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Chapter 15 Toward Civil War (1840-1861) Section 4 Secession and War
Election of 1860
•The issue of ____________________ split the Democratic Party
•____________________ Democrats nominated Stephen Douglas
•____________________ Democrats (vowed to uphold slavery) nominated John C. Breckinridge
•Moderates formed the Constitutional ____________________ Party and nominated John Bell
•The Constitutional Union Party took no position on slavery
•The ____________________ nominated Abraham Lincoln
Election of 1860 Continued
•The Republicans’ platform was that slavery should be left undisturbed where it existed, but…
•Slavery should be ____________________ from the territories
•Many Southerners feared a Republican victory would encourage ____________________ revolts
•The Democrats were divided and ____________________ won a clear majority of electoral votes
•The vote went along sectional lines
•Lincoln’s name did not even appear on the ballot of many Southern states
•Lincoln won every ____________________ state
Attempt at Compromise
•The Republicans promised not to disturb slavery where it ____________________
•Many Southerners did not trust the Republican Party to protect their rights
•December 20, 1860- ________________________________________ seceded
•Other states debated secession
•US leaders worked for a ____________________
Attempt at Compromise Continued
•Kentucky Senator John Crittenden proposed Constitutional Amendments to protect slavery in territories below
____________________
•Republicans rejected the provision
•They just won on the principle that slavery would not ____________________ in any territories
•Lincoln wrote “the government shall be broken up unless we surrender to those we have beaten”
•Leaders in the South responded “We ____________________ upon every plan to compromise”
•One Southern leader said “No human power can ____________________ the Union”
The Confederacy
•By February 1861- Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, and Georgia (+South Carolina) had seceded
•February 4th- delegates from these states met to form a new ____________________
•The Confederate States of America with Jefferson ____________________ as their president
•Southerners justified secession with the theory of ________________________________________
•They argued that the states voluntarily entered the Union
The Confederacy Continued
•They defined the Constitution as a ____________________ among the independent states
•They believed the national government ___________ that contract by refusing to enforce the Fugitive Slave Act
•Also by denying Southern states equal rights in the territories
•Because of these reasons, the states had a ____________________ to leave the Union
Reaction to Secession
•Many Southerners welcomed secession
•They rang church bells and celebrated in the streets
•Other Southerners voiced ____________________ about the future
•Robert ____________________- “I only see that a fearful calamity is upon us”
•In the North, some abolitionists preferred to allow the Southern states to leave
•Many Northerners believed the Union must be preserved
•For Lincoln the issue was “whether in a free government the minority have the ____________________ to break
up the government whenever they choose”
Lincoln Takes Office
•Lincoln would not take office until March 4, 1861
•Buchanan was president and said that the Southern states had ______________ to secede from the Union, but…
•He had no ____________________ to stop them from doing so
•When Lincoln took office, people wondered what he would say and do
•What would happen in the slave states of Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri, and
Arkansas
•If the US used ____________________ against the Confederate States, the remaining slave states might secede
Lincoln Takes Office Continued
•In his Inaugural Address, Lincoln spoke to the seceding states directly
•Lincoln mixed toughness with words of ____________________
•Lincoln said secession would not be permitted
•“The Union of these States is ____________________ (forever)”
•Lincoln vowed to hold federal property in the South
•Including ____________________ and military installations
•Also was going to enforce the law of the US
Fort Sumter
•Confederate forces started taking U.S. forts within their states
•Lincoln didn’t want to start a war, but allowing the Confederates to keep them would amount to admitting their
____________________ to secede
•The day he took office he received a message from the commander of Fort Sumter
•Fort Sumter was a fort on an island guarding ____________________ Harbor
•The message warned that the fort was low on supplies and the ____________________ demanded its surrender
Lincoln’s Response to Fort Sumter
•Lincoln responded with a message to Governor Francis Pickens of South Carolina
•Lincoln said he was sending an ____________________ group with supplies to Fort Sumter
•Lincoln promised that the US forces would not “throw in men, arms, or ammunition” unless they were
____________________ upon
•Lincoln left the decision to ____________________ shooting up to the Confederates
•Jefferson Davis ordered his forces to attack Fort Sumter ____________________ the supplies arrived
Fort Sumter Under Fire
•Confederate guns opened fire on April 12th, 1861
•High seas kept Union relief ships from reaching the fort
•Fort Sumter ____________________ on April 14th
•1000s of shots were fired, but there was ____________________ of life
•President Lincoln issued a call for troops, and volunteers quickly signed up
•Meanwhile, Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas voted to join the Confederacy
•The ________________________________________ had begun
Essential Question
What role did the theory of states’ rights play in the outbreak of the Civil War?
- The theory held that the Constitution was a ____________________ among independent states, which
the states agreed to voluntarily.
- When the federal government violated the rights of the states, as Southerners believed it had, the contract
was ____________________.
-Southerners used this theory to ____________________ secession