Longitudinal data
on land holding, land use, and land cover were gathered through field-level surveys (n = 316) and household interviews (n = 51)
in 1994/1995 and 2007. Forest cover change between 1965 and 2007 was documented through interpretation of air photos and
satellite imagery. We introduce the concept of “land use inequality” to capture differences across
households in the distribution of forest fallowing and orchard raising as key land uses that affect household welfare and the
sustainability of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Amazonia; Land inequality; Land use and land cover change; Path dependency; Secondary forests.
Ano: 2016
Habitat Fragmentation and Native Bees: a Premature Verdict?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cane, James H; USDA-ARS; [email protected].
Few studies directly address the consequences of habitat fragmentation for communities of pollinating insects, particularly for the
key pollinator group, bees (Hymenoptera: Apiformes). Bees typically live in habitats where nesting substrates and bloom are
patchily distributed and spatially dissociated. Bee studies have all defined habitat fragments as remnant patches of floral hosts or
forests, overlooking the nesting needs of bees. Several authors conclude that habitat fragmentation is broadly deleterious, but their
own data show that some native species proliferate in sampled fragments. Other studies report greater densities and comparable
diversities of native bees at flowers in some fragment size classes relative to undisrupted habitats, but find...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Apoidea; Bees; Conservation; Diversity; Habitat fragmentation; Land-use change; Pollination; Pollinator;
Statistics; Taxonomy.
Ano: 2001
Gardner, R. H., W. M. Kemp, V. S. Kennedy, and J. E. Petersen, editors. 2001. Scaling Relations in
Experimental Ecology. Columbia University Press, New York, NY, USA
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Beisner, Beatrix E; University of Wisconsin-Madison; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002
Genetically Modified Organisms at the Crossroads: Comments on "Genetically Modified Crops:
Risks and Promise" by Gordon Conway
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Walker, Brian; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems; [email protected]; Lonsdale, Mark; CSIRO Entomology;
[email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: GMO technology; Agriculture; Ecosystem effects; Genetically modified organisms; Indirect effects; Introduced
species; Risk analysis; Risk assessment.
Ano: 2000
Local vs. Landscape Effects of Woody Field Borders as Barriers to Crop Pest Movement
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bhar, Rod; Ottawa-Carleton Institute of Biology; [email protected]; Fahrig, Lenore; Carleton University;
[email protected].
Maintenance of woody borders surrounding crop fields is desirable for biodiversity conservation. However, for crop pest
management, the desirability of woody borders depends on the trade-off between their effects at the local field scale and the
landscape scale. At the local scale, woody borders can reduce pest populations by increasing predation rates, but they can also
increase pest populations by providing complementary habitats and reducing movement rate of pests out of crop fields. At the
regional scale, woody borders can reduce pest populations by reducing colonization of newly planted crop fields. Our objective
was to develop guidelines for maximizing pest control while maintaining woody borders in the landscape. We wished to
determine the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Crop pest; Crop rotation; Dispersal; Fencerow; Field margin; Hedgerow; Patchy population; Pest
control; Shelterbelt; Simulation model; Woody border.
Ano: 1998
Ethnic Forces in Collective Action: Diversity, Dominance, and Irrigation in Tamil Nadu
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Waring, Timothy M; University of Maine, School of Economics; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cooperation; Irrigation; Ethnic diversity; Ethnic dominance; India.
Ano: 2011
Tropical Forest Restoration within Galapagos National Park: Application of a State-transition Model
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wilkinson, S. R.; University of Alberta; [email protected]; Naeth, M. A.; University of Alberta;
[email protected]; Schmiegelow, F. K. A.; University of Alberta; [email protected].
Current theory on non-equilibrium communities, thresholds of irreversibility, and ecological resilience suggests the goal of
ecological restoration of degraded communities is not to achieve one target, but to reestablish the temporal and spatial diversity
inherent in natural ecosystems. Few restoration models, however, address ecological and management issues across the vegetation
mosaic of a landscape. Because of a lack of scientific knowledge and funds, restoration practitioners focus instead on site-specific
prescriptions and reactive rather than proactive approaches to restoration; this approach often dooms restoration projects to failure.
We applied a state-transition model as a decision-making tool to identify and achieve short- and long-term...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecological resilience; Ecosystem management; Invasive species; Restoration model.
Ano: 2005
Management and the Problem of Scale
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Levin, Simon A; Princeton University; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1997
Social capital, conflict, and adaptive collaborative governance: exploring the dialectic
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McDougall, Cynthia; Knowledge, Technology, and Innovation Group (KTI), Department of Social Sciences,
Wageningen University; [email protected]; Banjade, Mani Ram; Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor,
Indonesia; [email protected].
Previously lineal and centralized natural resource management and development paradigms have shifted toward the recognition of
complexity and dynamism of social-ecological systems, and toward more adaptive, decentralized, and collaborative models.
However, certain messy and surprising dynamics remain under-recognized, including the inherent interplay between conflict,
social capital, and governance. In this study we consider the dynamic intersections of these three often (seemingly) disparate
phenomena. In particular, we consider the changes in social capital and conflict that accompanied a transition by local groups
toward adaptive collaborative governance. The findings are drawn from multiyear research into community forestry in Nepal
using comparative...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive collaborative governance; Community forestry; Conflict; Equity; Livelihoods; Nepal; Participatory
action research; Social capital.
Ano: 2015
Integrating Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Fisheries Management in the Torres Strait,
Australia: the Catalytic Role of Turtles and Dugong as Cultural Keystone Species
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Butler, James R. A.; CSIRO; [email protected]; Tawake, Alifereti; James Cook University;
[email protected]; Skewes, Tim; CSIRO; [email protected]; Tawake, Lavenia; CSIRO;
[email protected]; McGrath, Vic; Torres Strait Regional Authority; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive comanagement; Climate change; Ecosystem services; Dugong; Governance; Livelihoods; Melanesia;
Papua New Guinea; Resilience; Subsistence fisheries; Traditional ecological knowledge: turtles.
Ano: 2012
Monitoring and Enforcement Must Back Any Policy Incentive Pertaining to Invasive Alien Species
(IAS) Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Amatya, Pradyumna; Utah State University; [email protected]; McCoy, Nicole; ; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002
Social-ecological Resilience of a Nuosu Community-linked Watershed, Southwest Sichuan, China
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Urgenson, Lauren S; School of Forest Resources, University of Washington; [email protected]; Hagmann, R.
Keala; School of Forest Resources, University of Washington ; [email protected]; Henck, Amanda C; Earth and Space
Sciences, University of Washington; [email protected]; Harrell, Stevan; Anthropology, University of Washington;
[email protected]; Hinckley, Thomas M; School of Forest Resources, University of Washington ;
[email protected]; Shepler, Sara Jo; School of Forest Resources, University of Washington;
[email protected]; Grub, Barbara L.; Anthropology, University of Washington; [email protected]; Chi, Philip M; ;
[email protected].
Farmers of the Nuosu Yi ethnic group in the Upper Baiwu watershed report reductions in the availability of local forest resources.
A team of interdisciplinary scientists worked in partnership with this community to assess the type and extent of social-ecological
change in the watershed and to identify key drivers of those changes. Here, we combine a framework for institutional analysis
with resilience concepts to assess system dynamics and interactions among resource users, resources, and institutions over the past
century. The current state of this system reflects a legacy of past responses to institutional disturbances initiated at the larger,
national system scale. Beginning with the Communist Revolution in 1957 and continuing through the next two...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: China; Forests; Institutions; Nuosu; Resilience; Sichuan; Yi.
Ano: 2010
Participatory scenario planning in place-based social-ecological research: insights and experiences
from 23 case studies
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Daw, Tim M; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; [email protected];
Bohensky, Erin L.; CSIRO Land and Water, Townsville, Australia; [email protected]; Butler, James R.A.; CSIRO Land
and Water, Brisbane, Australia; [email protected]; Hill, Rosemary; CSIRO Land and Water, Cairns, Australia; James Cook
University, Division of Tropical Environments & Societies; [email protected]; Martin-Ortega, Julia; Sustainability Research
Institute, University of Leeds, UK; Social, Economic and Geographical Sciences Group, The James Hutton Institute, UK;
[email protected]; Quinlan, Allyson; Resilience Alliance, Ottawa, Canada; [email protected]; Thyresson,
Matilda; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; [email protected]; Mistry, Jayalaxshmi;
Department of Geography, Royal Holloway University of London, UK; [email protected]; Peterson, Garry D.; Stockholm
Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; [email protected]; Plieninger, Tobias; Department of
Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; [email protected]; Waylen,
Kerry A.; Social, Economic and Geographical Sciences Group, The James Hutton Institute, UK; [email protected];
Beach, Dylan M.; School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan; [email protected]; Bohnet, Iris
C.; James Cook University, Centre for Tropical and Sustainability Science, Cairns, Queensland, Australia;
[email protected]; Hamann, Maike; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden;
[email protected]; Hubacek, Klaus; Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, USA;
[email protected]; Vilardy, Sandra P.; Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Magdalena, Colombia;
[email protected].
Participatory scenario planning (PSP) is an increasingly popular tool in place-based environmental research for evaluating
alternative futures of social-ecological systems. Although a range of guidelines on PSP methods are available in the scientific and
grey literature, there is a need to reflect on existing practices and their appropriate application for different objectives and contexts
at the local scale, as well as on their potential perceived outcomes. We contribute to theoretical and empirical frameworks by
analyzing how and why researchers assess social-ecological systems using place-based PSP, hence facilitating the appropriate
uptake of such scenario tools in the future. We analyzed 23 PSP case studies conducted by the authors in a wide range of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Futures research; Methodological insights; Participation; Place-based research; Scenarios; Social-ecological
systems.
Ano: 2015
The Future of Vascular Plant Diversity Under Four Global Scenarios
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Vuuren, Detlef P; MNP; [email protected]; Sala, Osvaldo E.; Brown University;
[email protected].
Biodiversity is of crucial importance for ecosystem functioning and human well-being. Using quantitative projections of changes
in land use and climate from the four Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) scenarios, we project that reduction of habitat by
year 2050 will result in a loss of global vascular plant diversity ranging from 7–24% relative to 1995, after
populations have reached equilibrium with the reduced habitat. This range includes both the impact of different scenarios and
uncertainty in the SAR relationship. Biomes projected to lose the most species are warm mixed forest, savannahs, shrub, tropical
forest, and tropical woodlands. In the 2000–2050 period, land-use change contributes more on a global scale to
species...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Global environmental change; Millennium ecosystem assessment; Scenarios.
Ano: 2006
Learning from Traditional Knowledge of Non-timber Forest Products: Penan Benalui and the
Autecology of Aquilaria in Indonesian Borneo
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Donovan, D. G.; ;; Puri, R. K.; University of Kent; [email protected].
Traditional knowledge, promoted to make conservation and development more relevant and socially acceptable, is shown to have
an important role in identifying critical research needs in tropical ecology. Botanists, foresters, and phytochemists, among others,
from many countries have sought for decades to understand the process of resin formation in the genus Aquilaria, a tropical forest
tree of South and Southeast Asia. Not every tree develops the resin and, despite extensive scientific research, this process remains
poorly understood. Attempts at cultivating the valuable aromatic resin, gaharu, have been uneven at best. Thus, gaharu remains
largely a natural forest product, increasingly under threat as the trees are overexploited and forest is cleared. In...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Aquilaria; Ethnobiology; Forestry; Gaharu; Kalimantan; Non-timber forest products; Penan; Sandalwood.
Ano: 2004
What does stakeholder involvement mean for fisheries management?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bloomfield, Helen J.; University of Liverpool; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Fisheries management; Stakeholder involvement; Stakeholder preferences.
Ano: 2014
Impacts of Grazing
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Jones, Gary; ; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002
Resilience Lost: Intersecting Land Use and Landscape Dynamics in the Prehistoric Southwestern
United States
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Peeples, Matthew A.; School of Human Evolution & Social Change, Arizona State University;
[email protected]; Barton, C. Michael; School of Human Evolution & Social Change, Arizona State University;
Center for Social Dynamics and Complexity, Arizona State University; [email protected]; Schmich, Steven; School of
Human Evolution & Social Change, Arizona State University; [email protected].
The interdisciplinary framework known as resilience theory used by ecologists, social scientists, as well as policy makers, is
primarily concerned with the sources of transformation and stability in complex socioecological systems. The laboratory of the
long and diverse archaeological record is uniquely suited to testing some of the implications of this theoretical perspective. In this
paper, we consider the history of land use and landscape change across the transition from foraging to agricultural subsistence
economies in the Middle Chevelon Creek region of northern Arizona. Through this discussion, we highlight the potential roles of
diversity and flexibility at multiple spatial and temporal scales in the resilience of human land use practices from the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive cycle; Agriculture; Archaeology; Human environmental impacts; Land use; Landscape dynamics;
Resilience theory; Southwestern United States.
Ano: 2006
A Perspective on the Evolution of e-Dialogues Concerning Interdisciplinary Research on Sustainable
Development in Canada
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dale, Ann; Royal Roads University; [email protected].
Sustainable development research is inherently interdisciplinary; it requires the conscious search for unifying concepts that foster
and reinforce understanding across disciplines. In addition, the number of sectors and actors involved in potential solutions
requires a multistakeholder approach to decision making. The challenge of sustainable development research increasingly presents
itself as a problem-solving activity. It involves producing useful knowledge through applied research. It is normative and not
value-free. It involves complex issues of polity and culture. Thus, sustainable development research needs novel methods for
research, for bringing together expertise that crosses disciplines and sectors, and for informing policy development. It also...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collaborative inquiry; E-dialogue; Interdisciplinary research; Multistakeholder process; Research methods;
Sustainable development.
Ano: 2005
Integrating adaptive governance and participatory multicriteria methods: a framework for climate
adaptation governance
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Munaretto, Stefania; Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University Amsterdam; [email protected];
Siciliano, Giuseppina; Centre for Development, Environment and Policy (CeDEP), School of Oriental and African Studies
(SOAS), University of London; [email protected]; Turvani, Margherita E.; Department of Design and Planning in
Complex Environments, University IUAV of Venice; [email protected].
Climate adaptation is a dynamic social and institutional process where the governance dimension is receiving growing attention.
Adaptive governance is an approach that promises to reduce uncertainty by improving the knowledge base for decision making.
As uncertainty is an inherent feature of climate adaptation, adaptive governance seems to be a promising approach for improving
climate adaptation governance. However, the adaptive governance literature has so far paid little attention to decision-making
tools and methods, and the literature on the governance of adaptation is in its infancy in this regard. We argue that climate
adaptation governance would benefit from systematic and yet flexible decision-making tools and methods such as participatory...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Climate change; Decision-making tools; Experimentation; Learning; Participation.
Ano: 2014
Connecting Social Networks with Ecosystem Services for Watershed Governance: a Social-Ecological
Network Perspective Highlights the Critical Role of Bridging Organizations
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rathwell, Kaitlyn J; University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University,
Sweden; [email protected]; Peterson, Garry D; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden;
[email protected].
In many densely settled agricultural watersheds, water quality is a point of conflict between amenity and agricultural activities
because of the varied demands and impacts on shared water resources. Successful governance of these watersheds requires
coordination among different activities. Recent research has highlighted the role that social networks between management
entities can play to facilitate cross-scale interaction in watershed governance. For example, bridging organizations can be
positioned in social networks to bridge local initiatives done by single municipalities across whole watersheds. To better
understand the role of social networks in social-ecological system dynamics, we combine a social network analysis of the water
quality management...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agricultural watershed agriculture bridging organization ecosystem services Monté
Ré Gie Richelieu River Qué Bec social-ecological feedback social-ecological system social network
analysis social networks tourism two-mode network water quality watershed watershed management Yamaska River
Qué Bec.
Ano: 2012
Community Vulnerability to Floods and Landslides in Nepal
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: K.C., Samir; Research Scholar, World Population Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis;
Wittgenstein Center for Demography and Global Human Capital (IIASA, VID/OEAW, WU); [email protected].
We addressed the issue of differential vulnerability to natural disasters at the level of village communities in Nepal. The focus lay
on the relative importance of different dimensions of socioeconomic status and in particular, we tried to differentiate between the
effects of education and income/wealth, the latter being measured through the existence of permanent housing structures. We
studied damage due to floods and landslides in terms of human lives lost, animals lost, and other registered damage to households.
The statistical analysis was carried out through several alternative models applied separately to the Terai and the Hill and
Mountain Regions, as well as all of Nepal. At all levels and under all models, the results showed consistently...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Education; Floods and landslides; Natural disaster; Nepal; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2013
In Pursuit of Knowledge: Addressing Barriers to Effective Conservation Evaluation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bottrill, Madeleine C; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland; [email protected]; Hockings,
Marc; School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, The University of Queensland; [email protected];
Possingham, Hugh P; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland; [email protected].
Evaluation, the process of assessing the effectiveness of programs and activities, has gained increasing attention in the
conservation sector as programs seek to account for investments, measure their impacts, and adapt interventions to improve future
outcomes.
We conducted a country-wide evaluation of terrestrial-based conservation programs in Samoa. Though rarely
applied, the benefit of evaluating multiple projects at once is that it highlights factors which are persistent and influential across
the entire conservation sector. We found mixed success in achieving goals among conservation programs; yet this result is
surrounded by uncertainty because of the quality of existing evidence on project outcomes. We explore the role of different
components of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Effectiveness; Evaluation; Pacific Islands; Success.
Ano: 2011
Advocacy coalitions, REDD+, and forest governance in Papua New Guinea: how likely is
transformational change?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Babon, Andrea; Charles Darwin University; Center for International Forestry Research;
[email protected]; McIntyre, Daniel; Center for International Forestry Research; [email protected];
Gowae, Gae Y.; University of Papua New Guinea; [email protected]; Gallemore, Caleb; Northeastern Illinois University;
Center for International Forestry Research; [email protected]; Carmenta, Rachel; Center for International Forestry
Research; [email protected]; Di Gregorio, Monica; University of Leeds, School of Earth and Environment; Center for
International Forestry Research; [email protected]; Brockhaus, Maria; Center for International Forestry Research;
[email protected].
Tropical forests in developing countries are increasingly being valued for their role in carbon sequestration. Such interest is
reflected in the emergence of international initiatives for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation
(REDD+). REDD+ requires addressing both tropical forests as complex social-ecological systems and the multiple sectors
involved in tropical forest resources, which may necessitate transformational change away from business-as-usual approaches to
forest governance. We studied the potential for REDD+ to mobilize an influential coalition of actors promoting transformational
change in forest governance in Papua New Guinea (PNG), a leading proponent of REDD+ internationally. Combining policy
network approaches with...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Advocacy coalition framework; Advocacy coalitions; Forest governance; Papua New Guinea; REDD+;
Transformational change.
Ano: 2014
Toward an Integrative Perspective on Social Learning in System Innovation Initiatives
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Beers, Pieter J.; Dutch Research Institute for Transitions, Erasmus University Rotterdam; Knowledge, Technology
& Innovation, Wageningen University; [email protected]; Mierlo, Barbara van; Knowledge, Technology & Innovation,
Wageningen University; [email protected]; Hoes, Anne-Charlotte; Knowledge, Technology & Innovation,
Wageningen University; LEI Wageningen UR; [email protected].
