Download ESS fishing question

ESS SAMPLE EXAM QUESTION – FISHING
The diagram below shows the effects of two different fishing policies on fish stocks over four years.
High intensity fishing policy
Low intensity fishing policy
200
36
28
18
20
1
32
2
24
36
48
3
4
48
Weight of fish / tonnes
Weight of fish / tonnes
200
36
168
16
6
1
2
3
4
Year
Key:
(i)
56
20
Year
(a)
120
Catch
Stock of fish
Define the term sustainable yield.
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(ii)
(1)
Calculate the total catch over four years in each fishing policy in the diagram above.
High intensity: ...................................................................................................
Low intensity: ...................................................................................................
(iii)
(1)
Calculate the percentage difference between the year 4 catch for the high intensity fishing policy
and the year 4 catch for the low intensity fishing policy.
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(iv)
(1)
Predict, giving two reasons, which fishing policy would probably give the greater profit over 20
years.
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(2)
(b)
Outline two reasons why hunting and fishing may not be controlled by legislation.
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(c)
(2)
Compare the energy efficiency of terrestrial and aquatic food production systems.
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(d)
(2)
Suggest one possible solution that a technocentrist might give to the problem of overfishing.
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(1)
(Total 10 marks)
MARK SCHEME
(a)
(i)
Sustainable yield: rate of increase is natural capital/resource
that can be exploited/taken/harvested without depleting the
original stock;
OWTTE.
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(b)
(c)
High: 106 tonnes and low: 106 tonnes (units required);
Both correct values required for [1].
 48  24

100  = 100% difference

 24

low intensity;
because more fish are left in the sea to breed and increase stocks/
the trend in low intensity is to have larger catch in year 4
compared with year 4 in high intensity;
ignorance of how “in danger” a stock is;
miscalculation of how many are available;
short-term gain is more important than longer-term growth of the
industry;
if starving will break the law to catch food/hard for law-keepers
to monitor catch;
oceans are huge/vast areas;
international boundaries make legislation difficult;
Accept other reasonable responses.
1
1
2
2 max
Terrestrial:
most food harvested from lower trophic levels/as crops/plants/
herbivores/ cattle etc. so less heat/respiratory losses/more efficient
fixation of solar energy as does not have to get through water first/
less efficient use of land area (efficiency in terms of space rather
than energy);
Aquatic:
most food from higher trophic levels/bigger fish/higher up food
chain so much energy has been lost/energy conversions more
efficient as fewer warm-blooded animals which use most energy
to keep body temperature stable/more efficient use of land area
(efficiency in terms of space rather than energy);
(d)
1
fish farming/change fishing grounds/eat alternative food sources/
new technologies to ensure immature fish not caught/less wastage/
research into alternative fish species/monitoring population
numbers carefully to check stocks/research in GM fish (suitable
for aquaculture);
Accept other reasonable responses.
2
1
[10]