Download CH-13 Sect 1

CHAPTER 13: GENETIC ENGINEERING
SECTION 13-1 (pg 319-321)
1.What is meant by selective breeding? _______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Circle the letter of each organism that has been produced by selective breeding.
a. horses
b. dogs
c. cats
d. potatoes
3. Complete the table describing the types of SELECTIVE BREEDING
Type
Description
Examples
Crossing dissimilar individuals to bring
together the best of both organisms
The continued breeding of individuals
with similar characteristics
4. Is the following sentence true or false? Hybrids are often hardier than either of the parents. _________________________
5. What are the risks of inbreeding? _________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Why are biologists interested in preserving the diversity of plants and animals in the wild? __________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. Breeders can increase the genetic variation by inducing _____________, which are the ultimate source of genetic variability.
8. Circle the letter of an inheritable change in DNA.
a. variation
b. trait
c. mutation
d. genotype
9. Is the following sentence true of false? Mutations cannot occur spontaneously. _________________________
10. Is the following sentence true of false? Scientists have produced bacteria that can digest oil. ________________________
SECTION 13-2 (pg 322-325)
11. What is genetic engineering? ____________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
12. Is the following true or false? Making changes to the DNA code is similar to changing the code of a computer program. ____
13. Scientists use their knowledge of the ___________________ of DNA and its ___________________ properties to study
and change DNA molecules.
14. Explain how biologists get DNA out of a cell. ______________________________________________________________
15. Biologists use ____________________________ to cut DNA molecules at a specific sequence of nucleotides to make
smaller fragments.
16. Circle the letter of the process by which DNA fragments are separated and analyzed.
a. gel electrophoresis
b. extraction
c. transformation
d. restriction
17. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about gel electrophoresis.
a. An electric voltage applied to the gel separates the DNA fragments.
b. DNA molecules are positively charged.
c. Gel electrophoresis is used to compare the genomes of different organisms.
d. Gel electrophoresis can be used to locate and identify one particular gene in an individual’s genome.
18. Is the following sentence true or false? The pattern of colored bands on an electrophoresis gel tells the exact sequence of
bases in DNA. ____
SECTION 13-3 (pg 327-329)
19. What occurs during transformation? (pg 327) _______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
20. Complete the following flow chart. See pages 327-328 and figure 13-10 of your book
Foreign DNA is joined to a(an) ________________,
which is a small circular DNA molecule found naturally
in some bacteria.
The culture is treated with a(an) ______________, a
compound that kills bacteria
Recombinant plasmids are mixed with bacterial cells.
Some bacterial cells take in the recombinant DNA by
the process of ___________________________
Only cells that have been transformed survive because
only they carry a(an) ______________ for antibiotic
resistance
21. Describe what occurs in a successful transformation of cells. ___________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
22. Describe how animal cells can be transformed by directly injecting DNA. ________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
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23. Is the following sentence true or false? Gene replacement has made it possible to identify the specific functions of genes in
many organisms. __________________________
SECTION 13-4 (pg 331-333)
24. What is a transgenic organism? ___________________________________________________________________________
25. What is a clone? ___________________________________________________________________________
26. List four ways in which transgenic animals have been used.
a. ____________________________________________________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________________________________________________
c. ____________________________________________________________________________________
d. ____________________________________________________________________________________
27. Circle the letter of each item that might soon be produced by transgenic plants.
a. human antibodies
b. rot-resistant foods
c. plastics
d. vitamin A-enriched rice