Download Study Guide for Science Test

Study Guide for Science Test
Cells – p. A9-A26
Please know the definitions of the following words for the test:
Diffusion: Process by which particles of a substance move from an area
where there are many particles of the substance to an area where there are
fewer particles of the substance.
Chloroplast: Organelle that contains chlorophyll, and is found only in plant
cells.
Cell: Basic unit of structure and function of all living things.
Cell membrane: Thin covering that holds the parts of the cell together.
Nucleus: Organelle that determines a cell’s activities.
Cytoplasm: Jellylike substance that contains many chemical to keep a cell
functioning.
Osmosis: A type of diffusion that is specifically the movement of water and
dissolved materials through the cell membrane.
Tissue: Cells that work together to perform a specific function.
Organ: Tissues that work together.
Organ System: Organs that work together to perform a function.
Mitosis: The process in which a cell divides into two exact copies of itself.
Cell differentiation: The specialization of cells. Cell develops into different
type of cell that does a specific job.
Cell respiration: Process of using oxygen to break down sugar molecules.
Photosynthesis: Process by which light energy is used to make food.
Know the 2 differences between plant and animal cells.
Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts, and animal cells do not.
Because of this, plant cells are able to make their own food.
Know why humans need mitosis.
Mitosis allows us to grow and heal ourselves when we have cuts or
injuries.
Know the steps of mitosis:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Chromosomes make copies of themselves.
These copies fasten together as the nuclear membrane disappears.
Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell.
They then separate and move to opposite ends of the cell.
The cell splits and new nuclear membranes from.