Sustainability transitions go hand in hand with learning. Theories in the realm of sustainability sciences mostly concentrate on
diversity and learning outcomes, whereas theories from the educational sciences mostly focus on learning as an interactive
process. In this contribution, we aim to benefit from an integration of these perspectives in order to better understand how
different interaction patterns contribute to learning. We studied STAP, an innovation initiative of Dutch greenhouse growers. The
Dutch greenhouse sector is predominantly focused on production and efficiency, which causes problems for its future viability.
STAP aimed to make the sector more market-oriented while at the same time increasing its societal acceptability (societally...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Greenhouse growers; Innovation; Interaction patterns; Social learning; Sustainability transitions.
Ano: 2016
Reasoning without Data, Default Assumptions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tillotson, Michael; ; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2000
The Role of Informal Protected Areas in Maintaining Biodiversity in the Western Ghats of India
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bhagwat, Shonil A; Natural History Museum, London; [email protected]; Kushalappa, Cheppudira G; University
of Agricultural Sciences College of Forestry; [email protected]; Williams, Paul H; Natural History Museum, London;
[email protected]; Brown, Nick D; University of Oxford; [email protected].
Although it is widely believed that an important function of protected areas is to conserve species that are unable to survive
elsewhere, there are very few empirical studies in which a comparison is made between biodiversity of protected areas and that of
the cultivated landscape surrounding them. We examined the diversity of trees, birds, and macrofungi at 58 sites in three land-use
types in a tree-covered landscape in Kodagu district in the Western Ghats of India. Ten forest reserve sites in the formal protected
area, and 25 sacred groves and 23 coffee plantations in the neighboring cultivated landscape were sampled. A total of 215 tree, 86
bird, and 163 macrofungus species were recorded. The forest reserve had a large number of trees that were...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Endemic and threatened species; Medicinal plants; Non-timber forest products;
Protected areas; Sacred groves; Western Ghats of India.
Ano: 2005
Institutional entrepreneurship and techniques of inclusiveness in the creation of the
Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
Provedor de dados: 7
This article contributes to understanding the conditions of social-ecological change by focusing on the agency of individuals in the
pathways to institutionalization. Drawing on the case of the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
(IPBES), it addresses institutional entrepreneurship in an emerging environmental science-policy institution (ESPI) at a global
scale.
Drawing on ethnographic observations, semistructured interviews, and document analysis, we propose a detailed
chronology of the genesis of the IPBES before focusing on the final phase of the negotiations toward the creation of the
institution. We analyze the techniques and skills deployed by the chairman during the conference to handle the tensions at play
both to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Chair person; Environmental science-policy institutions; Institutional entrepeneurship; IPBES
(Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services); Sociological investigation; Techniques of inclusiveness.
Ano: 2016
Social Learning through Participatory Integrated Catchment Risk Assessment in the Solomon Islands
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hoverman, Suzanne; University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland; [email protected]; Ross,
Helen; University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland; [email protected]; Chan, Terence; Water Studies Centre, Monash
University, Victoria; [email protected]; Powell, Bronwyn; International WaterCentre Brisbane, Queensland;
[email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Catchment risk assessment; Collective social action; Deliberative democratic theory; Developing countries;
Integrated Water Resources Management IWRM; Knowledge systems; Social learning; Solomon Islands; Pacific Islands.
Ano: 2011
Industrial Restructuring and Urban Change in the Pittsburgh Region: Developmental, Ecological,
and Socioeconomic Trade-offs
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Haller, William; Clemson University; [email protected].
This article traces the steel industry's restructuring during the 1980s and its consequences for older industrial regions tied
historically to steel production.
These regions contained large working-class communities that declined because of
deindustrialization and restructuring. This article first examines the transition of the steel industry from its roots in extractive and
primary manufacturing to a scrap-recycling industry that minimizes labor and raw material inputs. This transition parallels the
structural changes in other industries addressed by political economic perspectives, such as the new international division of labor
and globalization of production. The article then focuses on the socioeconomic and structural changes, using the Pittsburgh...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Deindustrialization; Economic restructuring; Underclass; Uneven development.
Ano: 2005
Building local institutions for national conservation programs: lessons for developing Reducing
Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) programs
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Collen, Wain; International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics (IIIEE), Lund University; PlanJunto;
[email protected]; Krause, Torsten; Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies; [email protected];
Mundaca, Luis; International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics (IIIEE), Lund University;
[email protected]; Nicholas, Kimberly A.; Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies;
[email protected].
For programs that aim to promote forest conservation and poverty alleviation, such as Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and
Forest Degradation (REDD+), the participation of indigenous communities is essential to meet program goals. Using Ostrom's
theory of collective action for common pool resource management, we evaluated the institutions governing indigenous
participation in the Programa Socio Bosque incentive-based conservation program in Ecuador. We conducted structured
interviews with 94 members in 4 communities to assess community institutions for 6 of Ostrom's principles, using 12 measures
we developed for the principles. We found substantial variation between communities in terms of their institutional performance.
The best-performing community...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Amazon; Common pool resource (CPR); Forest governance; Forest policy; Socio Bosque.
Ano: 2016
The Life and Times of Snoek
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Norton, Marieke; University of Cape Town; [email protected].
The Cape Snoek, or Thyrsites atun, is a species of fish that has a significant presence in the history of the Western Cape and the
development of Cape Town. The snoek is a lively creature that is historically, culturally, economically, and ecologically active in
the Western Cape. I argue that in the case of the Cape snoek, the fish and the Cape are performed together; through acts of
differentiation, they mutually constitute one another.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Economy; History; Snoek Western Cape.
Ano: 2013
On Spatial Resolution in Habitat Models: Can Small-scale Forest Structure Explain Capercaillie
Numbers?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Storch, Ilse; Wildlife Research and Management Unit, Technical University of Munich and Max Pl;
[email protected].
This paper explores the effects of spatial resolution on the performance and applicability of habitat models in wildlife
management and conservation. A Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model for the Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) in the Bavarian
Alps, Germany, is presented. The model was exclusively built on non-spatial, small-scale variables of forest structure and without
any consideration of landscape patterns. The main goal was to assess whether a HSI model developed from small-scale habitat
preferences can explain differences in population abundance at larger scales. To validate the model, habitat variables and indirect
sign of Capercaillie use (such as feathers or feces) were mapped in six study areas based on a total of 2901 20 m radius (for
habitat...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bavarian Alps Capercaillie forest structure grouse habitat assessment habitat preferences habitat
structure and population density Habitat Suitability Index Model population density spatial scale Tetrao urogallus
wildlife– Habitat relationships.
Ano: 2002
Balancing Development and Conservation? An Assessment of Livelihood and Environmental
Outcomes of Nontimber Forest Product Trade in Asia, Africa, and Latin America
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kusters, Koen; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); [email protected]; Achdiawan, Ramadhani;
Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); [email protected]; Belcher, Brian; Center for International Forestry
Research (CIFOR); [email protected].
This article addresses the question, to what extent and under which conditions nontimber forest product (NTFP) trade leads to
both livelihood improvement and forest conservation. We based the analysis on a standardized expert-judgment assessment of the
livelihood and environmental outcomes of 55 cases of NTFP trade from Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The results show that
NTFP trade benefits several components of peoples' livelihoods, but may increase inequality between households. Involvement of
women in the production-to-consumption system (PCS) tends to have a positive impact on intrahousehold equity. In 80% of the
cases, the commercial production of NTFPs does not enable people to make financial investments to increase quality and quantity
of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Assessment; Conservation; Development; Environmental outcomes; Forest use; Livelihoods; Livelihood
outcomes; Nontimber forest products; Trade.
Ano: 2006
Producers and Consumers of Research
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tyson, Wayne; ; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002
The Social and Environmental Impacts of Biofuel Feedstock Cultivation: Evidence from Multi-Site
Research in the Forest Frontier
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: German, Laura; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); [email protected]; Schoneveld , George
C.; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); [email protected]; Pacheco, Pablo; Center for International
Forestry Research (CIFOR); [email protected].
Preoccupation with global energy supplies and climate change in the global North, and a desire to improve the balance of trade
and capture value in the emerging carbon market by developing countries, together place biofuels firmly on the map of global land
use change. Much of this recent land use change is occurring in developing countries where large agro-ecologically suitable tracts
of land may be accessed at lower economic and opportunity cost. This is leading to the gradual penetration of commercial crops
that provide suitable biofuel feedstocks (e.g., sugarcane, soybean, oil palm, jatropha) into rural communities and forested
landscapes throughout many areas of the global South.
Expansion of biofuel feedstock cultivation in developing countries is...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Africa; Biofuels; Environmental impacts; Forest frontier; Latin America; Social impacts; Southeast Asia.
Ano: 2011
Adapting adaptation: the English eco-town initiative as governance process
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tomozeiu, Daniel; University of Westminster; [email protected]; Joss, Simon; University of Westminster;
[email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: English eco-towns; Multilevel governance; UK climate change adaptation.
Ano: 2014
Developmental Disorders as Pathological Resilience Domains
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wallace, Rodrick; ; [email protected].
Ecosystem resilience theory permits novel exploration of developmental psychiatric and chronic physical disorders. Structured
psychosocial stress, and similar noxious exposures, can write distorted images of themselves onto child growth, and, if sufficiently
powerful, adult development as well, initiating a punctuated life course trajectory to characteristic forms of comorbid mind/body
dysfunction. For an individual, within the linked network of broadly cognitive psysiological and mental subsystems, this occurs in
a manner almost exactly similar to resilience domain shifts affecting a stressed ecosystem, suggesting that reversal or palliation
may often be exceedingly difficult. Thus resilience theory may contribute significant new perspectives to the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Chronic disease; Cognition; Comorbidity; Developmental disorder; Ecosystem; Resilience.
Ano: 2008
Landscapes with Araucaria in South America: evidence for a cultural dimension
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Peroni, Nivaldo; Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Araucaria forests; Araucaria angustifolia; Araucaria araucana; Cultural identity; Cultural landscape; Traditional
diet.
Ano: 2014
Integrating Traditional and Evolutionary Knowledge in Biodiversity Conservation: a Population
Level Case Study
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fraser, Dylan J; Department of Biology, Dalhousie University; [email protected]; Coon, Thomas; Cree Trapper's
Association; [email protected]; Prince, Michael R.; Cree Nation of Mistissini, Quebec;
[email protected]; Dion, Rene; Grand Council of the Crees of Quebec; [email protected]; Bernatchez, Louis;
Department of Biology, Laval University; [email protected].
Despite their dual importance in the assessment of endangered/threatened species, there have been few attempts to integrate
traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) and evolutionary biology knowledge (EBK) at the population level. We contrasted
long-term aboriginal TEK with previously obtained EBK in the context of seasonal migratory habits and population biology of a
salmonid fish, brook charr, (Salvelinus fontinalis) inhabiting a large, remote postglacial lake. Compilation of TEK spanning four
decades involved analytical workshops, semidirective interviews, and collaborative fieldwork with local aboriginal informants and
fishing guides. We found that TEK complemented EBK of brook charr by providing concordant and additional information about
(1) population...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Conservation; Cree; Evolutionary biology; Fish; James Bay; Local ecological knowledge;
Migration; Northern research; Traditional ecological knowledge; Traditional knowledge.
Ano: 2006
Path Dependence, Escaping Sustained Yield
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Henderson, Bill; Sunshine Coast Forest Watch; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001
Power and Conflict in Adaptive Management: Analyzing the Discourse of Riparian Management on
Public Lands
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Arnold, Jennifer S; School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Florida; [email protected];
Koro-Ljungberg, Mirka; School of Human Development and Organizational Studies, University of Florida ; [email protected];
Bartels, Wendy-Lin; Florida Climate Institute, University of Florida; [email protected].
Adaptive collaborative management emphasizes stakeholder engagement as a crucial component of resilient social-ecological
systems. Collaboration among diverse stakeholders is expected to enhance learning, build social legitimacy for decision making,
and establish relationships that support learning and adaptation in the long term. However, simply bringing together diverse
stakeholders does not guarantee productive engagement. Using critical discourse analysis, we examined how diverse stakeholders
negotiated knowledge and power in a workshop designed to inform adaptive management of riparian livestock grazing on a
National Forest in the southwestern USA. Publicly recognized as a successful component of a larger collaborative effort, we found
that the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collaboration; Conflict; Critical discourse analysis; Dialogue; Facilitation; Livestock grazing; Public
participation; Riparian management social learning stakeholder engagement.
Ano: 2012
Drivers of Change in Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes: Implications for Better Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gu, Hongyan; Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences; United Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study of
Sustainability; [email protected]; Subramanian, Suneetha M.; United Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study of
Sustainability; [email protected].
The term socio-ecological production landscapes (SEPLs) has recently gained currency in conservation circles because of a
recognized need to look beyond protected areas to the management of human-influenced landscapes and ecosystems. We have
drawn on a variety of case studies from Asia and other parts of the world to understand the underlying driving forces that have led
to the need for greater awareness and sustainable management of SEPLs. We have analyzed the drivers of these changes from
socio-political, legal, economic, and socio-cultural perspectives. The analysis shows that SEPLs contribute to local, national, and
global economies, and their production and harvesting processes are subject to external demands and pressures. Policy makers
should...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Case study; Conservation; Cultural landscapes; Drivers of change; Ecosystem approach; Resilience.
Ano: 2014
Examining Enabling Conditions for Community-Based Fisheries Comanagement: Comparing Efforts
in Hawai‘i and American Samoa
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Levine, Arielle S.; San Diego State University; [email protected]; Richmond, Laurie S.; Humboldt State
University; [email protected].
Much attention in global fisheries management has been directed toward increasing the involvement of local communities in
managing marine resources. Although community-based fisheries comanagement has the potential to address resource
conservation and societal needs, the success of these programs is by no means guaranteed, and many comanagement regimes have
struggled. Although promising in theory, comanagement programs meet a variety of political, social, economic, ecological, and
logistical challenges upon implementation. We have provided an analysis of two community-based fisheries comanagement
initiatives: Hawai‘i’s Community-Based Subsistence Fishing Area (CBSFA) legislation and American
Samoa’s Community-Based Fisheries...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: American Samoa; Community-based management; Fisheries comanagement; Hawai‘ I; Marine
resource management; Traditional conservation methods.
Ano: 2014
Conservation of Places Versus Processes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Trimble, Kevin; ESG International; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002
Using crowdsourced imagery to detect cultural ecosystem services: a case study in South Wales, UK
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gliozzo, Gianfranco; Extreme Citizen Science (ExCiteS) Research Group, University College London; Institute of
Zoology, Zoological Society of London; [email protected]; Pettorelli, Nathalie; Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of
London; [email protected]; Haklay, Mordechai (Muki); Extreme Citizen Science (ExCiteS) Research Group,
University College London; [email protected].
Within ecological research and environmental management, there is currently a focus on demonstrating the links between human
well-being and wildlife conservation. Within this framework, there is a clear interest in better understanding how and why people
value certain places over others. We introduce a new method that measures cultural preferences by exploring the potential of
multiple online georeferenced digital photograph collections. Using ecological and social considerations, our study contributes to
the detection of places that provide cultural ecosystem services. The degree of appreciation of a specific place is derived from the
number of people taking and sharing pictures of it. The sequence of decisions and actions taken to share a digital picture...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Crowdsourcing; Cultural ecosystem services; Environmental spaces detection; Online imagery; Social
preferences; Spatial analysis; Volunteered geographic information (VGI).
Ano: 2016
Resilience of Sweet Chestnut and Truffle Holm-Oak Rural Forests in Languedoc-Roussillon, France:
Roles of Social-Ecological Legacies, Domestication, and Innovations
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Aumeeruddy-Thomas, Yildiz; CNRS, Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175;
[email protected]; Therville, Clara; University of Montpellier II; [email protected]; Lemarchand, Cedric;
University Montpellier II; [email protected]; Richard, Franck; CNRS, Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et
Evolutive, UMR 5175; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2012
Willingness to pay for ecosystem conservation in Alaska’s Tongass National Forest: a
choice modeling study
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hjerpe, Evan E.; Conservation Economics Institute; [email protected]; Hussain, Anwar; Forest Policy Center,
Auburn University; Conservation Economics Institute; [email protected].
Forest ecosystems contribute to human welfare in important ways, but because of the nonmarket nature of many of the goods and
services produced, both markets and governments fail to optimize their production commensurate with their economic and
ecological significance. Despite the recent proliferation of nonmarket environmental valuation in the literature, the incorporation
of nonmarket values into public forest decision making has been limited by institutional and methodological barriers. To address
this disconnect, we conducted a case study to quantify conservation values for the Tongass National Forest in a manner conducive
for public forest planning. A choice experiment featuring proposed forest management alternatives with changes in critical...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Choice experiment; Conservation economics; Ecological restoration; Nonmarket valuation; Old-growth forests;
Tongass National Forest.
Ano: 2016
Using structured decision making with landowners to address private forest management and
parcelization: balancing multiple objectives and incorporating uncertainty
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ferguson, Paige F. B.; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama; Warnell School of Forestry and
Natural Resources, University of Georgia; [email protected]; Conroy, Michael J;
Warnell School of Forestry and Natural
Resources, University of Georgia; [email protected]; Chamblee, John F; Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia;
[email protected]; Hepinstall-Cymerman, Jeffrey;
Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia;
[email protected].
Parcelization and forest fragmentation are of concern for ecological, economic, and social reasons. Efforts to keep large, private
forests intact may be supported by a decision-making process that incorporates landowners’ objectives and
uncertainty. We used structured decision making (SDM) with owners of large, private forests in Macon County, North Carolina.
Macon County has little land use regulation and a history of discordant, ineffective attempts to address land use and development.
We worked with landowners to define their objectives, identify decision options for forest management, build a Bayesian decision
network to predict the outcomes of decisions, and determine the optimal and least-desirable decision options. The optimal forest...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bayesian decision network; Conservation easement; Decision analysis; Forestry; Fragmentation; Heritage;
Present-use value; Sustainability; Timber harvest.
Ano: 2015
Social-ecological Functions and Vulnerability Framework to Analyze Forest Policy Reforms
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rives, Fanny; CIRAD, UPR GREEN, F-34398 Montpellier, France; [email protected]; Antona, Martine; CIRAD,
UPR GREEN, F-34398 Montpellier, France; [email protected]; Aubert, Sigrid; CIRAD, UPR GREEN, 99 Antananarivo,
Madagascar CIRAD, UPR GREEN, F-34398 Montpellier, France; [email protected].
We explore the impact of forest policy reforms implemented in the early 1990s in Niger in the wake of the severe droughts that
affected the Sahel in the 1970s and 1980s. We focus on Sahelian multiple-use forest ecosystems and set out to analyze
policy-induced changes in the patterns of interactions between various uses, users, and dry-forest ecosystems, interactions that
influence the effective management of rural forests. We put forward the hypothesis that the new forest policy reforms were
designed according to a vulnerability diagnosis, highlighting two stressors: droughts and increased demand for firewood. This led
to a single-issue policy focused on firewood provision and was implemented through the Household Energy Strategy (HES). The
HES...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Fuelwood; Rural forest; Sahel; Social-ecological changes; Socio-ecological changes.
