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Transcript
Historical Timeline of Classical Rome I. The Rise of Rome/Latium: II. The Legend of founding of Rome (753 BCE) The Etruscan kings (620 BCE-509 BCE) Roman Republic (509 BCE – 27 BCE) The organization of the Republic: (diagram) plebeian gains during the early republic: Roman legions & expansion: The Punic Wars - between Rome & Carthage (the powerful Phoenician colony) Causes: 1st (264 – 241 BCE) – 2nd (216 – 202 BCE)- Hannibal and Scipio 3rd (146 BCE)- How do each of these reflect the growing crisis in the Republic? Latifundia, “bread and circuses”, Spartacus How successful were Tiberius & Gaius Gracchus in gaining reforms? What does the conflict between Generals Marius & Sulla indicate about developments in the country and military? 1st Triumvirate: Caesar, Pompey, Crassus: How did Julius Caesar gain fame and eventually control of Rome? What reforms did he institute as dictator for life (45 BCE- 44 BCE)? 2nd Triumvirate: Octavian, Antony, Lepidus: How did Octavian gain control? Overall: Why did the Republic ultimately fail? How might it have been able to survive? III. The Roman Principate (27 BCE – (476) CE) Octavian became Augustus Caesar (r. 27 BCE – 14 CE) marking the beginning of the Pax Romana. Identify important changes in the Empire under Augustus “Julian” Emperors: Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero (14 - 68 CE) [Jesus of Nazareth crucified (CE 33 ish) ------- ] [Destruction of Temple of Jerusalem (CE 70) – Jewish Diaspora…again] The “Good Emperors”: Nerva (CE 96) to Marcus Aurelius (d. CE 180) Identify important accomplishments of Emperors: Developments during the Pax Romana: IV. The “Decline” of Rome: How did each of the following Emperors impact the Empire? Diocletian (CE 284) Emperor Constantine (CE 312) Emperor Theodosius (CE 392) CE 410 – sack of Rome by the Visigoths Barbarian Invasions: CE 450’s – the Huns CE 455 – sack of Rome by the Vandals CE 476 – “Fall” of western Roman Empire ----Germanic king Odaecer becomes king of Rome; but the eastern Roman Empire (“Byzantine Empire”) continues for another1000 years! Overall Reasons for the fall of the Roman Empire other than the “barbarians”: Impact of the fall: