Download l2 biology: topics covered on the midterm exam and what to study

L2 BIOLOGY: TOPICS COVERED ON THE MIDTERM EXAM AND WHAT TO STUDY
Lab Skills:
Be able to identify, analyze and interpret:
 problem & hypothesis
 experimental design / procedure
 control
 independent & dependent variable
 observation & results
Biochemistry:
 lipids- Function of lipids/fats. Saturated/unsaturated fats (Polymer/monomer)
 carbohydrates: Function of carbs., What are monosaccharides, disacharides Review glucose,
dehydration synthesis, sugars, starches
 Proteins: structure and function
Carbon: What makes it a unique element? What are the two types of chemical bonds? Look over basic
chemistry notes from beginning of class.
Enzymes
 Are a type of protein
 How do they function/are used in living organisms
 How do they work in a chemical reaction? Understand substrate, reactants, products.
 Effects of temperature, pH on enzyme action
Cell Membrane and Cellular Transport:
 diffusion and osmosis: passive vs. active transport
 Differing concentrations: if a cell is put into higher/lower salt concentration what happens
 Membrane structure!
Cells:
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Cell structures (organelles) and their functions
cell wall (plants only)
cell membrane
nucleus
chloroplast (plants only)
ribosomes
mitochondria
Differences between plant and animal cells.
Membrane Pathways – Path of a protein through the cell, (and each organelle’s part in the process)
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration:
 Know substrates and products of both processes.
 Know organelles where both occur
 Understand the types of energy (light and chemical) and how they are transformed in the cycle
(connection) between these two processes.
Bacteria and Viruses1. Characteristics/differences between viruses and bacteria (cell structures that differ)
2. Treatments and prevention for bacteria vs viral diseases (antibiotics and vaccines)