Ano: 2012
Calopteryx Damselfly Dispersions Arising from Multiscale Responses to Landscape Structure
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Jonsen, Ian; University of Alberta; [email protected]; Taylor, Philip D; Acadia University; [email protected].
Using spatially explicit simulation models, we explored the extent to which fine-scale (i.e., meters to tens of meters) movement
behaviors could be used to predict broader scale patterns of distribution on heterogeneous landscapes. Our models were tailored
by empirical data on Calopterygid damselfly movements on three types of landscapes that differed in amount of forest habitat.
Surveys of the two congeneric damselflies, Calopteryx aequabilis and Calopteryx maculata, demonstrated that both species
occupied stream and forest habitats on forested and partially forested landscapes, but were found primarily along streams on
nonforested landscapes. Simulation models whose parameters were derived using empirical movement data for both species
showed that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Calopteryx aequabilis; Calopteryx maculata; Connectivity; Damselflies; Landscape structure; Movement
behaviors; Multiscale dispersion; Patch boundary permeability; Patch viscosity; Simulation model; Spatial scale.
Ano: 2000
Thresholds in Ecological and Social–Ecological Systems: a Developing Database
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Walker, Brian; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems; [email protected]; Meyers, Jacqueline A; ;
[email protected].
Increasing interest in regime shifts in ecological and linked social–ecological systems (SESs) has placed a strong
focus on the thresholds of change. However, research into this topic has been hampered by a lack of empirical data. This paper
describes a developing database established to address this need. The database is freely available and comprises a set of
summarized published examples and a searchable bibliographic database of publications on the topic. Thresholds in the database
are characterized in terms of a standardized set of 24 descriptors, including the variables along which they occur, the variables that
change, and the factors that have driven the change. Readers are encouraged to contribute new examples. Examples range from...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Alternate states database ecosystems regime shifts resilience social– Ecological systems
thresholds.
Ano: 2004
Missing Links in Global Water Governance: a Processes-Oriented Analysis
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pahl-Wostl, Claudia; Unversity of Osnabrueck, Germany; [email protected]; Conca, Ken; American
University School of International Service, Washington, D.C. USA; [email protected]; Kramer, Annika; Adelphi Research,
Berlin, Germany; [email protected]; Maestu, Josefina; UN-Water Decade Programme on Advocacy and Communication Casa
Solans, Zaragoza, Spain ; [email protected]; Schmidt, Falk; Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, Potsdam, Germany;
[email protected].
Over the past decade, the policy and scholarly communities have increasingly recognized the need for governance of water-related
issues at the global level. There has been major progress in the achievement of international goals related to the provision of basic
water and some progress on sanitation services. However, the water challenge is much broader than securing supply. Doubts have
been raised about the effectiveness of some of the existing governance processes, in the face of trends such as the unsustainable
use of water resources, the increasing pressure imposed by climate change, or the implications of population growth for water
use in food and energy production. Conflicts between different water uses and users are increasing, and the state of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Climate change and water; Global water governance; Network governance.
Ano: 2013
Ex Ante Impact Assessment of Policies Affecting Land Use, Part B: Application of the Analytical
Framework
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Helming, Katharina; Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF); [email protected]; Diehl, Katharina;
Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF); [email protected]; Kuhlman, Tom; Agricultural Economics Research
Institute (LEI); [email protected]; Verburg, Peter H.; Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam;
[email protected]; Bakker, Martha; Alterra WUR; [email protected]; Perez-Soba, Marta; Alterra WUR;
[email protected]; Jones, Laurence; Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH) Bangor; [email protected]; Verkerk, Pieter
Johannes; European Forest Institute (EFI); [email protected]; Tabbush, Paul; ; [email protected]; Morris, Jake Breton;
Forest Research; [email protected]; Drillet, Zuzana; University of Aberdeen; [email protected]; Farrington,
John; University of Aberdeen; [email protected]; Stuczynski, Tomasz; Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation;
[email protected]; Siebielec, Grzegorz; Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation; [email protected]; Sieber, Stefan;
Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF); [email protected]; Wiggering, Hubert; Leibniz-Centre for
Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF); [email protected].
The use of science-based tools for impact assessment has increasingly gained focus in addressing the complexity of interactions
between environment, society, and economy. For integrated assessment of policies affecting land use, an analytical framework
was developed. The aim of our work was to apply the analytical framework for specific scenario cases and in combination with
quantitative and qualitative application methods. The analytical framework was tested for two cases involving the ex ante impact
assessment of: (1) a European Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) financial reform scenario employing a modeling approach and
combined with a comprehensive indicator analysis and valuation; and (2) a regional bioenergy policy scenario, employing a
fully...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Analytical framework; Discussion tools; DPSIR framework; Ex ante impact assessment; Land-use change;
Model-based tools; Participatory assessment tools; Policy development; Sustainability.
Ano: 2011
Exploring Panarchy in Alpine Grasslands: an Application of Adaptive Cycle Concepts to the
Conservation of a Cultural Landscape
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Soane, Ian D.; Action with Communities in Cumbria; IASMA Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund
Mach; [email protected]; Scolozzi, Rocco; IASMA Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach;
[email protected]; Gretter, Alessandro; IASMA Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach;
[email protected]; Hubacek , Klaus; Department of Geography, University of Maryland; Department of Land Economy,
University of Cambridge; [email protected].
This paper explores approaches of applying the panarchy perspective to a case study of natural resource management in the
cultural landscape of upland alpine pastures in northern Italy. The close interaction within the cultural landscape between alpine
pasture ecology and the management regimes offers a strong fit with the concept of social-ecological systems and provides
insights to appropriate and adaptive management of sites of conservation interest. We examine the limited literature available that
offers a resilience understanding of such landscapes and address apparent gaps in the application through our interpretation and
use of adaptive cycles and panarchy. We draft conceptual models of adaptive cycles considering ecological and socioeconomic...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive cycles; Alpine pastures; Cultural landscapes; Natura 2000; Natural resource management; Panarchy.
Ano: 2012
Motivating residents to combat invasive species on private lands: social norms and community
reciprocity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Niemiec, Rebecca M; Emmett Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources, Stanford University;
[email protected]; Ardoin, Nicole M; Graduate School of Education and Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford
University; [email protected]; Wharton, Candace B; Hawaiʻi Community College, Hilo; [email protected];
Asner, Gregory P; Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science; [email protected].
Invasive species (IS) threaten biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. To achieve landscape-scale reductions in IS and the
associated gains for biodiversity, IS control efforts must be expanded across private lands. Enhancing IS control across private
lands requires an understanding of the factors that motivate residents to engage or prohibit residents from engaging in efforts to
control IS. Drawing from the collective interest model and literature, we sought to understand how a wide range of interpersonal,
intrapersonal, and contextual factors might influence resident action around combating the invasive tree albizia (Falcataria
moluccana), in the Puna District of Hawaiʻi. To do so, we used a cross-sectional survey of 243 residents and elastic...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Community-based conservation; Conservation; Environmental behavior; Hawaiʻ I; Invasive species;
Private lands.
Ano: 2016
Ecosystem Modeling for Evaluation of Adaptive Management Policies in the Grand Canyon
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Walters, Carl J; University of British Columbia; [email protected]; Korman, Josh; Ecometric Research Inc.;
[email protected]; Stevens, Lawrence E; Stevens Ecological Consulting; [email protected]; Gold, Barry; The David and
Lucile Packard Foundation; [email protected].
An Adaptive Environmental Assessment and Management workshop process was used to assist Grand Canyon scientists and
managers in developing conceptual and simulation models for the Colorado ecosystem affected by Glen Canyon Dam. This model
examines ecosystem variables and processes at multiple scales in space and time, ranging from feet and hours for benthic algal
response to diurnal flow changes, to reaches and decades for sediment storage and dynamics of long-lived native fish species. Its
aim is to help screen policy options ranging from changes in hourly variation in flow allowed from Glen Canyon Dam, to major
structural changes for restoration of more natural temperature regimes. It appears that we can make fairly accurate predictions
about some...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Aquatic primary productivity; Colorado River; Dam; Ecosystem models; Grand Canyon;
Habitat restoration; Hydrology; Insect productivity; Native fishes; Riparian ecosystems; Sediment budget.
Ano: 2000
The "View Thing" Outside Academia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hoffman, Philip; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle District; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003
Planetary Boundaries: Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Steffen, Will; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; Australian National University, Australia;
[email protected]; Noone, Kevin; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; Department of Applied
Environmental Science, Stockholm University; [email protected]; Chapin, F. Stuart III; Institute of Arctic
Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks; [email protected]; Lambin, Eric; Department of Geography, University of
Louvain; [email protected]; Lenton, Timothy M; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia;
[email protected]; Scheffer, Marten; Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University;
[email protected]; Folke, Carl; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; The Beijer Institute of Ecological
Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; [email protected]; Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim; Potsdam Institute for
Climate Impact Research; Environmental Change Institute and Tyndall Centre, Oxford University ;
[email protected]; de Wit, Cynthia A; Department of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm University;
[email protected]; Hughes, Terry; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University;
[email protected]; van der Leeuw, Sander; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University;
[email protected]; Rodhe, Henning; Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University; [email protected]; Snyder, Peter K;
Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota; [email protected]; Costanza, Robert; Stockholm Resilience
Centre, Stockholm University; Gund Institute for Ecological Economics, University of Vermont; [email protected]; Svedin,
Uno; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; [email protected]; Falkenmark, Malin; Stockholm Resilience
Centre, Stockholm University; Stockholm International Water Institute; [email protected]; Karlberg, Louise;
Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; Stockholm Environment Institute;
[email protected]; Corell, Robert W; The H. John Heinz III Center for Science, Economics and the
Environment ; [email protected]; Fabry, Victoria J; Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San
Marcos; [email protected]; Hansen, James; NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies; [email protected]; Walker,
Brian; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems; [email protected]; Liverman,
Diana; Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment; Institute of the Environment, University of
Arizona ; [email protected]; Richardson, Katherine; Earth System Science Centre, University of Copenhagen;
[email protected]; Crutzen, Paul; Max Planck Institute for Chemistry; [email protected]; Foley, Jonathan; Institute on
the Environment, University of Minnesota; [email protected].
Anthropogenic pressures on the Earth System have reached a scale where abrupt global environmental change can no longer be
excluded. We propose a new approach to global sustainability in which we define planetary boundaries within which we expect
that humanity can operate safely. Transgressing one or more planetary boundaries may be deleterious or even catastrophic due to
the risk of crossing thresholds that will trigger non-linear, abrupt environmental change within continental- to planetary-scale
systems.
We have identified nine planetary boundaries and, drawing upon current scientific understanding, we propose
quantifications for seven of them. These seven are climate change (CO2 concentration in the atmosphere <350 ppm
and/or a maximum change...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Atmospheric aerosol loading; Biogeochemical nitrogen cycle; Biological diversity; Chemical pollution; Climate
change; Earth; Global freshwater use; Land system change; Ocean acidification; Phosphorus cycle; Planetary boundaries;
Stratospheric ozone; Sustainability.
Ano: 2009
Resilience strategies in the face of short- and long-term change: out-migration and fisheries regulation
in Alaskan fishing communities
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Himes-Cornell, Amber; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; [email protected]; Hoelting, Kristin;
Colorado State University; [email protected].
Historically, communities persisted in remote, isolated areas of Alaska in large part because of the abundance of marine and
terrestrial resources, as well as the ability of local people to opportunistically access those resources as they became available.
Species switching and the ability to shift effort away from fisheries during poor years allowed local residents to diversify their
livelihoods in the face of uncertainties and ecological change. The advent of modern fisheries management, which views Alaskan
fisheries as the property of all citizens of the United States, has fundamentally altered the relationship of place-based communities
to fishery resources. Local access to fisheries has been particularly affected by the development of transferable...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Alaska; Communities; Fisheries privatization; Out-migration; Resilience; Well-being.
Ano: 2015
Winter Responses of Forest Birds to Habitat Corridors and Gaps
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: St. Clair, Colleen Cassady; University of Alberta; [email protected]; Hannon, Susan; University of Alberta;
[email protected].
Forest fragmentation and habitat loss may disrupt the movement or dispersal of forest-dwelling birds. Despite much interest in the
severity of these effects and ways of mitigating them, little is known about actual movement patterns in different habitat types. We
studied the movement of wintering resident birds, lured by playbacks of mobbing calls, to compare the willingness of forest birds
to travel various distances in continuous forest, along narrow corridors (fencerows), and across gaps in forest cover. We also
quantified the willingness of Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) to cross gaps when alternative forested detour routes
were available. All species were less likely to respond to the calls as distance increased to 200 m, although...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Black-capped Chickadee; Corridor; Detour trials; Dispersal; Downy Woodpecker; Forest fragmentation; Gap
width; Hairy Woodpecker; Movement; Poecile atricapillus; Picoides pubescens; Picoides villosus; Sitta carolinensis;
White-breasted Nuthatch.
Ano: 1998
Design and Analysis of Conservation Projects in Latin America: an Integrative Approach to Training
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Galindo-Leal, Carlos; Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International;
[email protected].
The Latin American countries have a disproportionate importance in global biodiversity conservation. Six of the 14 megadiversity
countries that house 60–70% of the species in the world are located on this region. Unfortunately, the number of
environmental professionals in Latin America is extremely small. Furthermore, most of them have no postgraduate degrees and
are unacquainted with general research methodology and recently developed concepts and tools. In addition, many speak no
English and have no way to communicate with colleagues in other parts of the world. In collaboration with Latin American
colleagues, universities, government agencies, and nongovernment organizations, I have been developing an integrated field
course titled "Design and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Capacity building; Conservation projects; Field courses; Latin America; Project
analysis; Project design.
Ano: 2001
The Effects of Human Socioeconomic Status and Cultural Characteristics on Urban Patterns of
Biodiversity
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kinzig, Ann P; Arizona State University; [email protected]; Warren, Paige; ; [email protected]; Martin, Chris;
; [email protected]; Hope, Diane; ; [email protected]; Katti, Madhusudan; ; [email protected].
We present evidence that there can be substantial variation in species richness in residential areas differing in their socioeconomic
and cultural characteristics. Many analyses of the impacts of urbanization on biodiversity rely on traditional
“urban-to-rural” gradient measures, such as distance from urban center or population density, and thus
can fail to account for the ways in which human socioeconomic and cultural characteristics are shaping the
human–environment interaction and ecological outcomes. This influence of residential values and economic
resources on biodiversity within the urban matrix has implications for human quality of life, for urban conservation strategies, and
for urban planning.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Avian biodiversity; Human-environment interaction; Plant biodiversity; Urban biodiversity; Urban ecology.
Ano: 2005
Exploring institutional adaptive capacity in practice: examining water governance adaptation in
Australia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bettini, Yvette; University of Queensland, Institute for Social Science Research; Monash Water for Liveability Centre,
Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities, Monash University; [email protected]; Brown, Rebekah R; School of
Social Sciences, Monash Water for Liveability Centre, Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities, Monash
University; [email protected]; de Haan, Fjalar J; School of Social Sciences, Monash Water for Liveability Centre,
Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities, Monash University; [email protected].
Adaptive capacity is widely held as a key property of resilient and transformative social-ecological systems. However, current
knowledge of the term does not yet address key questions of how to operationalize this system condition to address sustainability
challenges through research and policy. This paper explores temporal and agency dimensions of adaptive capacity in practice to
better understand how system conditions and attributes enable adaptation. An institutional dynamics lens is employed to
systemically examine empirical cases of change in urban water management. Comparative analysis of two Australian cities'
drought response is conducted using institutional analysis and qualitative system dynamics mapping techniques. The study finds
that three...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Institutions; Resilience; Transformation; Water governance.
Ano: 2015
Archaeological Evidence for Resilience of Pacific Northwest Salmon Populations and the
Socioecological System over the last ~7,500 years
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Campbell, Sarah K.; Department of Anthropology, Western Washington University; [email protected]; Butler,
Virginia L.; Department of Anthropology, Portland State University; [email protected].
Archaeological data on the long history of interaction between indigenous people and salmon have rarely been applied to
conservation management. When joined with ethnohistoric records, archaeology provides an alternative conceptual view of the
potential for sustainable harvests and can suggest possible social mechanisms for managing human behavior. Review of the
~7,500-year-long fish bone record from two subregions of the Pacific Northwest shows remarkable stability in
salmon use. As major changes in the ecological and social system occurred over this lengthy period, persistence in the fishery is
not due simply to a lack of perturbation, but rather indicates resilience in the ecological–human system. Of several
factors possibly...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Indigenous resource management; Pacific Northwest; Salmon; Sustainable harvests; Zooarchaeology.
Ano: 2010
Conceptualizing and Operationalizing Social Resilience within Commercial Fisheries in Northern
Australia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Marshall, Nadine A; CSIRO; [email protected]; Marshall, Paul A; Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority;
[email protected].
How can we tell whether resource-dependent people are socially resilient to institutional change? This question is becoming
increasingly important as demand for natural resources escalates, requiring resource managers to implement policies that are
increasingly restrictive on resource users. Yet policy changes are frequently made without a good understanding of the likely
social and economic consequences. Knowledge of the resilience of resource users to changes in resource-use policies can assist in
the design and implementation of policies that minimize the impacts on people while maximizing the sustainability of ecosystem
goods and services. Despite the appeal of resilience as a framework for sustaining human-environment relations, there has been
a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Social resilience; Social adaptation; Social impacts; Institutional change; Socio-ecological systems; Integrated
research; Policy response; Natural resource management; Fishing; Australia.
Ano: 2007
Enhancing the Fit through Adaptive Co-management: Creating and Maintaining Bridging Functions
for Matching Scales in the Kristianstads Vattenrike Biosphere Reserve, Sweden
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Olsson, Per; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; [email protected]; Folke, Carl; Stockholm Resilience
Centre, Stockholm University; The Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences;
[email protected]; Galaz, Victor; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; [email protected]; Hahn,
Thomas; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; [email protected]; Schultz, Lisen; Department of Systems Ecology,
Stockholm University; [email protected].
In this article, we focus on adaptive governance of social–ecological systems (SES) and, more specifically, on social
factors that can enhance the fit between governance systems and ecosystems. The challenge lies in matching multilevel
governance system, often characterized by fragmented organizational and institutional structures and compartmentalized and
sectorized decision-making processes, with ecosystems characterized by complex interactions in time and space. The ability to
create the right links, at the right time, around the right issues in multilevel governance systems is crucial for fostering responses
that build social–ecological resilience and maintain the capacity of complex and dynamic ecosystems to generate
services for...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive co-management; Adaptive governance; Cross-level links; Cross-scale interactions; Ecosystem
management; Resilience; Social– Ecological systems; Social networks.
Ano: 2007
Green area loss in San Juan’s inner-ring suburban neighborhoods: a multidisciplinary
approach to analyzing green/gray area dynamics
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ramos-Santiago, Luis E.; The Florida State University, Department of Urban & Regional Planning;
[email protected]; Villanueva-Cubero, Luis; University of Puerto Rico, Department of Natural Sciences;
[email protected]; Santiago-Acevedo, Luis E.; University of Puerto Rico, Graduate School of Planning;
[email protected]; Rodriguez-Melendez, Yasha N.; Centro de Estudios Avanzados y del Caribe;
[email protected].
