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MODERN GENETICS REVIEW II – HONORS
1. Briefly describe the process of selective breeding and provide an example of how a
farmer might make use of this practice.
2. A scientist decided to clone a human being. He obtained an egg cell from his wife and
removed the nucleus, while at the same time, obtained a liver cell nucleus from his
daughter. He inserted the liver cell nucleus into the egg cell and provided it with the
proper hormones to develop into an embryo. He then inserted the embryo into his
sister’s uterus. 9 months later his sister gave birth to a healthy baby girl. Who is this
baby genetically identical to? (PROVIDE AN EXPLANATION FOR YOUR
REPSONSE!)
3. Briefly explain why clones from the same organism may NOT appear identical.
4. Consider the following diagram of a process used in genetic research:
a. What is the name of the process used to make this diagram?
b. Briefly explain the FIRST step in creating the outcome above.
c. What is responsible for the movement of DNA across the gel pictured above?
d. What determines how far the DNA fragments will move across the gel?
e. In the diagram above, indicate which bands would contain the largest fragments
of DNA and which bands would contain the smallest fragments of DNA.
f. Provide two practical uses of gel electrophoresis
g. In the gel diagram above, the four DNA samples were obtained from four
different individuals. Explain how this is evident from the results shown in the
diagram.
5. Consider the following diagram of a process used in genetic research:
a. Identify the process shown above.
b. Explain the role that enzymes played in creating structures A + B
c. Identify the recombinant DNA in the diagram above. How is recombinant DNA
different from the usual DNA you would find within a given organism?
d. Provide one specific example of a substance that may be produced using the
procedure diagramed above and identify a person who would benefit from such
a substance.
6. Using the Universal Genetic Code Chart, fill in the missing amino acid sequence for
species C and the missing mRNA sequence for species B in the chart below:
According to these amino acid sequences, which two plant species are the most closely
related? Support your answer.
7. In a certain species of artic fox, exposure to extended periods of cold temperatures will
cause their fur to change from the normal brown to white. Provide a biological explanation
for this apparent change in the organism’s traits.