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Chapter 13 Work and Energy
Study Guide
Section 1 Work, Power and Machines
Vocabulary:
work
joules
machine
mechanical advantage
input distance
output distance
power
input force
watt
output force
Important Ideas:
How is work calculated?
How are movement and work related?
What is the relationship between work and power?
How is power calculated?
How do machines make work easier?
How do you calculate mechanical advantage?
Section 2 Simple Machines
Vocabulary:
simple machines
simple inclined plane
inclined plane family
second-class lever
simple lever
wedge
arm
third-class lever
pulley
screw
fulcrum
block and tackle
Important Ideas:
What are the six types of simple machines?
What are the two principal parts of all levers?
What are the differences between different kinds of levers?
How are a wheel and axle a type of lever?
How does using an inclined plane change the force required to do work?
How are wedges and screws related to wedges?
What simple machines make up a pair of scissors?
wheel and axle
lever family
first-class lever
compound machine
Section 3 What is Energy?
Vocabulary:
energy
gravitational potential energy
chemical energy (CPE)
electric field
light energy
potential energy
kinetic energy
photosynthesis
electromagnetic waves
energy of position
mechanical energy
nuclear fission
electric potential
elastic potential energy
nonmechanical energy
nuclear fusion
magnetic fields
Important Ideas:
What is the relationship between energy and work?
Why is potential energy called energy of position?
How is potential energy calculated?
What factors does kinetic energy depend on?
How is kinetic energy calculated?
Why do atoms have kinetic energy?
What is nonmechanical energy?
How is chemical energy different from other kind of energy?
What does photosynthesis do?
How do nuclear reactions release energy?
How can energy can be stored?
Section 4 Conservation of Energy
Vocabulary:
law of conservation of energy
1st law of thermodynamics
perpetual motion machine
open system
efficiency
closed system
work input
Important Ideas:
How does energy change?
What forms can energy take?
What is the law of conservation of energy?
How does the law of conservation of energy relate to thermodynamics?
What is the difference between an open, closed, and isolated system?
How much of the work done by a machine is actually useful work?
What happens to work done that is not useful?
How do you calculate efficiency?
Why can a perpetual motion machine not exist on Earth?
Why do machines need energy input?
isolated system
useful work output