The loss of green areas and vegetation in suburban neighborhoods poses short- and long-term consequences associated with
environmental changes and socioeconomic decline that can propel such developments to an unsustainable state. We summarize an
interdisciplinary investigation aimed at identifying the drivers of green area loss, green cover loss, and quantifying the impact on
three inner-ring suburban neighborhoods located along the Rio Piedras watershed in San Juan, Puerto Rico. An inductive
approach to social-ecological research was undertaken because it provides a flexible platform for interdisciplinary collaboration
on this complex and dynamic subject. The three developments selected for the study were constructed in the mid-20th century
under...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Green area loss; Inner-ring suburbs; Land-use science; Neighborhood decline; Puerto Rico; Social-ecological;
Sustainability; Urban dynamics; Urban planning.
Ano: 2014
Variability in Fire Frequency and Forest Composition in Canada's Southeastern Boreal Forest: A
Challenge for Sustainable Forest Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bergeron, Yves; Universite du Quebec a Montreal; [email protected]; Richard, Pierre J.H.; ;
[email protected]; Carcaillet, Christopher; ; [email protected]; Gauthier, Sylvie; ;
[email protected]; Flannigan, Mike; Canadian Forest Service; [email protected]; Prairie, Yves T; ;
[email protected].
Because some consequences of fire resemble the effects of industrial forest harvesting, forest management is often considered as a
disturbance having effects similar to those of natural disturbances. Although the analogy between forest management and fire
disturbance in boreal ecosystems has some merit, it is important to recognize that it has limitations. First, normal forest rotations
truncate the natural forest stand age distribution and eliminate over-mature forests from the landscape. Second, in the boreal
mixedwoods, natural forest dynamics following fire may involve a gradual replacement of stands of intolerant broadleaf species
by mixedwood and then softwood stands, whereas current silvicultural practices promote successive rotations of similarly...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Fire regime; Boreal forest; Mixedwood; Holocene vegetation; Sustainable forestry; Management for
biodiversity.
Ano: 1998
Combining Policy Network and Model-Based Scenario Analyses: An Assessment of Future Ecosystem
Goods and Services in Swiss Mountain Regions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hirschi, Christian; Professorship of Environmental Policy and Economics, Department of Environmental Systems
Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich); [email protected]; Widmer, Alexander;
Professorship of Environmental Policy and Economics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of
Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich); [email protected]; Briner, Simon; Agri-food and Agri-environmental Economics Group,
Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich); [email protected];
Huber, Robert; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL; [email protected].
We argue that the often-proclaimed disregard of ex-ante assessments of the provision of ecosystem goods and services in
policy-making processes is not only due to a neglect or a misinterpretation of the results of such assessments in the relevant
political processes, but also due to an inaccurate inclusion of political variables into those assessments. To address this weakness,
we combine a model-based scenario analysis with a policy network analysis. Analyzing the structure of the policy network and
taking into account the policy preferences of the individual network actors allows us to assess the feasibility and likelihood of
policy developments as derived from scenario-based modeling assessments. We demonstrate the applicability of our approach in
an...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Ecosystem goods and services; Ex-ante assessments; Model-based scenario analysis;
Mountain regions; Policy network analysis; Switzerland.
Ano: 2013
The potential of, and threat to, the transfer of ecological knowledge in urban areas: the case of
community-based woodland management in Tokyo, Japan
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tsuchiya, Kazuaki; Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba; [email protected]; Aoyagi, Midori;
Center for Social and Environmental Systems Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies; [email protected]; Okuro,
Toshiya; Department of Ecosystem Studies, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo;
[email protected]; Takeuchi, Kazuhiko; Integrated Research System for Sustainability Science, The University of
Tokyo; United Nations University; [email protected].
Urban dwellers often have little knowledge of local ecosystems, but community groups that actively manage local ecosystems can
acquire a rich ecological knowledge. Understanding the knowledge transfer process within community groups contributes to the
continuous improvement of urban ecosystem management. In this paper, we address three main questions: (1) How is ecological
knowledge acquisition linked to boundary and intra-group interactions? (2) Does holding knowledge mean the involvement in
actual management activities? (3) Does the aging of community group members threaten the continuity of activities? We selected
satoyama woodlands (seminatural woodlands) in peri-urban Tokyo, Japan as a study site. We used a mixed method approach that
combined a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Local ecological knowledge; Mixed method; Satoyama; Urban ecology; Woodland management.
Ano: 2014
Is Corruption Bad for Environmental Sustainability? A Cross-National Analysis.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Morse, Stephen; University of Reading; [email protected].
This paper explores the hypothesis that higher levels of corruption are detrimental to environmental sustainability. It does this by
employing the Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI) and its component variables and indicators as promoted by the World
Economic Forum and the Corruption Perception Index (CPI) created by Transparency International (TI). Both the CPI and ESI
were shown to be statistically significantly related to income (proxied as GDP/capita) such that environmental sustainability
declined with decreasing income while corruption worsened. The ESI for 2002 was also divided into indicators representing
pressure, state, impact and response (i.e., the PSIR framework), and each of these were regressed onto a ‘residual
CPI’...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Corruption Perception Index; Environmental Sustainability Index.
Ano: 2006
Time Series of Landscape Fragmentation Caused by Transportation Infrastructure and Urban
Development: a Case Study from Baden-Württemberg, Germany
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Jaeger, Jochen A. G.; Concordia University; [email protected]; Schwarz-von Raumer, Hans-Georg; University
of Stuttgart; [email protected]; Esswein, Heide; University of Stuttgart; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Effective mesh size; Environmental indicators; Landscape change; Landscape fragmentation; Landscape indices;
Monitoring; Railroads; Roads; Sustainable development; Time series; Traffic; Urban sprawl.
Ano: 2007
Tweak, Adapt, or Transform: Policy Scenarios in Response to Emerging Bioenergy Markets in the
U.S. Corn Belt
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Atwell, Ryan C; Iowa State University, Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management;
[email protected]; Schulte, Lisa A; Iowa State University, Department of Natural Resource Ecology and
Management; [email protected]; Westphal, Lynne M; U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Complexity; Ecosystem services; Iowa; Participatory; Perennials; Resilience; Scale;
Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2011
Commentary on Gordon Baskerville's Perspective
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Walker, Brian; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1997
Bridging the Gap Between Economics and Ecology
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Leefers, Larry; Michigan State University; [email protected]; Castillo, Gem; Michigan State University;
[email protected].
Economics and ecology are often presented as opposing disciplines. Both fields have strengths and weaknesses. A new
transdisciplinary field, ecological economics, attempts to bring together the strengths of both disciplines with a vision for a
sustainable future. In this paper, we focus on one particular concept championed by ecological economists, natural capital. In
particular, our interest is on the institutionalization of this concept through the United Nation's Satellite System for Integrated
Environmental and Economic Accounting (SEEA). SEEA is an international convention that incorporates natural resource
accounting as a complement to the traditional System of National Accounts (SNA). In the case of boreal forests, the stocks and
flows of forest...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Boreal forest; Circumpolar resources; Degradation; Depletion; Ecological economics; Michigan; Natural capital;
Natural resources accounting; SEEA; Sustainability; United Nations Environment Programme; World Bank.
Ano: 1998
Towards a Science of Ecological Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Levin, Simon A; Princeton University; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive; Complex adaptive system; Heterogeneity; Non-equilibrium; Simulation.
Ano: 1999
Tools for Resilience Management: Multidisciplinary Development of State-and-Transition Models
for Northwest Colorado
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kachergis, Emily J.; Bureau of Land Management, Denver, Colorado; [email protected]; Knapp, Corrine N.;
Alaska Center for Climate and Policy; [email protected]; Fernandez-Gimenez, Maria E.; Department of Forest and
Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University; [email protected]; Ritten, John P.; Department of
Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Wyoming; [email protected]; Pritchett, James G.; Department of
Agricultural and Resource Economics, Colorado State University; [email protected]; Parsons, Jay; Western Center
for Integrated Resource Management, Colorado State University; [email protected]; Hibbs, Willow; Wyoming Game
and Fish Department and USDA-NRCS; [email protected]; Roath, Roy; Department of Forest and Rangeland
Stewardship, Colorado State University; [email protected].
Building models is an important way of integrating knowledge. Testing and updating models of social-ecological systems can
inform management decisions and, ultimately, improve resilience. We report on the outcomes of a six-year, multidisciplinary
model development process in the sagebrush steppe, USA. We focused on creating state-and-transition models (STMs),
conceptual models of ecosystem change that represent nonlinear dynamics and are being adopted worldwide as tools for managing
ecosystems. STM development occurred in four steps with four distinct sets of models: (1) local knowledge elicitation using
semistructured interviews; (2) ecological data collection using an observational study; (3) model integration using participatory
workshops; and (4)...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Ecology; Ecosystem dynamics; Knowledge integration; Participatory research;
Rangeland; Sagebrush steppe.
Ano: 2013
Improving Participatory Processes through Collective Simulation: Use of a Community of Practice
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dionnet, Mathieu; Lisode; [email protected]; Daniell, Katherine A; Centre for Policy Innovation, The
Australian National University; [email protected]; Imache, Amar; Lisode; [email protected]; von Korff,
Yorck; Lisode; [email protected]; Bouarfa, Sami; UMR G-EAU, Cemagref; [email protected]; Garin,
Patrice; UMR G-EAU, Cemagref; [email protected]; Jamin, Jean-Yves; UMR G-EAU, CIRAD; [email protected]; Rollin,
Dominique; UMR G-EAU, Cemagref; [email protected]; Rougier, Jean-Emmanuel; Lisode;
[email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Community of practice; Natural resource management; Public participation; Role play; Simulation.
Ano: 2013
Assessing Future Ecosystem Services: a Case Study of the Northern Highlands Lake District,
Wisconsin
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Peterson, Garry D; McGill University; [email protected]; Beard Jr., T. Douglas; Wisconsin Department of
Natural Resources; [email protected]; Beisner, Beatrix E; University of Wisconsin-Madison;
[email protected]; Bennett, Elena M; University of Wisconsin-Madison; [email protected]; Carpenter, Stephen R;
University of Wisconsin-Madison; [email protected]; Cumming, Graeme; University of Florida; [email protected]; Dent,
C. Lisa; University of Wisconsin-Madison; [email protected],; Havlicek, Tanya D; University of Wisconsin-Madison;
[email protected].
The Northern Highlands Lake District of Wisconsin is in transition from a sparsely settled region to a more densely populated
one. Expected changes offer benefits to northern Wisconsin residents but also threaten to degrade the ecological services they rely
on. Because the future of this region is uncertain, it is difficult to make decisions that will avoid potential risks and take advantage
of potential opportunities. We adopt a scenario planning approach to cope with this problem of prediction. We use an ecological
assessment framework developed by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment to determine key social and ecological driving forces
in the Northern Highlands Lake District. From these, we describe three alternative scenarios to the year 2025 in which...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Northern Highlands Lake District; Wisconsin; Assessment; Ecosystem services; Freshwater; Futures; Prediction;
Scenario planning.
Ano: 2003
Operationalizing ecosystem-based adaptation: harnessing ecosystem services to buffer communities
against climate change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wamsler, Christine; Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies (LUCSUS); Centre for Societal Resilience;
[email protected]; Niven, Lisa; Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies (LUCSUS);
[email protected]; Beery, Thomas H.; Kristianstad University; [email protected]; Bramryd, Torleif; Environmental
Strategy, Lund University Campus Helsingborg; [email protected]; Osmani, Adelina; Lund University Centre for
Sustainability Studies (LUCSUS); [email protected]; Palo, Thomas; Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental
Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU); [email protected].
Ecosystem-based approaches for climate change adaptation are promoted at international, national, and local levels by both
scholars and practitioners. However, local planning practices that support these approaches are scattered, and measures are neither
systematically implemented nor comprehensively reviewed. Against this background, this paper advances the operationalization
of ecosystem-based adaptation by improving our knowledge of how ecosystem-based approaches can be considered in local
planning (operational governance level). We review current research on ecosystem services in urban areas and examine four
Swedish coastal municipalities to identify the key characteristics of both implemented and planned measures that support
ecosystem-based...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Climate change adaptation; Ecosystem management; Ecosystem services; Green infrastructure; Municipal
planning; Nature-based solutions; Renaturing cities; Risk reduction; Spatial planning; Sustainability transitions; Urban planning;
Urban resilience; Urban transformation.
Ano: 2016
Grizzly bear monitoring by the Heiltsuk people as a crucible for First Nation conservation practice
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Housty, William G.; Coastwatch Director, QQS Projects Society; [email protected]; Noson, Anna; Division
of Biological Sciences, University of Montana;; Scoville, Gerald W.; Department of Biological Sciences, Central Washington
University;; Boulanger, John; Integrated Ecological Research;; Jeo, Richard M.; The Nature Conservancy; [email protected];
Darimont, Chris T.; Department of Geography, University of Victoria; Raincoast Conservation Foundation;; Filardi, Christopher
E.; Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History ; [email protected].
Guided by deeply held cultural values, First Nations in Canada are rapidly regaining legal authority to manage natural resources.
We present a research collaboration among academics, tribal government, provincial and federal government, resource managers,
conservation practitioners, and community leaders supporting First Nation resource authority and stewardship. First, we present
results from a molecular genetics study of grizzly bears inhabiting an important conservation area within the territory of the
Heiltsuk First Nation in coastal British Columbia. Noninvasive hair sampling occurred between 2006 and 2009 in the Koeye
watershed, a stronghold for grizzly bears, salmon, and Heiltsuk people. Molecular demographic analyses revealed a regionally...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bear population monitoring; British Columbia; Conservation; First Nations science; Grizzly bear; Noninvasive
mark-recapture; Salmon; Social and ecological resilience; Traditional stewardship; Values.
Ano: 2014
Factors in Overcoming Barriers to Implementing Co-management in British Columbia Salmon
Fisheries
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pinkerton, Evelyn; Simon Fraser University; [email protected].
Ten years of research and efforts to implement co-management in British Columbia fisheries have demonstrated that we lack
neither good models nor the political will in communities to design and test local and regional institutions for successful
involvement in various aspects of management. The barriers lie rather in the distrust and resistance of management agencies and
the lack of broadly organized political support. The nature of the barriers and some of the elements of a successful approach to
overcoming them are identified and discussed. The analysis is focused around the barriers encountered by two differently situated
fishing communities or regions that have launched conservation initiatives through cooperation between local aboriginal and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Aboriginal-nonaboriginal partnerships; Adaptive management; Bottom-up approach; British Columbia;
Co-management; Community-based management; Fisheries; Institutional barriers; Onorhynchus spp.; Salmon; Selective fishing;
Stewardship.
Ano: 1999
Barraclough, S. L., and K. B. Ghimire. 2000. Agricultural Expansion and Tropical Deforestation:
Poverty, International Trade and Land Use. Earthscan, Sterling, Virginia, USA
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mannon, Susan E; University of Wisconsin; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001
A social-ecological impact assessment for public lands management: application of a conceptual and
methodological framework
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bentley Brymer, Amanda L; Environmental Science Program, University of Idaho; [email protected];
Holbrook, Joseph D.; Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho; [email protected]; Niemeyer, Ryan
J.; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington; [email protected]; Suazo, Alexis A.;
Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho; [email protected]; Wulfhorst, J. D.;
Environmental Science Program, University of Idaho; Water Resources Program, University of Idaho; Department of Agricultural
Economics & Rural Sociology, University of Idaho; [email protected]; Vierling, Kerri T.; Department of Fish and Wildlife
Sciences, University of Idaho; [email protected]; Newingham, Beth A.; Great Basin Rangelands Research Unit,
USDA-Agricultural Research Service; [email protected]; Link, Timothy E.; Department of Forest, Rangeland, and
Fire Sciences, University of Idaho; Water Resources Program, University of Idaho; [email protected]; Rachlow, Janet L.;
Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho; [email protected].
According to the U.S. National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA), federal action to manipulate habitat for species
conservation requires an environmental impact statement, which should integrate natural, physical, economic, and social sciences
in planning and decision making. Nonetheless, most impact assessments focus disproportionately on physical or ecological
impacts rather than integrating ecological and socioeconomic components. We developed a participatory social-ecological impact
assessment (SEIA) that addresses the requirements of NEPA and integrates social and ecological concepts for impact assessments.
We cooperated with the Bureau of Land Management in Idaho, USA on a project designed to restore habitat for the Greater
Sage-Grouse...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Deliberative workshops; Impact assessment; National Environmental Policy Act; NEPA; PPGIS; Public lands;
Public participatory GIS; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2016
G. Gigerenzer, P. M. Todd, and the ABC Research Group. 2000. Simple Heuristics That Make Us
Smart. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Anderies, John M; Arizona State University; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001
Effects of Roads and Traffic on Wildlife Populations and Landscape Function: Road Ecology is
Moving toward Larger Scales
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van der Ree, Rodney; University of Melbourne; [email protected]; van der Grift, Edgar A.; Alterra, Wageningen
UR, Netherlands; [email protected]; Clevenger, Anthony P.; Western Transportation Institute, Montana State University,
USA; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Animal movement; Animal-vehicle collisions; Barrier effect; Ecological threshold; Gene flow; Habitat
fragmentation; Mitigation; Population viability analysis; Road ecology; Road-effect zone; Traffic mortality; Traffic noise; Traffic
volume; Transportation planning.
Ano: 2011
Climate Factors Play a Limited Role for Past Adaptation Strategies in West Africa
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mertz, Ole; Department of Geography and Geology, University of Copenhagen; [email protected]; Reenberg, Anette;
Department of Geography and Geology, University of Copenhagen ; [email protected]; Barbier, Bruno; International Cooperation
Center for Agronomic Research and Development (CIRAD); [email protected]; Dabi, Daniel; Department of Geography and
Planning, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Jos; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate variability; Livestock; Rainfed crops; West Africa.
Ano: 2010
Effects of farmer social status and plant biocultural value on seed circulation networks in Vanuatu
Provedor de dados: 7
Seed circulation among farmers, which is embedded in composite social networks, is a key process in the dynamics of seed
systems that shape crop diversity. We analyzed the daily circulation of biological objects, i.e., cultivated plants (31 species, 284
landraces), within a community of first-generation migrants (16 households, 30 persons) living on the island of Vanua Lava in the
South Pacific archipelago nation of Vanuatu. By combining participant observation, ethnobiological inventories, and social
network analysis, we investigated how farmer social status and plant biocultural value affect plant circulation. Plant biocultural
value was estimated by referring to their local classification according to uses, cultivation practices, growing environments,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Emic categories; Exponential Random Graph Models; Folk classification; Food system; Informal seed system;
Oceania; Seed exchange network; Social network analysis.
Ano: 2016
The Role of Indigenous Ecological Knowledge in Managing Rangelands Sustainably in Northern Iran
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ghorbani, Mehdi; Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran; [email protected]; Azarnivand,
Hossein; Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran; [email protected]; Mehrabi, Ali Akbar; Department of Watershed
Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; [email protected]; Jafari, Mohammad;
Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran; [email protected]; Nayebi, Hooshang; Faculty of Social Sciences,
University of Tehran, Iran; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Ecological memory; Grazing management; Indigenous ecological knowledge (IEK);
Pastoralists; Rangeland management; Rangeland utilization; Taleghan region Iran.
Ano: 2013
Growth, Collapse, and Reorganization of the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal: an Analysis of
Institutional Resilience
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Baral, Nabin; Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech; [email protected]; Stern,
Marc J; Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech; [email protected]; Heinen, Joel T;
Department of Earth and Environment, Florida International University ; [email protected].
Community-based conservation institutions can be conceptualized as complex adaptive systems that pass through a cycle of
growth, maturation, collapse, and reorganization. We test the applicability of this four-phase adaptive cycle in the institutional
context of the Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA), Nepal. We use the adaptive cycle to assess changes in structures and
processes and to explore the past, present, and possible future trends in ACA. We focus on the crisis brought about by the Maoist
insurgency and changes that took place in ACA during and after this period. Our analysis suggests that the conservation institution
has passed through one and a half forms of the adaptive cycle in five major historical periods in the Annapurna region since 1960.
It...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Annapurna; Adaptive cycle; Community-based conservation; Protected areas management; Resilience;
Social-ecological system; Sustainability science.
Ano: 2010
Resource Theft in Tropical Forest Communities: Implications for Non-timber Management,
Livelihoods, and Conservation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Duchelle, Amy E.; University of Florida; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); [email protected];
Cronkleton, Peter; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); [email protected]; Kainer, Karen A.; University of
Florida; [email protected]; Gezan, Salvador; University of Florida; [email protected].
Increased devolution of forest ownership and management rights to local control has the potential to promote both conservation
and livelihood development in remote tropical regions. Such shifts in property rights, however, can generate conflicts, particularly
when combined with rapidly increasing values of forest resources. We explored the phenomenon of Brazil nut (Bertholletia
excelsa) theft in communities in Western Amazonia. Through interviews with 189 Brazil nut collectors in 12 communities in
Bolivia and Brazil and participation in the 2006 and 2007 harvests, we quantified relative income derived from Brazil nuts,
reported nut thefts, and nut collection and management practices. We found a much greater incidence of reported Brazil nut thefts
in Pando,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Amazon; Bertholletia excelsa; Brazil nut; Community forest management; Land tenure; Non-timber forest
products; NTFPs.
Ano: 2011
Rethinking legal objectives for climate-adaptive conservation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McDonald, Jan; Faculty of Law, University of Tasmania; Centre for Marine Socioecology; [email protected];
McCormack, Phillipa C; Faculty of Law, University of Tasmania; [email protected]; Fleming, Aysha J; CSIRO
Land and Water; Centre for Marine Socioecology; [email protected]; Harris, Rebecca M.B.; Antarctic Climate and
Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania; [email protected]; Lockwood, Michael; Geography
and Spatial Sciences, School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania; [email protected].
This paper examines conservation objectives in Australian law in the context of climate change. The rate of climate change and
the scale and extent of its impacts on natural systems drive the need to re-evaluate current conservation objectives, from basic
concept definitions, to overarching goals and values, to the way they are operationalized at all levels. We outline the case for
reform of objectives in the legal framework for conservation and discuss three key strategies that would facilitate this transition:
(1) acknowledgment in conservation law of system dynamism; (2) focus on ecosystem function, stability, and resilience; and (3)
an explicit recognition that systems operate across multiple scales. Law reform is a slow process, but the potential of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Climate change adaptation; Conservation law; Conservation objectives; Law reform.
Ano: 2016
Enhancing ecosystem services for flood mitigation: a conservation strategy for peri-urban landscapes?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van der Horst, Dan; University of Edinburgh, School of Geosciences, Institute of Geography and the Lived
Environment; [email protected].
A key reason why some ecosystem services are undervalued is because they are not easily perceived both by beneficiaries and
potential providers. Hydrological modeling allows us to assess, quantify, and visualize the causal link between a particular human
intervention and the positive or negative impacts this has on flooding. This study uses such a model to test hypothetical changes in
land use in the Brazilian coastal city of Paraty. We discuss how the adoption of higher density patterns of urban development can
respond to the needs of a growing population, while safeguarding cultural landscapes of high environmental value against
unsustainable urban sprawl and encroachment. Results of the modeling exercise show how water-flow regulation services can be...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Flood risk management; Land use adaptation; Peri-urban landscapes; Water flow
regulation.
Ano: 2014
Participation in protected areas: a social network case study in Catalonia, Spain
Provedor de dados: 7
Local participation of stakeholders in governance of protected areas is considered to be important to natural resource management
and biodiversity conservation. Social network analysis (SNA) is a useful tool for analysis because it allows the understanding of
stakeholders’ relationships, interactions, and influences through communication networks. We combine quantitative
and qualitative data to undertake a SNA for the natural park of Sant Llorenç del Munt in Catalonia, Spain. This is
aimed at (1) assessing the structure of the communication network; (2) comparing the informal communication network with the
formal participatory bodies of the natural park; and (3) selecting participants for subsequent analyses of the adequate governance...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Communication network; Natural resource governance; Resource management; Social network analysis;
Stakeholder analysis.
Ano: 2015
UN–Water and its Role in Global Water Governance
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Baumgartner, Thomas; University of Freiburg; [email protected]; Pahl-Wostl, Claudia; Institute of Environmental
Systems Research, University of Osnabrueck; [email protected].
UN–Water was established in 2003 to coordinate United Nations activities on water. There have been no scientific
assessments about this coordination mechanism and, hence, we focus on the role of UN–Water in global water
governance. We use an analytical framework to conceptualize relevant natural and social phenomena, actors, and institutions in
the field of global water governance. This framework ultimately allows an assessment of UN–Water’s
role in this field. Our work draws upon official UN–Water documents, a formal external review of
UN–Water, and semistructured expert interviews to assess UN–Water’s influence on global
water discourses, particularly on the discourses of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Global water governance (GWG); Integrated water resources management (IWRM); UN– Water;
Water and climate change.
Ano: 2013
Misuse of Checklist Assessments in Endangered Species Recovery Efforts
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Good, Thomas P; National Marine Fisheries Service; [email protected]; Harms, Tamara K; Arizona State University;
[email protected]; Ruckelshaus, Mary H; National Marine Fisheries Service; [email protected].
Natural resource agencies worldwide must develop species recovery plans that specify threats, propose targets required for
recovery, and evaluate the extent to which habitat alteration and restoration may influence species decline and recovery. To
evaluate the impacts of proposed habitat alterations on species of conservation concern, standardized protocols may be adopted
even when supporting data are scarce. For example, a habitat matrix was developed by the National Marine Fisheries Service
(NMFS) to guide consultations under the Endangered Species Act for actions that may affect the functioning of the freshwater
habitat used by several federally listed salmonid species. The habitat matrix has also been advocated as a tool for recovery
planning by...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Checklists; Conservation; Endangered species; Habitat assessment; Proxy indicator; Salmonids; Matrix.
Ano: 2003
Building institutional capacity for environmental governance through social entrepreneurship: lessons
from Canadian biosphere reserves
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: George, Colleen; School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan; [email protected];
Reed, Maureen G.; School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan; [email protected].
Sustainability-oriented organizations have typically adopted governance approaches that undertake community participation and
collaboration through multistakeholder arrangements. Documented challenges of this model are associated with collaboration and
institutional capacity, and include reactive accountability structures, inability to reach consensus, funding limitations, and lack of
innovation. Social entrepreneurship is a model used successfully in other social sectors; yet, it has rarely been explored by
sustainability-oriented organizations. Nevertheless, research in other sectors has found that social entrepreneurship models of
governance can encourage diverse participation from a wide range of social groups. In this paper we consider the value of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biosphere reserves; Collaboration; Environmental governance; Institutional capacity; Social entrepreneurship.
Ano: 2016
Spatio-temporal variation in stream water chemistry in a tropical urban watershed
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ramírez, Alonso; University of Puerto Rico, Department of Environmental Sciences;
[email protected]; Rosas, Keysa G.; University of Puerto Rico, Department of Environmental Sciences;
[email protected]; Lugo, Ariel E.; USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry; [email protected];
Ramos-González, Olga M.; USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ion concentrations; Nutrient concentrations; Puerto Rico; Tropical streams; Urban streams; Water
physicochemistry.
Ano: 2014
Epistemology, Culture, and Keystone Species
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Davic, Robert D; Ohio Environmental Protection Agency; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2004
Building Bridges across the Gap
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hoffman, Philip; Pinellas County Department of Environmental Management; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002
A Framing Approach to Cross-disciplinary Research Collaboration: Experiences from a Large-scale
Research Project on Adaptive Water Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dewulf, Art; Center for Organizational and Personnel Psychology (K.U.Leuven); [email protected]; Taillieu,
Tharsi; Center for Organizational and Personnel Psychology (K.U.Leuven); [email protected].
Although cross-disciplinary research collaboration is necessary to achieve a better understanding of how human and natural
systems are dynamically linked, it often turns out to be very difficult in practice. We outline a framing approach to
cross-disciplinary research that focuses on the different perspectives that researchers from different backgrounds use to make
sense of the issues they want to research jointly. Based on interviews, participants’ evaluations, and our own
observations during meetings, we analyze three aspects of frame diversity in a large-scale research project. First, we identify
dimensions of difference in the way project members frame the central concept of adaptive water management. Second, we
analyze the challenges...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Cross-disciplinary research; Framing.
Ano: 2007
Institutional Fit and River Basin Governance: a New Approach Using Multiple Composite Measures
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lebel, Louis; Chiang Mai University, Thailand; [email protected]; Nikitina, Elena; Ecopolicy, Moscow, Russian
Federation; [email protected]; Pahl-Wostl, Claudia; Institute of Environmental Systems Research, University of Osnabrueck,
Germany; [email protected]; Knieper, Christian; Institute of Environmental Systems Research, University of
Osnabrueck, Germany; [email protected].
The notion that effective environmental governance depends in part on achieving a reasonable fit between institutional
arrangements and the features of ecosystems and their interconnections with users has been central to much thinking about
social-ecological systems for more than a decade. Based on expert consultations this study proposes a set of six dimensions of fit
for water governance regimes and then empirically explores variation in measures of these in 28 case studies of national parts of
river basins in Europe, Asia, Latin America, and Africa drawing on a database compiled by the Twin2Go project. The six
measures capture different but potentially important dimensions of fit: allocation, integration, conservation, basinization,
participation, and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Comparative analysis; Indicators; Institutional fit; Measuring fit; River basin management; Water governance.
Ano: 2013
Integrating traditional knowledge when it appears to conflict with conservation: lessons from the
discovery and protection of sitatunga in Ghana
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McPherson, Jana M.; Centre for Conservation Research, Calgary Zoological Society; [email protected]; Sammy,
Joy; Centre for Conservation Research, Calgary Zoological Society; Protected Areas and Poverty Reduction Canada-Africa
Learning Alliance, Vancouver Island University; [email protected]; Sheppard, Donna J.; Centre for Conservation Research,
Calgary Zoological Society; Nature Conservation Research Centre; Protected Areas and Poverty Reduction Canada-Africa
Learning Alliance, Vancouver Island University; Rural Studies, School of Environmental Design and Rural Development,
University of Guelph; [email protected]; Mason, John J.; Nature Conservation Research Centre; [email protected];
Brichieri-Colombi, Typhenn A.; Centre for Conservation Research, Calgary Zoological Society; [email protected];
Moehrenschlager, Axel; Centre for Conservation Research, Calgary Zoological Society; [email protected].
Cultural traditions can conflict with modern conservation goals when they promote damage to fragile environments or the harvest
of imperiled species. We explore whether and how traditional, culturally motivated species exploitation can nonetheless aid
conservation by examining the recent “discovery” in Avu Lagoon, Ghana, of sitatunga (Tragelaphus
spekii gratus), a species familiar to locals, but not previously scientifically recorded in Ghana and regionally assumed extinct.
Specifically, we investigate what role traditional beliefs, allied hunting practices, and the associated traditional ecological
knowledge have played in the species’ discovery and subsequent community-based conservation; how they might
influence future...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Anlo-Keta Lagoon Complex; Community-based conservation; Local knowledge; Shrines; Traditional beliefs;
Traditional ecological knowledge; Traditional species harvest; Tragelaphus spekii gratus.
Ano: 2016
Panthers and Forests in South Florida: an Ecological Perspective
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Comiskey, E. Jane; University of Tennessee; [email protected]; Bass, Jr., Oron L; Everglades National Park;
[email protected]; Gross, Louis J; University of Tennessee; [email protected]; McBride, Roy T; Livestock Protection
Company;; Salinas, Rene; University of Tennessee; [email protected].
The endangered Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi) survives in an area of pronounced habitat diversity in southern Florida,
occupying extensive home ranges that encompass a mosaic of habitats. Twenty-one years of daytime monitoring via
radiotelemetry have provided substantial but incomplete information about panther ecology, mainly because this method fails to
capture movement and habitat use between dusk and dawn, when panthers are most active. Broad characterizations of panther
habitat suitability have nonetheless been derived from telemetry-based habitat selection studies, focusing narrowly on forests
where daytime resting sites are often located. The resulting forest-centered view of panthers attributed their restricted distribution
and absence of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Felis concolor coryi; Florida panther; Puma concolor coryi; Forested habitat; Endangered species; Fractal
analysis; Habitat selection; Home range; Landscape conservation; Telemetry.
Ano: 2002
Effects of methodology and stakeholder disaggregation on ecosystem service valuation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Brooks, Emma G. E.; University of Southampton; Global Species Programme, IUCN (International Union for
Conservation of Nature); [email protected]; Smith, Kevin G.; Global Species Programme, IUCN (International Union
for Conservation of Nature); [email protected]; Holland, Robert A.; University of Southampton; [email protected];
Poppy, Guy M.; University of Southampton; [email protected]; Eigenbrod, Felix; University of Southampton;
[email protected].
Contingent valuation is one of the most commonly used methodologies utilized in ecosystem service valuation, thereby including
a participatory approach to many such assessments. However, inclusion of nonmonetary stakeholder priorities is still uncommon
in ecosystem service valuations and disaggregation of stakeholders is all but absent from practice. We look at four site-scale
wetland ecosystem service valuations from Asia that used nonmonetary participatory stated preference techniques from a range of
stakeholders, and compare these prioritizations to those obtained from the largest monetary assessments available globally, the
Ecosystem Service Value Database (ESVD). Stakeholder assessment suggests very different priorities to those from monetary...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Participatory approach; Poverty alleviation; Stakeholders; Valuation; Wetlands.
Ano: 2014
Acceptance, Rejection, and the Tightening Feedback Loop
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tyson, Wayne; ; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002
Cronk, Q. C. B., and J. L. Fuller. 2001. Plant Invaders: the Threat to Natural Ecosystems. Earthscan
Publications, London, UK.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gordon, Doria; University of Florida; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001
Unpacking “Participation” in the Adaptive Management of
Social–ecological Systems: a Critical Review
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Stringer, Lindsay C; University of Manchester; [email protected]; Dougill, Andrew J; University of
Leeds; [email protected]; Fraser, Evan; University of Leeds; [email protected]; Hubacek, Klaus; University of
Leeds; [email protected]; Prell, Christina; University of Sheffield; [email protected]; Reed, Mark S; University of
Leeds; [email protected].
Adaptive management has the potential to make environmental management more democratic through the involvement of
different stakeholders. In this article, we examine three case studies at different scales that followed adaptive management
processes, critically reflecting upon the role of stakeholder participation in each case. Specifically, we examine at which stages
different types of stakeholders can play key roles and the ways that each might be involved. We show that a range of participatory
mechanisms can be employed at different stages of the adaptive cycle, and can work together to create conditions for social
learning and favorable outcomes for diverse stakeholders. This analysis highlights the need for greater reflection on case study
research in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Democratic governance; Participation; Stakeholder involvement.
Ano: 2006
Extinction Risk in Successional Landscapes Subject to Catastrophic Disturbances
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Boughton, David; Pacific Northwest Research Station, U.S. Forest Service; [email protected]; Malvadkar,
Urmila; Princeton University; [email protected].
We explore the thesis that stochasticity in successional-disturbance systems can be an agent of species extinction. The analysis
uses a simple model of patch dynamics for seral stages in an idealized landscape; each seral stage is assumed to support a
specialist biota. The landscape as a whole is characterized by a mean patch birth rate, mean patch size, and mean lifetime for each
patch type. Stochasticity takes three forms: (1) patch stochasticity is randomness in the birth times and sizes of individual patches,
(2) landscape stochasticity is variation in the annual means of birth rate and size, and (3) turnover mode is whether a patch is
eliminated by disturbance or by successional change. Analytical and numerical analyses of the model suggest that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Catastrophe; Dispersal; Disturbance; Extinction; Landscape; Metapopulation; Patch dynamics;
Patchy population; Succession.
Ano: 2002
Concomitant Patterns in Avian and Mammalian Body Length Changes in Denmark
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schmidt, Niels Martin; Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University; [email protected]; Jensen, Per Moestrup; Royal
Veterinary and Agricultural University; [email protected].
We gathered length data on 61 Danish breeding birds from the past 200 years, and related the pattern of change to present body
mass and other ecological parameters. Body mass was the only parameter significantly correlated with the rate of change, and the
emerging pattern in the rate of change followed the island rule. That is, smaller species have become larger and vice versa, while
the medium-sized species remain essentially unchanged. The suggested optimal body mass was around 85 g. Though orders of
magnitude lower, the pattern in avian body size change was similar to that of Danish mammals. Our analyses suggest that
increasing habitat fragmentation leads to altered body size towards being medium-sized in Danish vertebrates. The changing
landscape,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Body length; Habitat fragmentation; Island biogeography; Island rule; Aves; Reproductive output; Migration;
Feeding category; Competition; Avoidance; Tolerance.
Ano: 2005
Pilot Projects in Water Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Vreugdenhil, Heleen; Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Policy Analysis
Section; [email protected]; Slinger, Jill; Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Technology, Policy and
Management, Policy Analysis Section ; [email protected]; Thissen, Wil; Delft University of Technology, Faculty of
Technology, Policy and Management, Policy Analysis Section; [email protected]; Ker Rault, Philippe; Delft University of
Technology, Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Policy Analysis Section; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Multi-Actor Context; Pilot Project Nonagon; Pilot Project Characteristics; Pilot Projects; Pilot Project Uses;
Policy Development; Water Management; WINN.
Ano: 2010
Interplay of multiple goods, ecosystem services, and property rights in large social-ecological marine
protected areas
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ban, Natalie C; School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria; Australian Research Council Centre of
Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; [email protected]; Evans, Louisa S; Geography, University of Exeter;
Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; [email protected];
Nenadovic, Mateja; Duke University Marine Laboratory, Duke University; [email protected]; Schoon, Michael;
Center for Behavior, Institutions, and the Environment, Arizona State University; [email protected].
