Download Continental Drift 1 The hypothesis that all the continents were once

Continental Drift
The hypothesis that all the continents
were once joined together in a single
land mass and have since slowly
drifted apart.
Pangaea
Landmass that broke apart 200 million
years ago and gave rise to today’s
continents.
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Mid-Ocean Ridge
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Sonar
Device to determine the distance of an
object underwater by recording
echoes of sound waves to map the sea
floor.
Sea Floor Spreading
The process by which molten material
add new oceanic crust slowly sink
toward the mantle.
Deep-Ocean Trench
A deep valley along the ocean floor
beneath which oceanic crust slowly
sinks toward the mantle.
Subduction
The process by which oceanic crust
sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench
and back into mantle.
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Plate
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An undersea mountain chain where
new ocean floor is produced.
A section of the lithosphere that
slowly moves over the asthenosphere,
carrying pieces of continental and
oceanic crust.
Plate Tectonics
This theory explains the formation,
movement, and subduction of earth’s
lithosphere.
Fault
A break or crack in Earth’s lithosphere
along which the rocks move.
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Divergent (Spreading)
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Boundary
The place where two plates move apart
Convergent (Colliding)
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Boundary
The place where two plates come
together, or collide.
Transform (sliding) boundary
A plate boundary where two plates
move past each other in opposite
directions.
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Rift Valley
Valley form where plates move apart.
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Alfred Wegener
The geologist whose hypothesis stated
that all the continents were once joined
together and have slowly drifted apart.
Seismic Waves
Vibrations that travel through Earth
carrying the energy released during an
earthquake.
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Pressure
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Crust
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The layer of rock that forms Earth’s
surface.
Mantle
The layer of hot, solid material between
Earth’s crust and core. It is where
convection currents occur.
Lithosphere
The layer of cold solid material between
Earth’s crust and core.
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Asthenosphere
The soft layer of the mantle on which
the lithosphere floats.
Outer Core
A layer of molten iron and nickel that
surrounds the inner core of the Earth.
Inner Core
A dense sphere of solid iron and nickel
at the center of Earth.
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The force exerted on a surface divided
by the toal area over which the force is
exerted.
Harry Hess
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J. Tuzo Wilson
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Fossil
The geologist whose theory stated that
the sea floor spreads along both sides of
the mid ocean ridge as new crust is
added. (Sea Floor Spreading)
The geologist whose theory stated that
the plates are in slow constant motion,
driven by convection currents in the
mantle. (Plate Tectonics)
A trace of an organism preserved in
rock.
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Granite
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This rock is light in color and density and
makes up much of the continental
crust
Basalt Rock
This rock is dark in color and makes up
most of the oceanic crust.
Mountain Range
A collision between two pieces of
continental lithosphere at a convergent
boundary produce a (blank)
Convection Currents
The main process by which the Earth’s
outer core and mantle transfer heat.
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Oceanic Crust
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A type of crust that slides below the
continental plate because it is more
dense.