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MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
INTRODUCTION- Chemistry plays a very important role in our
everyday lives. In particular, medicinal chemistry in its most
common guise, focusing on small organic molecules,
encompasses synthetic organic chemistry and aspects of
natural products and computational chemistry in close
combination with chemical biology, enzymology and structural
biology, together aiming at the discovery and development of
new therapeutic agents. Practically speaking, it involves
chemical aspects of identification, and then systematic,
thorough synthetic alteration of new chemical entities to make
them suitable for therapeutic use.
DRUG-A drug is defined as a substance used for the purpose of
diagnosis, prevention, relief or cure of disease. The word drug is
derived from the French word “drogue” meaning herb. Drugs
are the molecules of low molecular mass about 100 to 500 u.
DESIGNING OF A DRUG- There are two main considerations
for designing of a drug:
1) Drug target and 2) Drug metabolism
 Drug Target-For getting a desired therapeutic effect of a
drug, the correct choice of the molecular target is very
important. The site on the drug acts is called receptor.
 Drug metabolism- The drug has to be designed in such a
way that it reaches the target without being
metabolized in between.
TYPES OF MEDICAL COMPOUNDS1. Antipyretics-The chemical substances which are used to
lower the temperature of the body in high fever are called
antipyretics. For example- Aspirin, Paracetamol etc.
2. Analgesics- The chemical substances which are used to
relieve pain without causing impairment of consciousness,
mental confusion or paralysis are called Analgesics. For
example- Ibuprofen, naproxen
3. Tranquillizers-The chemical substances
used for the
treatment of stress, fatigue, mild and severe mental
diseases are called tranquillizers. For exampleImproniazid, Phenelzine etc.
4. Antiseptics & Disinfectants-Antiseptics The chemical
substances which are used to either kill or prevent the
growth of micro-organisms are called antiseptics. For
example-Furacin, soframycin etc.
5. Disinfectants-The chemical substances which are
used
to kill micro-organisms but they can not be applied on
living tissues. For example: Dettol
6. Antimicrobials- these are the chemical substance which
are used to cure infactions due to micro-organisms. For
example: azodye, salvarsan.
7. Antifertility drugs- these are the chemical substance used
to control preganancy. These are called oral
contraceptives. For example:ormeloxifene etc.
8. Antibiotics- these are the chemical substance which are
produced from micro-organisms and can inhibit the
growth or even can destroy the other nicronisms. For
example- penicillin G, ampicillin etc.
9. Antacids- the chemical substance which neutralize excess
acid in the gastric juices and give relief from acid
indigestion , acidity and heart burn are called antacids. For
example:magnesium hydroxide, magnesium trisilicates
etc.
10.
Antihistamines- these are the chemical substance
which diminish the mainaction of histamine released in
the body and hence prevent the allergic reactions. For
example:bromopheniramine etc.
11.
Anaesthetics- these are the chemical substance which
produce general or local insensibility to pains and othe
sensations.For example diethyl ethers etc.
Written by Jatinder Brar, Student of MAS Jivan Wala, faridkot with the help of modern’s abc of
chemistry.