Protected areas are a cornerstone of biodiversity conservation, and increasingly, conservation science is integrating ecological and
social considerations in park management. Indeed, both social and ecological factors need to be considered to understand
processes that lead to changes in environmental conditions. Here, we use a social-ecological systems lens to examine changes in
governance through time in an extensive regional protected area network, the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. We studied the
peer-reviewed and nonpeer-reviewed literature to develop an understanding of governance of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
and its management changes through time. In particular, we examined how interacting and changing property rights, as designated
by the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Great Barrier Reef; Marine conservation; Marine protected area; Property rights;
Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2015
Bridging the Gap between Ecology and Resource Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pulliam, Ron; ; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1997
Management Effectiveness and Land Cover Change in Dynamic Cultural
Landscapes—Assessing a Central European Biosphere Reserve
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ohnesorge, Bettina; Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities; [email protected].
Protected areas are a central pillar of efforts to safeguard biodiversity and ecosystem services, but their contribution to the
conservation and management of European cultural landscapes that have complex spatial-temporal dynamics is unclear. The
conservation strategy of biosphere reserves aims at integrating biodiversity and ecosystem service conservation with economic
development by designating zones of differing protection and use intensities. It is applied worldwide to protect and manage
valuable cultural landscapes. Using the example of a German biosphere reserve, we developed a framework to assess the
effectiveness of Central European reserves in meeting their land cover related management goals. Based on digital biotope maps,
we defined and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biosphere reserve; Cultural landscape; Land cover change; Management effectiveness; Protected area.
Ano: 2013
Theorizing benefits and constraints in collaborative environmental governance: a transdisciplinary
social-ecological network approach for empirical investigations
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Robins, Garry; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne; [email protected];
McAllister, Ryan R. J.; CSIRO; [email protected]; Guerrero, Angela M.; Australian Research Council Centre of
Excellence for Environmental Decisions, University of Queensland; School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland;
[email protected]; Crona, Beatrice; Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences;
Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; [email protected]; Lubell, Mark; Department of Environmental Science
and Policy, University of California at Davis; [email protected].
When environmental processes cut across socioeconomic boundaries, traditional top-down government approaches struggle to
effectively manage and conserve ecosystems. In such cases, governance arrangements that foster multiactor collaboration are
needed. The effectiveness of such arrangements, however, depends on how well any ecological interdependencies across governed
ecosystems are aligned with patterns of collaboration. This inherent interdisciplinary and complex problem has impeded progress
in developing a better understanding of how to govern ecosystems for conservation in an increasingly interconnected world. We
argue for the development of empirically informed theories, which are not only able to transcend disciplinary boundaries, but are
also...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collaborative governance; Connectivity; Exponential random graph models (ERGM); Interdisciplinary;
Networks; Social-ecological fit; Social-ecological networks; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2016
Urban Forest and Rural Cities: Multi-sited Households, Consumption Patterns, and Forest Resources
in Amazonia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Padoch, Christine; The New York Botanical Garden; [email protected]; Brondizio, Eduardo; Dept. of Anthropology,
Anthropological Center for Training and Research on Global Environmental Change, Center for the Study of Institutions,
Population, and Environmental Change, Indiana University; [email protected]; Pinedo-Vasquez, Miguel; Center for
Environmental Research and Conservation and Dept. of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University;
[email protected]; Sears, Robin R.; Center for Environmental Research and Conservation, Columbia University; The School
for Field Studies; [email protected]; Siqueira, Andrea; Center for Latin American & Caribbean Studies and ACT Dept. of Anthropology, Indiana University; [email protected].
In much of the Amazon Basin, approximately 70% of the population lives in urban areas and urbanward migration continues.
Based on data collected over more than a decade in two long-settled regions of Amazonia, we find that rural–urban
migration in the region is an extended and complex process. Like recent rural–urban migrants worldwide, Amazonian
migrants, although they may be counted as urban residents, are often not absent from rural areas but remain members of
multi-sited households and continue to participate in rural–urban networks and in rural land-use decisions. Our
research indicates that, despite their general poverty, these migrants have affected urban markets for both food and construction
materials. We present two...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Afforestation; Amazonia; Deforestation; Rural– Urban migration; Urban– Rural
interactions.
Ano: 2008
Aboriginal Peoples and Forest Certification: a Review of the Canadian Situation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tikina, Anna V.; Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia; [email protected]; Innes, John L.;
Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia; [email protected]; Trosper, Ronald L.; Faculty of Forestry, University of
British Columbia; [email protected]; Larson, Bruce C.; Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia;
[email protected].
We assess how different certification standards address Aboriginal issues in Canada, augmenting current legislation related to
Aboriginal issues. The benefits from forest certification and the obstacles to its adoption by the Aboriginal community are also
reviewed. We conclude that it would take significant effort, time, and resources to achieve widespread Aboriginal adoption of
forest certification.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: First Nations; Aboriginal forestry; Aboriginal peoples; Canada; Forest certification.
Ano: 2010
Land-based Investments for Rural Development? A Grounded Analysis of the Local Impacts of
Biofuel Feedstock Plantations in Ghana
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schoneveld , George C.; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); Utrecht University;
[email protected]; German, Laura A.; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); [email protected];
Nutakor, Eric; Forestry Research Institute of Ghana (FORIG);.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Dispossession; Ghana; Land grabbing; Land tenure; Rural development.
Ano: 2011
Past and future challenges in managing European seas
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Blenckner, Thorsten; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University;
[email protected]; Kannen, Andreas; Institute for Coastal Research, Human Dimensions in Coastal
Areas; [email protected]; Barausse, Alberto; University of Padova;; Fischer, Christian; Institute for Coastal Research,
Human Dimensions in Coastal Areas; [email protected]; Heymans, Johanna J.; Scottish Association for Marine Science,
Scottish Marine Institute;; Luisetti, Tiziana; Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment (CSERGE),
School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia;; Todorova, Valentin; Institute of Oceanology, Bulgarian Academy
of Sciences;; Valman, Matilda; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University;; Mee, Laurence; Scottish Association for
Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute; [email protected].
Marine environments have undergone large-scale changes in recent decades as a result of multiple anthropogenic pressures, such
as overfishing, eutrophication, habitat fragmentation, etc., causing often nonlinear ecosystem responses. At the same time,
management institutions lack the appropriate measures to address these abrupt transformations. We focus on existing examples
from social–ecological systems of European seas that can be used to inform and advise future management. Examples
from the Black Sea and the Baltic Sea on long-term ecosystem changes caused by eutrophication and fisheries, as well as changes
in management institutions, illustrate nonlinear dynamics in social–ecological systems. Furthermore, we present two
major future...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem-based management; Regime shifts; Scenarios.
Ano: 2015
Environmental Factors Influencing the Spread of the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Virus
in wild birds in Europe
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Si, Yali; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente; Resource Ecology
Group, Wageningen University; School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University; [email protected]; Wang, Tiejun;
Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente; [email protected]; Skidmore, Andrew K.;
Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente; [email protected]; de Boer, Willem F. ;
Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University; [email protected]; Li, Lin; School of Resources and Environmental
Science, Wuhan University; [email protected]; Prins, Herbert H.T.; Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University;
[email protected].
A large number of occurrences of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus in wild birds were reported in
Europe. The relationship between the occurrence pattern and environmental factors has, however, not yet been explored. This
research uses logistic regression to quantify the relationships between anthropogenic or physical environmental factors and HPAI
H5N1 occurrences. Our results indicate that HPAI H5N1 occurrences are highly correlated with the following: the increased
normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in December; intermediate NDVI in March; lower elevations; increased minimum
temperatures in January; and reduced precipitation in January. A predictive risk map of HPAI H5N1 occurrences in wild birds in
Europe was generated...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Avian influenza; Anthropogenic environmental factor; Europe; HPAI H5N1; Physical environmental factor;
Risk mapping; Wild birds.
Ano: 2010
Steps toward a shared governance response for achieving Good Environmental Status in the
Mediterranean Sea
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cinnirella, Sergio; CNR-Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research; [email protected]; Brennan, Ruth; The
Scottish Association for Marine Science; [email protected]; Barausse, Alberto; University of Padova;
[email protected]; Icely, John; University of Algarve; [email protected]; Luisetti, Tiziana; Centre for Environment,
Fisheries and Aquaculture Science; [email protected]; Newton, Alice; University of Algarve; [email protected];
O'Higgins, Tim; The Scottish Association for Marine Science; Tim.O\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'[email protected]; Palmeri, Luca; University
of Padova; [email protected]; Palmieri, Maria Giovanna; University of East Anglia; [email protected]; Raux, Pascal;
University of Western Brittany; [email protected]; Rees, Sian; University of Plymouth; [email protected];
Pirrone, Nicola; CNR-Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research; [email protected]; Turner, Kerry; University of East Anglia;
[email protected].
The Mediterranean region is of fundamental importance to Europe given its strategic position. The responsibility for its overall
ecosystem integrity is shared by European Union Member States (EU-MS) and other Mediterranean countries. A juxtaposition of
overlapping governance instruments occurred recently in the region, with the implementation of both the Marine Strategy
Framework Directive (MSFD) for EU-MS and the Ecosystem Approach Strategy (ECAP) for all Mediterranean countries,
including EU-MS. Both MSFD and ECAP are structured around vision-driven processes to achieve Good Environmental Status
and a Healthy Environment, respectively. These processes have clear ecosystem-based, integrated policy objectives to guarantee
the preservation and integrity of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem approach; Environmental status; Governance; Legislation implementation; Marine environment;
Mediterranean; Shared vision.
Ano: 2014
Ups and Downs in Pollinator Populations: When is there a Decline?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Roubik, David Ward; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; [email protected].
Plant-pollinator systems inherently possess wide variation that limits the applicability of surveys on population dynamics or
diversity. Stable habitats are scarcely studied, whereas dynamics in unprotected habitats are less predictable or more compromised
by exotic organisms (Apis, in the case of bee surveys). An extensively replicated, long-term study of orchid-bees (Euglossini) was
made in protected tropical moist forest in Panama. Over 47,000 bees were recorded in 124 monthly censuses employing 1952
counts. No aggregate trend in abundance occurred (from 1979 to 2000), although four individual species declined, nine increased,
23 showed no change, and species richness was stable. No rare or parasitic species showed decreasing trends, while the most...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: ENSO; Euglossini; Abundance variability; Bees; Census techniques; Diversity; Pollinators; Trends; Tropicaltemperate comparisons.
Ano: 2001
Response of Wolves to Corridor Restoration and Human Use Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Shepherd, Brenda; Jasper National Park; [email protected]; Whittington, Jesse; Banff National Park;
[email protected].
Corridor restoration is increasingly being used to connect habitat in mountainous areas where rugged topography and increasing
human activity fragment habitat. Wolves (Canis lupus) are a conservation priority because they avoid areas with high levels of
human use and are ecologically important predators. We examined how corridor restoration through a golf course changes the
distribution of wolves and their prey in Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada. We followed and recorded wolf paths in the snow
both within the corridor and in the surrounding landscape before and after a corridor was re-established. Track transects were used
to estimate prey abundance and snow depths, and trail counters measured human activity. We compared resources on wolf paths
to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Canis lupus; Conditional logistic regression; Corridor; Elk; Golf course; Jasper; Restoration; Trail; Wolves.
Ano: 2006
Oak Persistence in Mediterranean Landscapes: The Combined Role of Management, Topography,
and Wildfires
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Holmgren, Milena; Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University; [email protected]; Mohren, Godefridus
M.J.; Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University; [email protected].
Mediterranean ecosystems have been shaped by a history of human and ecological disturbances. Understanding the dynamics of
these social-ecological systems requires an understanding of how human and ecological factors interact. In this study, we assess
the combined role of management practices and biophysical variables, i.e., wildfire and topography, to explain patterns of tree
persistence in a cork oak (Quercus suber L.) landscape of southern Portugal. We used face-to-face interviews with landowners to
identify the management practices and the incentives that motivated them. We used aerial photographs and a Geographic
Information System (GIS) to classify vegetation patch-type transitions over a period of 45 years (1958-2002) and logistic
regression to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agroforestry system; Alternative ecosystem state; Cistus ladanifer; Land degradation; Mediterranean; Portugal;
Shrub encroachment; Succession; Quercus suber; Vegetation transition.
Ano: 2010
Social and Ecological Factors Influencing Attitudes Toward the Application of High-Intensity
Prescribed Burns to Restore Fire Adapted Grassland Ecosystems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Toledo, David; Texas A&M University; [email protected]; Sorice, Michael G.; Virginia Tech;
[email protected]; Kreuter, Urs P.; Texas A&M University; [email protected].
Fire suppression in grassland systems that are adapted to episodic fire has contributed to the recruitment of woody species in
grasslands worldwide. Even though the ecology of restoring these fire prone systems back to grassland states is becoming clearer,
a major hurdle to the reintroduction of historic fires at a landscape scale is its social acceptability. Despite the growing body of
literature on the social aspects of fire, an understanding of the human dimensions of applying high-intensity prescribed burns in
grassland and savanna systems is lacking. We used structural equation modeling to examine how landowners’
attitudes toward high-intensity prescribed burns are affected by previous experience with burning, perceptions of brush...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: High-intensity prescribed burn; Prescribed fire; Social-ecological systems; Structural model; Subjective norms.
Ano: 2013
The Multiple Use of Tropical Forests by Indigenous Peoples in Mexico: a Case of Adaptive
Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Moguel, Patricia; ;.
The quest for an appropriate system of management for tropical ecosystems necessitates that ecologists consider the accumulated
experiences of indigenous peoples in their long-term management of local resources, a subject of current ethnoecology. This
paper provides data and empirical evidence of an indigenous multiple-use strategy (MUS) of tropical forest management existing
in Mexico, that can be considered a case of adaptive management. This conclusion is based on the observation that some
indigenous communities avoid common modernization routes toward specialized, unsustainable, and ecologically disruptive
systems of production, and yet probably achieve the most successful tropical forest utilization design, in terms of biodiversity
conservation,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Ethnoecology; Indigenous peoples; Mexico; Multiple use; Tropical rain forest.
Ano: 2003
Downes, B. J., et al. 2002. Monitoring Ecological Impacts: Concepts and Practice in Flowing Waters.
Cambridge University Press, New York, New York, USA.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Pollard, Amina; University of Wisconsin-Madison; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003
The Role of Systems Modeling for Sustainable Development Policy Analysis: the Case of Bio-Ethanol
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Chan, Albert W; National Research Council of Canada; [email protected]; Hoffman, Robert T; ;; McInnis, Bert; ;.
A dynamic systems modeling technique has been developed to assess technologies according to the criterion of sustainability. In a
case study, the potential contribution of bio-ethanol toward achieving Canada’s commitment to the Kyoto targets for
greenhouse gas reductions is analyzed. The analysis concludes that, although bio-ethanol may help reduce greenhouse gas
emissions, the technology by itself is insufficient to meet the Kyoto target. Applying the systems modeling approach to analyze
sustainability helps highlight those policy issues that warrant more in-depth study. Although the systems model may not provide
definitive answers, it raises relevant questions about physical constraints that might be encountered and estimates the extent to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bio-ethanol; Biofuels; Dynamic systems modeling; Emission targets; Energy crops; Light-duty vehicles; Policy
analysis; Sustainability analysis.
Ano: 2004
An End and a Beginning
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Folke, Carl; Stockholm University; [email protected]; Gunderson, Lance; Emory University;
[email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2004
Understanding the Mechanisms of Collective Decision Making in Ecological Restoration: An
Agent-Based Model of Actors and Organizations
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Watkins, Cristy; The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois, USA; [email protected]; Massey, Dean; University of
Illinois at Chicago; [email protected]; Brooks, Jeremy; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; [email protected]; Ross,
Kristen; University of Illinois at Chicago; [email protected]; Zellner, Moira L.; University of Illinois at Chicago;
[email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agent-based modeling; Chicago Wilderness; Collective decision making; Ecological restoration.
Ano: 2013
Transformation from “Carbon Valley” to a “Post-Carbon
Society” in a Climate Change Hot Spot: the Coalfields of the Hunter Valley, New South
Wales, Australia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Evans, Geoffrey R.; University of Newcastle (Australia), Ecosystem Health Research Group;
[email protected].
This paper examines the possibilities for transformation of a climate-change hot spot—the coal-producing Hunter
Region of New South Wales, Australia—using complex adaptive systems (CAS) theory. It uses CAS theory to
understand the role of coal in the region’s history and efforts to strengthen the ecological, economic, and social
resilience of the region’s coal industry in the face of demands for a shift from fossil fuel dependency to clean,
renewable energy and genuine resilience and sustainability. It uses CAS theory to understand ways in which the resilience of two
alternative futures, labeled “Carbon Valley” and “Post-Carbon Society”
(Heinberg 2004), might evolve.
The...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Coal; Complex adaptive systems; Hunter Valley Australia; Panarchy; Resilience;
Sustainability; Transition.
Ano: 2008
Jatropha cultivation in Malawi and Mozambique: impact on ecosystem services, local human
well-being, and poverty alleviation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: von Maltitz, Graham P.; CSIR, South Africa; Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa;
[email protected]; Gasparatos, Alexandros; Integrated Research System for Sustainability Science (IR3S), University of Tokyo,
Tokyo, Japan; [email protected]; Fabricius, Christo; Sustainability Research Unit, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan
University, South Africa; [email protected]; Morris, Abbie; Independent development practitioner, Malawi;
[email protected]; Willis, Kathy J.; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, UK; Royal Botanical Gardens Kew,
UK; [email protected].
Jatropha-based biofuels have undergone a rapid boom-and-bust cycle in southern Africa. Despite strong initial support by
governments, donors, and the private sector, there is a lack of empirical studies that compare the environmental and
socioeconomic impacts of Jatropha’s two dominant modes of production: large plantations and smallholder-based
projects. We apply a rapid ecosystem services assessment approach to understand the impact of two Jatropha projects that are still
operational despite widespread project collapse across southern Africa: a smallholder-based project (BERL, Malawi) and a large
plantation (Niqel, Mozambique). Our study focuses on changes in provisioning ecosystem services such as biofuel feedstock,
food, and woodland products...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Ecosystem services; Jatropha; Malawi; Mozambique; Smallholders.
Ano: 2016
Addressing Trade-offs: Experiences from Conservation and Development Initiatives in the Mkuze
Wetlands, South Africa
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dahlberg, Annika C.; Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University;
[email protected]; Burlando, Catie; Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba;
[email protected].
Present-day conservation policies generally include the aim to integrate biodiversity conservation and local development, and
describe this as a win–win solution that can satisfy all interests. This is challenged by research claiming that many
efforts fail to match practice to rhetoric. South Africa has made strong commitments to fulfill the dual goals of conservation and
development, and the iSimangaliso Wetland Park is promoted as an example of this. We explore present and potential outcomes
of conservation and development interventions in a community bordering the Wetland Park through the perspective of different
stakeholders, with the aim of uncovering opportunities and risks. In terms of improving local livelihoods as well as involvement
in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Integrated conservation and development; Mkuze wetlands; Natural resource management; Protected area; Rural
livelihoods; South Africa; Trade-offs.
Ano: 2009
Facilitating Transitional Processes in Rigid Institutional Regimes for Water Management and
Wetland Conservation: Experience from the Guadalquivir Estuary
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Amezaga, Jaime M.; Institute for Research on Environment and Sustainability, University of Newcastle;
[email protected].
