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Unit 6: Lesson 4 Notes
Maxwell: Science
Indiana Standards
• 7.3.5 Explain that cells in _____________________________ organisms repeatedly divide to
make more cells for _____________________ and repair.
•
7.3.7 Describe how various _____________________ and _______________________ serve the
needs of cells for nutrient and oxygen delivery and waste removal.
What is homeostasis?
•
__________________________ is the maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing
environment.
How do they do this?
•
Cells obtain and use _______________, make ___________cells, exchange
_______________________, and eliminate ___________________ in response to a changing
environment.
What is homeostasis?
•
_______________________ organisms exchange materials directly with the environment.
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________________________________ organisms have systems that transport materials to
other places within the organism.
•
The _______________________________ system in humans and _________________ and
________________ in plants are transport systems.
How do cells get energy?
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Cells get energy by breaking down __________________________.
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Plants, algae, and some bacteria make their own food from the sun by
_____________________________________.
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Carbon dioxide and water are converted to sugar and oxygen in the
__________________________________.
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Plants and animals use oxygen during ________________________________________ to produce
energy from food.
•
Sugars and oxygen are converted to water, carbon dioxide, and energy during
_____________________________.
•
__________________________________ and ______________________________ are linked because
each one depends on the products of the other.
How do cells divide?
•
Cells grow, divide, and die at different rates and for different reasons.
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In eukaryotes, DNA is copied before a cell can divide. This is called
____________________________.
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The nucleus and the rest of the cell divide to make two new cells. This is called
_____________________________.
•
After two new cells are formed, it is called _____________________________.
•
___________________________ is cell division that forms two new nuclei that are identical
to each other.
•
DNA is packaged as __________________________________ in the cell.
•
During mitosis, the chromosomes are separated and genetic material is
_________________evenly between the new genetically identical cells
What are the phases of mitosis?
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Prophase
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____________________________ condense into rod-like structures,
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the membrane around the nucleus dissolves
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Metaphase
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The ___________________________ line up in the middle of the cell
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_____________________________ chromosomes pair up.
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Anaphase
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_______________________________ separate and move opposite sides if the cell
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Each side of the cell has a complete set of _________________________________
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Telophase
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A new ______________________________________________ forms around each group of
chromosomes producing two genetically identical nuclei.
•
This is the ___________________ phase of mitosis.
How do cells exchange materials?
•
Cell membranes are _________________________________, allowing only certain particles to
move into or out of the cell.
•
The movement of materials across a cell membrane without the use of energy is
called ________________________________________.
•
_________________________________ is the movement of molecules from high
concentrations to low concentrations.
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_____________________________ is the diffusion of water through a semipermeable
membrane.
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Large molecules move into and out of cells through ___________________ channels.
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______________________________________ is the movement of particles against a
concentration gradient and requires energy.
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__________________________________ and _______________________________are forms of active
transport that move large particles into and out of cells.
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____________________________________ is a process in which cells use energy to surround
and enclose a particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell.
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_____________________________________ is a process in which particles are enclosed in a
vesicle in a cell and released from the cell.
How do organisms respond to the environment?
•
Cells and whole organisms must work to maintain______________________________________
in a constantly changing environment.
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Some animals _____________________ their behavior to control body temperature.
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Trees can show _________________________responses to changes in the environment.