Traditional policies for water resources management and wetland conservation are often based on command-and-control
approaches. The latter tend to drive the human–wetland–water system into pathological states,
characterized by more vulnerable ecosystems and rigid institutions for governance. The overcoming of these states may rest in the
development of flexible and adaptive institutional regimes that rely on adaptive governance and management. Because past
factors might constrain the implementation of more flexible adaptive approaches to management, it is important to understand the
historical mechanisms underlying the genesis of institutional rigidity. We first present the results of a historical analysis of
Doñana, which can...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Action research; Adaptive cycle; Adaptive management; Command and control; Doñ Ana;
Guadalquivir Estuary; Path dependence; Rigid institutional regimes; Water Framework Directive.
Ano: 2012
Total Historical Land-Use Change in Eastern Bolivia: Who, Where, When, and How Much?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Killeen, Timothy J; Conservation International; [email protected]; Guerra, Anna; Museo Noel Kempff
Mercado; [email protected]; Calzada, Miki; Museo Noel Kempff Mercado; [email protected];
Correa, Lisette; Museo Noel Kempff Mercado; [email protected]; Calderon, Veronica; Museo Noel Kempff
Mercado; [email protected]; Soria, Liliana; Museo Noel Kempff Mercado; [email protected];
Quezada, Belem; Museo Noel Kempff Mercado; [email protected]; Steininger, Marc K; Conservation
International; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Deforestation; Drivers; Land-cover change; Markets; Migration; Social sectors; Tropics.
Ano: 2008
Resilience to climate change in a cross-scale tourism governance context: a combined
quantitative-qualitative network analysis
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Luthe, Tobias; University of Applied Sciences Chur, Institute for Tourism and Leisure, Switzerland; University of
Freiburg, Centre for Key Qualifications, Germany; [email protected].
Social systems in mountain regions are exposed to a number of disturbances, such as climate change. Calls for conceptual and
practical approaches on how to address climate change have been taken up in the literature. The resilience concept as a
comprehensive theory-driven approach to address climate change has only recently increased in importance. Limited research has
been undertaken concerning tourism and resilience from a network governance point of view. We analyze tourism supply chain
networks with regard to resilience to climate change at the municipal governance scale of three Alpine villages. We compare these
with a planned destination management organization (DMO) as a governance entity of the same three municipalities on the
regional scale....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; Core-periphery integration; Social network analysis; Stakeholder perceptions;
Tourism destination; Transformation.
Ano: 2016
Cultural valuation and biodiversity conservation in the Upper Guinea forest, West Africa
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Fraser, James A.; Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK; [email protected];
Narmah, Woulay; College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Liberia, Capitol Hill, Monrovia, Liberia;
[email protected]; Guilavogui, Kaman; IRAG, CRA, Seredou, Guinea; [email protected]; de Foresta, Hubert;
IRD, UMR AMAP, Montpellier, France; [email protected].
The cultural valuation of biodiversity has taken on renewed importance over the last two decades as the ecosystem services
framework has become widely adopted. Conservation initiatives increasingly use ecosystem service frameworks to render tropical
forest landscapes and their peoples legible to market-oriented initiatives such as REDD+ and biodiversity offsetting schemes.
Ecosystem service approaches have been widely criticized by scholars in the social sciences and humanities for their narrow focus
on a small number of easily quantifiable and marketable services and a reductionist and sometimes simplistic approach to culture.
We address the need to combine methods from each of the “three cultures” of natural science,
quantitative...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Anthropogenic landscapes; Conservation science; Cultural heritage; Ecosystem services; Sacred forests;
Secondary forests.
Ano: 2016
Weed Control as a Rationale for Restoration: The Example of Tallgrass Prairie
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Blumenthal, Dana M; University of Minnesota; [email protected]; Jordan, Nicholas R; University of
Minnesota; [email protected]; Svenson, Elizabeth L; University of Minnesota; [email protected].
The potential weed control benefits of ecological restoration are rarely cited and largely unstudied. Nevertheless, the nature of
many restoration target communities, i.e., diverse, late-successional communities, suggests that restoration may control weeds and
that the invasibility of plant communities may decrease with both diversity and successional age. Given the high cost of weed
control in nonagricultural land, weed control benefits could be a strong incentive for restoration efforts. We examined the
cumulative effects of restoration on weed populations 7 yr after tallgrass prairie restoration on a Minnesota sand plain. The
numbers and biomass of volunteer weeds were compared among randomized plots with (1) no restoration, (2) prairie seed
addition,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Community invasibility; Invasion; Prairie; Restoration; Succession; Weed competition; Weed control; Weeds.
Ano: 2003
ConserveOnline and Fortaleza: Sharing Conservation Success and Failure on the Internet
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Adams, Jonathan; The Nature Conservancy; [email protected]; Brugger, Carrie; ; [email protected]; Ding, Yi-Lun; ;
[email protected]; Flores, Marlon; ; [email protected].
ConserveOnline and Fortaleza are Internet libraries of conservation science, practice, and institutional development. Open to
anyone with relevant conservation data or experience, these libraries are designed to foster sharing successes and failures across a
broad community of conservation practitioners, from academic researchers to conservation organizations to government agencies.
The partners in these efforts, who include The Nature Conservancy, the Society for Conservation Biology, and NatureServe, as
well as non-governmental organizations in Latin America and the Caribbean, hope to use the strengths of Internet communication
to foster organizations that learn and adapt, and to build on the wealth of accumulated experience by providing accessible and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation practitioners; ConserveOnline; Fortaleza; Internet; Knowledge sharing; Learning; Library.
Ano: 2002
Envisioning Adaptive Strategies to Change: Participatory Scenarios for Agropastoral Semiarid
Systems in Nicaragua
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Simelton, Elisabeth; Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy, Sustainability Research Institute, School of
Earth and Environment, University of Leeds; [email protected].
Historically, the semiarid social–ecological systems of the dry Central American corridor have proven resilient to
pressures. However, in the last century, these systems have experienced huge environmental and socioeconomic changes that have
increased the vulnerability of local livelihoods to shocks. New approaches are needed to capture complex, uncertain, cross-scale
and nonlinear relationships among drivers of change and vulnerability. Therefore, to tackle this challenge, we have applied a
participatory and interdisciplinary methodological framework of vulnerability assessment to a case study in northern Nicaragua.
We triangulated a range of information and data from participatory and scientific research to explore historical and current...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agropastoral system; Conceptual model; Dry tropical system; Nicaragua; Participatory scenario analysis;
Vulnerability assessment.
Ano: 2011
The Systems Approach Framework as a Complementary Methodology of Adaptive Management: a
Case Study in the Urban Beaches of Barcelona
Provedor de dados: 7
The Systems Approach Framework is a methodological framework designed to enhance the efficacy of human decision-making
processes within social-ecological systems with regard to sustainability. The objective of resilience adaptive management is to
either maintain the system within the current regime such that the desired ecosystem goods and services continue to be delivered,
or to move the system phase to a preferred regime. Although the objectives of the two frameworks are not exactly the same, there
are considerable complementarities between them. Through application of the Systems Approach Framework in a case study
regarding the urban beaches of Barcelona, Spain, we present some of the main findings revealed during the model construction
and stakeholder...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Barcelona; Coastal management; Spain; Systems Approach Framework; Urban beach.
Ano: 2011
Berkes, F., and C. Folke, editors. 1998. Linking Social and Ecological Systems: Management Practices
and Social Mechanisms for Building Resilience. Cambridge University Press, New York.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Raufflet, Emmanuel; McGill University; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2000
Navigating a Murky Adaptive Comanagement Governance Network: Agua Fria Watershed, Arizona,
USA
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Childs, Cameron; School of Sustainability, Arizona State University; [email protected]; York, Abigail M.;
School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Center for the Study of Institutional Diversity, Arizona State University;
[email protected]; White, Dave; School of Community Resources and Development, Decision Center for a Desert City,
Arizona State University;; Schoon, Michael L.; School of Sustainability, Center for the Study of Institutional Diversity, Arizona
State University;; Bodner, Gitanjali S.; The Nature Conservancy, Tucson, Arizona;.
Adaptive comanagement endeavors to increase knowledge and responsiveness in the face of uncertainty and complexity.
However, when collaboration between agency and nonagency stakeholders is mandated, rigid institutions may hinder participation
and ecological outcomes. In this case study we analyzed qualitative data to understand how participants perceive strengths and
challenges within an emerging adaptive comanagement in the Agua Fria Watershed in Arizona, USA that utilizes insight and
personnel from a long-enduring comanagement project, Las Cienegas. Our work demonstrates that general lessons and approaches
from one project may be transferable, but particular institutions, management structures, or projects must be place-specific. As
public agencies...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive comanagement; Agua Fria watershed Arizona; Governance network; Qualitative research.
Ano: 2013
Rebuilding Resilience in the Sahel: Regreening in the Maradi and Zinder Regions of Niger
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sendzimir, Jan; International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA); [email protected]; Reij, Chris P; Centre
for International Cooperation, Vrij Universitaet; [email protected]; Magnuszewski, Piotr; Center for Systems Solutions;
[email protected].
The societies and ecosystems of the Nigerien Sahel appeared increasingly vulnerable to climatic and economic uncertainty in the
late twentieth century. Severe episodes of drought and famine drove massive livestock losses and human migration and mortality.
Soil erosion and tree loss reduced a woodland to a scrub steppe and fed a myth of the Sahara desert relentlessly advancing
southward. Over the past two decades this myth has been shattered by the dramatic reforestation of more than 5 million hectares in
the Maradi and Zinder Regions of Niger. No single actor, policy, or practice appears behind this successful regreening of the
Sahel. Multiple actors, institutions and processes operated at different levels, times, and scales to initiate and sustain this...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agro-forestry; Farmer managed natural regeneration; Maradi Region; Niger; Pastoralism; Reforestation;
Regreening; Resilience; Vulnerability; West Africa; Zinder Region.
Ano: 2011
Impact of fuel costs on high-latitude subsistence activities
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Brinkman, Todd; Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks; [email protected]; Kelly, James;
Council of Athabascan Tribal Governments; [email protected]; Vandyke, Michelle; Council of Athabascan Tribal Governments;
[email protected]; Firmin, Andrew; Council of Athabascan Tribal Governments;; Springsteen, Anna; Scenarios Network for
Alaska and Arctic Planning, University of Alaska Fairbanks; [email protected].
Most rural residents in Arctic communities rely on motorized transportation to hunt, fish, trap, and gather subsistence resources.
Although these technologies have created advantages, one significant disadvantage is that peoples’ ability to meet
their nutritional and cultural needs now depends on consistent opportunities for wage employment and availability of affordable
fuel. Recent qualitative research suggested that rising fuel prices have disrupted subsistence lifestyles in the Arctic. Our objectives
were to collaborate with subsistence users in rural Alaskan communities to quantify how rising fuel costs have impacted
subsistence activities and explore ways local residents may adapt to the trajectory of change. We conducted interviews with...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Alaska; Gasoline; Interviews; Social resilience; Subsistence.
Ano: 2014
Bissonette, J. A., and I. Storch, editors. 2003. Landscape Ecology and Resource Management. Island
Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schoennagel, Tania; University of Colorado-Boulder; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2003
Competing Structure, Competing Views: The Role of Formal and Informal Social Structures in
Shaping Stakeholder Perceptions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Prell, Christina; University of Sheffield; [email protected]; Reed, Mark; Aberdeen Centre for Environmental
Sustainability and Centre for Planning and Environmental Management School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen ;
[email protected]; Racin, Liat; Department of Geography, King's College London ; [email protected]; Hubacek, Klaus;
Department of Geography, University of Maryland; [email protected].
What is social structure, and how does it influence the views and behaviors of land managers? In this paper, we unpack the term
"social structure" in the context of current research on institutions, social networks, and their role(s) in resource management. We
identify two different kinds of structure, formal and informal, and explore how these link to views of land management and
management practice. Formal structures refer to intentionally designed organizations that arise out of larger institutional
arrangements; informal ones refer to social networks, based on the communication contacts individuals possess. Our findings
show significant correlations between respondents' views regarding land management and their social networks; it is these
informal...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Formal organizations; Homophily; Institutions; Land management; Social networks; Social network analysis;
Social structure; Stakeholder perceptions.
Ano: 2010
Visions: A Personal Essay
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Holling, C. S.; University of Florida; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1999
Lake Restoration in Terms of Ecological Resilience: a Numerical Study of Biomanipulations under
Bistable Conditions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Amemiya, Takashi; Yokohama National University; [email protected]; Enomoto, Takatoshi; Yokohama National
University; [email protected]; Rossberg, A. G.; Yokohama National University; [email protected]; Takamura, Noriko;
National Institute for Environmental Studies; [email protected]; Itoh, Kiminori; Yokohama National University;
[email protected].
An abstract version of the comprehensive aquatic simulation model (CASM) is found to exhibit bistability under intermediate
loading of nutrient input, supporting the alternative-stable-states theory and field observations for shallow lakes. Our simulations
of biomanipulations under the bistable conditions reveal that a reduction in the abundance of zooplanktivorous fish cannot switch
the system from a turbid to a clear state. Rather, a direct reduction of phytoplankton and detritus was found to be most effective to
make this switch in the present model. These results imply that multiple manipulations may be effective for practical restorations
of lakes. We discuss the present results of biomanipulations in terms of ecological resilience in multivariable...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Alternative stable state; Biomanipulation; Bistable; Comprehensive aquatic simulation model (CASM);
Resilience.
Ano: 2005
The Local Social and Environmental Impacts of Smallholder-Based Biofuel Investments in Zambia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: German, Laura; Center for International Forestry Research; [email protected]; Schoneveld, George C.; Center
for International Forestry Research; [email protected]; Gumbo, Davison; Center for International Forestry Research;
[email protected].
High oil prices, recent commitments by industrialized countries to enhance the use of renewable energy, and efforts by developing
countries to stimulate foreign investment as a pathway to development have fueled high levels of interest in the biofuel sector
throughout much of sub-Saharan Africa. Zambia is no exception. A large, land-locked country with high pump prices and vast
tracts of land considered by many to be “degraded” or “underutilized,” investor
interest in the sector has remained high despite uncertainties associated with unproven feedstocks and market fluctuations. While
investment in multiple feedstock and production models may be observed, one of the primary investments has been in jatropha
outgrower...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Jatropha; Outgrower scheme; Zambia.
Ano: 2011
National Research Council Board on Sustainable Development. 1999. Our Common Journey, a
Transition Toward Sustainability. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C..
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bossel, Hartmut; Sustainable Systems Research; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2000
Learning, Signaling, and Social Preferences in Public-Good Games
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Janssen, Marco A; Arizona State University; [email protected]; Ahn, T. K.; Florida State University and Korea
University; [email protected].
This study compares the empirical performance of a variety of learning models and theories of social preferences in the context of
experimental games involving the provision of public goods. Parameters are estimated via maximum likelihood estimation. We
also performed estimations to identify different types of agents and distributions of parameters. The estimated models suggest that
the players of such games take into account the learning of others and are belief learners. Despite these interesting findings, we
conclude that a powerful method of model selection of agent-based models on dynamic social dilemma experiments is still
lacking.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Laboratory experiments; Public goods; Agent-based model; Learning; Social preferences.
Ano: 2006
Water Governance in Mexico: Political and Economic Aperatures and a Shifting State-Citizen
Relationship
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wilder, Margaret; University of Arizona; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ejidos; Governance; Irrigation districts; Mexico; River basin councils; Sonora; Water policy.
Ano: 2010
Compromised Rivers: Understanding Historical Human Impacts on Rivers in the Context of
Restoration
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wohl, Ellen; Colorado State University; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: River restoration; Colorado Front Range; Historical land use.
Ano: 2005
Robustness, vulnerability, and adaptive capacity in small-scale social-ecological systems: The Pumpa
Irrigation System in Nepal
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cifdaloz, Oguzhan; ASU School of Human Evolution and Social Change; [email protected]; Regmi, Ashok; ASU School
of Human Evolution and Social Change; [email protected]; Anderies, John M; ASU School of Human Evolution and
Social Change; School of Sustainability; [email protected]; Rodriguez, Armando A; Intelligent Embedded Systems Laboratory
(IeSL), ASU Fulton School of Engineering; [email protected].
Change in freshwater availability is arguably one of the most pressing issues associated with global change. Agriculture, which
uses roughly 70% of the total global freshwater supply, figures prominently among sectors that may be adversely affected by
global change. Of specific concern are small-scale agricultural systems that make up nearly 90% of all farming systems and
generate 40% of agricultural output worldwide. These systems are experiencing a range of novel shocks, including increased
variability in precipitation and competing demands for water and labor that challenge their capacity to maintain agricultural
output. This paper employs a robustness-vulnerability trade-off framework to explore the capacity of these small-scale systems
to cope...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Agriculture; Dynamic systems; Food security; Freshwater availability; Global change;
Small-scale irrigation systems; Mathematical model; Nepal; Robustness; Social-ecological systems; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2010
Effects of Heterogeneity in Residential Preferences on an Agent-Based Model of Urban Sprawl
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Brown, Daniel G.; University of Michigan; [email protected]; Robinson, Derek T.; University of Michigan;
[email protected].
The ability of agent-based models (ABMs) to represent heterogeneity in the characteristics and behaviors of actors enables
analyses about the implications of this heterogeneity for system behavior. The importance of heterogeneity in the specification of
ABMs, however, creates new demands for empirical support. An earlier analysis of a survey of residential preferences within
southeastern Michigan revealed seven groups of residents with similar preferences on similar characteristics of location. In this
paper, we present an ABM that represents the process of residential development within an urban system and run it for a
hypothetical pattern of environmental variation. Residential locations are selected by residential agents, who evaluate locations on
the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Complex systems; Social surveys; Spatial modeling; Urban sprawl.
Ano: 2006
Ecological and Social Dynamics in Simple Models of Ecosystem Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Carpenter, Stephen R; University of Wisconsin-Madison; [email protected]; Brock, William; University of
Wisconsin; [email protected]; Hanson, Paul; University of Wisconsin; [email protected].
Simulation models were developed to explore and illustrate dynamics of socioecological systems. The ecosystem is a lake subject
to phosphorus pollution. Phosphorus flows from agriculture to upland soils, to surface waters, where it cycles between water and
sediments. The ecosystem is multistable, and moves among domains of attraction depending on the history of pollutant inputs.
The alternative states yield different economic benefits. Agents form expectations about ecosystem dynamics, markets, and/or the
actions of managers, and choose levels of pollutant inputs accordingly. Agents have heterogeneous beliefs and/or access to
information. Their aggregate behavior determines the total rate of pollutant input. As the ecosystem changes, agents update their...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive agent models; Adaptive management; Bounded rationality; Ecological economics; Ecosystem
oscillations; Integrated models; Lake eutrophication; Nonpoint pollution; Phosphorus cycles; Simulation models; Social-natural
systems.
Ano: 1999
Using Participatory Scenario Planning to Identify Ecosystem Services in Changing Landscapes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Malinga, Rebecka; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; [email protected];
Gordon, Line J.; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; [email protected]; Lindborg, Regina;
Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University; [email protected]; Jewitt,
Graham; Centre for Water Resources Research, Umgeni Water Chair of Water Resources Management, University of
KwaZulu-Natal ; [email protected].
There is a growing interest in assessing ecosystem services to improve ecosystem management in landscapes containing a mix of
different ecosystems. While methodologies for assessing ecosystem services are constantly improving, only little attention has
been given to the identification of which ecosystem services to assess. Service selection is mostly based on current state of the
landscape although many landscapes are both inherently complex and rapidly changing. In this study we examine whether
scenario development, a tool for dealing with uncertainties and complexities of the future, gives important insights into the
selection of ecosystem services in changing landscapes. Using an agricultural landscape in South Africa we compared different
sets of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Complexity; Ecosystem services; Future; Landscape; Scenarios; Social-ecological systems; South
Africa; Uncertainties.
Ano: 2013
Cultural attitudes are stronger predictors of bushmeat consumption and preference than economic
factors among urban Amazonians from Brazil and Colombia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Vliet, Nathalie; Center for International Forestry Research; [email protected]; Schor, Tatiana;
Departamento de Geografia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Brazil; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Attitudes; Beliefs; Bushmeat sharing; Human behavior; Hunting; Income; Legality; Social norms; Social
relations; Taboos; Wealth.
Ano: 2015
The Value of Tropical Forest to Local Communities: Complications, Caveats, and Cautions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sheil, Douglas; CIFOR (Center for International Forestry Research); [email protected]; Wunder, Sven; CIFOR
(Center for International Forestry Research); [email protected].
The methods used to value tropical forests have the potential to influence how policy makers and others perceive forest lands. A
small number of valuation studies achieve real impact. These are generally succinct accounts supporting a specific perception.
However, such reports risk being used to justify inappropriate actions. The end users of such results are rarely those who produced
them, and misunderstanding of key details is a concern. One defense is to ensure that shortcomings and common pitfalls are better
appreciated by the ultimate users. In this article, we aim to reduce such risks by discussing how valuation studies should be
assessed and challenged by users. We consider two concise, high-profile valuation papers here, by Peters and colleagues...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cultural anthropology; Forest valuation; Indigenous people; Land-use change; Livelihood security; Local
participation; Measurement biases; Nontimber forest products; Policy priorities; Tropical deforestation; Unit-area values;
Unit-time values.
Ano: 2002
The Relationship between Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Evolving Cultures, and Wilderness
Protection in the Circumpolar North
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Watson, Alan; Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute; [email protected]; Alessa, Lilian; ; [email protected];
Glaspell, Brian; ; [email protected].
There are many unique issues associated with natural resource management in the far north as a result of legislative direction,
historic settlement and occupation patterns, northern cultural traditions, ecotourism, economic depression, pressures for energy
development, and globalization and modernization effects. Wilderness designation in Canada, the USA, and Finland is aimed at
preserving and restoring many human and ecological values, as are the long-established, strictly enforced, nature reserves in
Russia. In Alaska and Finland, and in some provinces of Canada, there is a variety of values associated with protecting relatively
intact relationships between indigenous people and relatively pristine, vast ecosystems. These values are often described as...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Circumpolar north; Ecological restoration; Relationship with nature; Traditional ecological knowledge;
Traditional lifestyles; Traditional means of livelihood; Wilderness.
Ano: 2003
In Search of Intelligent Life ...
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rowe, Stan; University of Saskatchewan (Emeritus); [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001
A Real Options Approach to Forest-Management Decision Making to Protect Caribou under the
Threat of Extinction
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Morgan, Don G.; British Columbia Ministry of Forests and Range; [email protected].
Uncertainty is a dominant feature of decision making in forestry and wildlife management. Aggravating this challenge is the
irreversibility of some decisions, resulting in the loss of economic opportunities or the extirpation of wildlife populations. We
adapted the real options approach from economic theory to develop a methodology to evaluate a resource management decision to
stop timber harvesting when a woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) population becomes threatened with extinction. In
our study area of central Labrador, Canada, both caribou and timber harvesting are valued ecosystem services. By using a decision
rule, which incorporates future developments, the real options approach provides a technique to incorporate ecological and
social...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Decision support; Real options; Forest planning; Wildlife management; Caribou; Labrador.
Ano: 2008
Spanning Boundaries in an Arizona Watershed Partnership: Information Networks as Tools for
Entrenchment or Ties for Collaboration?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cutts, Bethany B. ; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University; Decision Center for a Desert City, Arizona State
University; [email protected]; Larson, Elisabeth K. ; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University; [email protected]; Darby,
Kate J.; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University; [email protected]; Neff, Mark; Consortium
for Science, Policy and Outcomes, Arizona State University ; [email protected]; Wutich, Amber; School of Human Evolution
and Social Change, Arizona State University; [email protected]; Bolin, Bob; School of Human Evolution and Social
Change, Arizona State University; [email protected].
The need to develop successful collaborative strategies is an enduring problem in sustainable resource management. Our goal is to
evaluate the relationship between information networks and conflict in the context of collaborative groundwater management in
the rapidly growing central highland region of Arizona. In this region, water-management conflicts have emerged because of
stakeholders’ differing geographic perspectives and competing scientific claims. Using social network analyses, we
explored the extent to which the Verde River Basin Partnership (VRBP), which was charged with developing and sharing
scientific information, has contributed to collaboration in the region. To accomplish this, we examined the role that this
stakeholder...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Arizona; Boundary spanning; Collaborative management; Environmental governance; Information networks;
Power; Water management.
Ano: 2010
Assessing the Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem Services: an Agent-Based Modeling Approach
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Chen, Xiaodong; Department of Geography, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; [email protected];
Shortridge, Ashton ; Department of Geography, Michigan State University;; An, Li; Department of Geography, San Diego State
University;; Liu, Jianguo; Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State
University;.
Payments for ecosystem services (PES) have increasingly been implemented to protect and restore ecosystems worldwide. The
effectiveness of conservation investments in PES may differ under alternative policy scenarios and may not be sustainable
because of uncertainties in human responses to policies and dynamic human-nature interactions. To assess the impacts of these
interactions on the effectiveness of PES programs, we developed a spatially explicit agent-based model: human and natural
interactions under policies (HANIP). We used HANIP to study the effectiveness of China’s Natural Forest
Conservation Program (NFCP) and alternative policy scenarios in a coupled human-nature system, China’s Wolong
Nature Reserve, where indigenous...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agent-based modeling; Conservation investments; Coupled human-nature systems; Fuelwood; Natural Forest
Conservation Program; Payments for ecosystem services.
Ano: 2014
Spatial Modeling of Risk in Natural Resource Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Jones, Peter; CIAT (International Center for Tropical Agriculture); [email protected]; Thornton, Philip K; International
Livestock Research Institute; [email protected].
Making decisions in natural resource management involves an understanding of the risk and uncertainty of the outcomes, such as
crop failure or cattle starvation, and of the normal spread of the expected production. Hedging against poor outcomes often means
lack of investment and slow adoption of new methods. At the household level, production instability can have serious effects on
income and food security. At the national level, it can have social and economic impacts that may affect all sectors of society.
Crop models such as CERES-Maize are excellent tools for assessing weather-related production variability. WATBAL is a water
balance model that can provide robust estimates of the potential growing days for a pasture. These models require large...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Crop modeling; Dryland agriculture; Global change; Global Circulation Model; Maize; Markov models;
MarkSim; Natural resource management; Risk; Southern Africa; Spatial modeling; Weather simulation.
Ano: 2002
Performing biospheric futures with younger generations: a case in the MAB Reserve of La Sepultura,
Mexico
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Meza, Amayrani; Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR); [email protected].
Providing opportunities for younger generations to voice out their views in the building of our common futures within the limits,
opportunities, and dynamics of the biosphere is a central component in sustainability learning.
To this aim, a novel
methodological approach using participatory theater was implemented to explore future scenarios with young people in the Man
and Biosphere Reserve of La Sepultura, Mexico. Three workshops were carried out as part of a broader environmental education
process, aimed at enhancing critical awareness and ownership of participants’ own futures. Through the reflective
enactment of scenarios linked to personal actions and resources, alternative ways to think through the interconnections and the
affective bonds...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Applied theater; Art-science interface; Learning for sustainability; Participatory scenarios; Performative
methods; Visioning.
Ano: 2016
Keystone Species and Academic-Agency Collaboration
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Carpenter, Stephen R; University of Wisconsin-Madison; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 1998
Observations of Everyday Biodiversity: a New Perspective for Conservation?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Raymond, Richard; UMR 7533 LADYSS; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Citizen science; Cognitive processes; Common knowledge; Conservation psychology; Everyday life; Garden
Butterflies Watch; Ordinary biodiversity; Planned behavior theory; Self-learning.
Ano: 2012
Detecting Critical Scales in Fragmented Landscapes
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Keitt, Timothy; State University of New York at Stony Brook; [email protected]; Urban, Dean L; Duke
University; [email protected]; Milne, Bruce T; University of New Mexico; [email protected].
We develop methods for quantifying habitat connectivity at multiple scales and assigning conservation priority to habitat patches
based on their contribution to connectivity. By representing the habitat mosaic as a mathematical "graph," we show that
percolation theory can be used to quantify connectivity at multiple scales from empirical landscape data. Our results indicate that
connectivity of landscapes is highly scale dependent, exhibiting a marked transition at a characteristic distance and varying
significantly for organisms with different dispersal behavior. More importantly, we show that the sensitivity and importance of
landscape pattern is also scale dependent, peaking at scales associated with the percolation transition. In addition, the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Connectivity; Conservation in fragmented landscapes; Dispersal; Fragmentation; Habitat connectivity vs.
dispersal distance; Landscape; Landscape graphs; Metapopulation; Percolation; Quantifying habitat connectivity at multiple
scales; "stepping stone" patch; Strix occidentalis lucida.
Ano: 1997
Moving Toward Spatial Solutions in Marine Conservation with Indigenous Communities
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ban, Natalie C; Project Seahorse; University of British Columbia Fisheries Centre; [email protected]; Vincent,
Amanda C.J.; Project Seahorse; University of British Columbia Fisheries Centre; [email protected].
Community and resource user support has often been declared as essential to achieving globally agreed targets for marine
protection. Given that indigenous people in Canada have resource use rights, we engaged two indigenous communities in British
Columbia for their views on marine planning and protected areas. We developed a three-phased approach for executing our
research: building research partnerships, carrying out individual interviews, and holding community discussion sessions.
Participants expressed a common goal of recovering depleted species and ensuring the sustainability of indigenous fishing. We
found strong support for spatial protection measures, and significant overlaps amongst participants in the areas suggested for
protection. The most...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Aboriginal fisheries; British Columbia; Canada; Commercial fisheries; Community-based conservation;
Indigenous communities; Marine conservation; Marine protected areas.
Ano: 2008
Trust and Intention to Comply with a Water Allocation Decision: The Moderating Roles of
Knowledge and Consistency
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hamm, Joseph A.; University of Nebraska Public Policy Center; Department of Psychology, University of
Nebraska-Lincoln; [email protected]; PytlikZillig, Lisa M.; University of Nebraska Public Policy Center; [email protected];
Herian, Mitchel N.; University of Nebraska Public Policy Center; [email protected]; Tomkins, Alan J.; University of
Nebraska Public Policy Center; [email protected]; Dietrich, Hannah; Department of Psychology, University of
Nebraska-Lincoln; Center on Children, Families, and the Law, University of Nebraska-Lincoln; [email protected]; Michaels,
Sarah; Department of Political Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln; University of Nebraska Public Policy Center ;
[email protected].
Regulating water resources is a critically important yet increasingly complex component of the interaction between ecology and
society. Many argue that effective water regulation relies heavily upon the compliance of water users. The relevant literature
suggests that, rather than relying on external motivators for individual compliance, e.g., punishments and rewards, it is preferable
to focus on internal motivators, including trust in others. Although prior scholarship has resulted in contemporary institutional
efforts to increase public trust, these efforts are hindered by a lack of evidence regarding the specific situations in which trust, in
its various forms, most effectively increases compliance. We report the results of an experiment designed to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Compliance; Human dimensions of natural resource management; Procedural justice; Trust; Water allocation.
Ano: 2013
Diagnosing Institutional Fit: a Formal Perspective
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cox, Michael; Dartmouth College; [email protected].
I attempt to demonstrate that the concept of institutional fit and the closely related approach of institutional diagnosis can be
improved with the process of formalization. In this context, the concept of fit is interpreted as a way of expressing certain
theoretical propositions that relate a set of variables with each other and with an outcome. This perspective is demonstrated
through the use of the Web Ontology Language to express several "theories of fit." Using a formal language to describe types of
fit and their associated theories is argued to have much potential for advancing the scientific study of social-ecological systems.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Diagnostics; Formalization; Institutional fit; Social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2012
Differences and Congruencies between PVA Packages: the Importance of Sex Ratio for Predictions of
Extinction Risk
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Brook, Barry W; Northern Territory University; [email protected]; Burgman, Mark A; University of Melbourne;
[email protected]; Frankham, Richard; Macquarie University; [email protected].
Population viability analysis (PVA) is used in conservation biology to predict extinction probabilities for threatened species.
Previous studies have revealed large differences between the predictions of PVA modeling packages, but these comparisons
included a range of nonstandard factors. A standardized comparison of five PVA packages (GAPPS, INMAT, RAMAS Metapop,
RAMAS Stage, and VORTEX) was conducted on six examples (two mammals, two birds, one reptile, and a hypothetical
bird/mammal-like life history). The individual-based packages (GAPPS and VORTEX) predicted a consistently higher risk of
extinction than their matrix-based counterparts (INMAT and the RAMAS programs). This arose as only the former considered the
effect of demographic stochasticity in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Demographic stochasticity; Extinction risk; Individual-based models; Matrix-based models; Model comparison;
Parameter estimation; Population viability analysis; Sex ratio.
Ano: 2000
Disentangling trade-offs and synergies around ecosystem services with the influence network
framework: illustration from a consultative process over the French Alps
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Turkelboom, Francis; Research Group Nature and Society, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Belgium;
[email protected].
An important aspect of sustainability is to maintain biodiversity and ecosystem functioning while improving human well-being.
For this, the ecosystem service (ES) approach has the potential to bridge the still existing gap between ecological management and
social development, especially by focusing on trade-offs and synergies between ES and between their beneficiaries. Several
frameworks have been proposed to account for trade-offs and synergies between ES, and between ES and other components of
social-ecological systems. However, to date, insufficient explicit attention has been paid to the three facets encompassed in the ES
concept, namely potential supply, demand, and use, leading to incomplete descriptions of ES interactions. We expand on
previous...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cross-sectoral stakeholder consultation; Ecosystem service potential supply demand and use; French Alps;
Influence networks; Trade-offs and synergies.
Ano: 2016
Disentangling Scale Approaches in Governance Research: Comparing Monocentric, Multilevel, and
Adaptive Governance
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Termeer, Catrien J.A.M.; Public Administration and Policy Group, Wageningen University; [email protected];
Dewulf, Art; Public Administration and Policy Group, Wageningen University; [email protected]; Lieshout, Maartje van; Public
Administration and Policy Group, Wageningen University; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Levels; Monocentric governance; Multilevel governance; Scale mismatch; Scaling.
Ano: 2010
Bushmeat networks link the forest to urban areas in the trifrontier region between Brazil, Colombia,
and Peru
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Vliet, Nathalie; Center for International Forestry Research; [email protected]; Jonhson Neves de
Aquino, Lindon; Universidade Federal do Amazonas; [email protected]; Schor, Tatiana; Geography Department, Federal
University of Amazonas; NEPECAB; [email protected]; Hernandez, Sara; Independent Expert in Environmental
Economics; [email protected]; Nasi, Robert; Center for International Forestry Research; [email protected].
Recent studies have intended to quantify urban consumption and trade in Amazonian towns. However, little is still known about
the different ways in which bushmeat is made available in urban areas, including commercial and noncommercial flows, and how
those flows contribute to link forests to urban livelihoods. In this study we qualitatively describe the structure and functioning of
bushmeat flows in terms of species, catchment area, stakeholders involved, and the motivations for their activity in the main towns
of the Amazon trifrontier region between Brazil, Colombia, and Peru. We show that bushmeat trade to urban areas exists under
an organized but invisible commodity chain providing a source of income to about 195 persons. Bushmeat is made available...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Amazon; Bushmeat; Exchange networks; Indigenous people; Trade; Urban areas.
Ano: 2015
Functionally Dominant Herbivores as Keystone Species
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Higdon, Jeff W; University of New Brunswick; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2002
The Dynamics of Social Capital and Conflict Management in Multiple Resource Regimes: A Case of
the Southwestern Highlands of Uganda
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sanginga, Pascal C; International Centre for Tropical Agriculture -CIAT; [email protected]; Kamugisha, Rick N;
Africa Highlands Initiative; [email protected]; Martin, Andrienne M; Natural Resources Institute;
[email protected].
Increasingly, social capital, defined as shared norms, trust, and the horizontal and vertical social networks that facilitate
coordination and cooperation for mutually beneficial collective action, is seen as an important asset upon which people rely to
manage natural resources and resolve conflicts. This paper uses empirical data from households and community surveys and case
studies, to examine the role, strengths, and limits of social capital in managing conflicts over the use and management of natural
resources. We inventoried over 700 cases ranging from conflicts between multiple resource users to supra-community conflicts
between local communities concerns for better livelihoods and national/international concerns for environment conservation....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bylaws; Conflicts; Gender; Highlands; Natural resources management; Social capital; Synergy; Uganda.
Ano: 2007
Ecosystem service delivery in restoration projects: the effect of ecological succession on the benefits of
tidal marsh restoration
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Boerema, Annelies; Ecosystem Management Research Group, University of Antwerp;
[email protected]; Geerts, Lindsay; Ecosystem Management Research Group, University of Antwerp;
[email protected]; Oosterlee, Lotte; Ecosystem Management Research Group, University of Antwerp;
[email protected]; Temmerman, Stijn; Ecosystem Management Research Group, University of Antwerp;
[email protected]; Meire, Patrick; Ecosystem Management Research Group, University of Antwerp;
[email protected].
Long-term assessment of ecosystem restoration projects is complex because of ecological processes such as succession,
particularly in highly dynamic ecosystems such as estuaries. Restoration of intertidal flats and marshes on formerly embanked
land, often called managed coastal realignment (MR), became popular in estuarine management. In our study, biophysical and
monetary data were collected to calculate the value of 15 (sub)ecosystem services (ES) delivered by a large tidal marsh restoration
project in the Schelde estuary in Belgium and the Netherlands. We hypothesized that ES delivery changes over time due to
ecological succession and hence the long-term benefits are subject to this phenomenon and need to be taken into consideration. A
marsh sediment...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Long-term benefits; Managed coastal realignment (MR); Marsh succession; Monetary valuation; Temporal
scale.
Ano: 2016
Dietary Changes over Time in a Caiçara Community from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: MacCord, Priscila L.; Universidade Estadual de Campinas; [email protected]; Begossi, Alpina; Universidade
Estadual de Campinas; [email protected].
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Atlantic Forest; Brazil; Caiç Ara; Socia