Download Chapter 7 and 8 Test Review

Name____________________________ Date___________________ Hour_______
Chapter 7 and 8 Test Review
1. Where are the youngest rocks on the ocean floor located? Near the mid-ocean
ridge
2. How fast do the plates move? 1cm—12 cm per year
3. How do the plates of the lithosphere move? Slide on the taffy-like asthenosphere
4. Where can you see the results of plate movement? At the plate boundaries
5. What evidence supports the hypothesis of continental drift? Puzzle like fit of
continents, the presence of the same rocks and fossils on several continents
6. What can be found by examining the alignment of iron minerals in rocks when
they are formed? Alternating magnetic field
7. Why didn’t scientists believe Pangaea existed? Not enough evidence at the time
8. How did the Andes mountain range form? Convergent boundary
9. Understand how to read a plate boundary map.
10. How is the Richter scale measured? Measures the amplitude of earthquake
waves
11. Who was Alfred Wegner? Proposed continental drift
12. What does Pangaea mean? All land
13. What was the Glomar Challenger used to do? Gathered information about rocks
on the seafloor
14. What is the difference between a divergent and convergent boundary? At a
divergent boundary, plates move apart. At a convergent boundary, plates move
together.
15. Why have glacial deposits been found near Africa? The continents were once
joined together and have drifted to their current locations (continental drift)
16. Why do sidewalks need to be repaired often around fault lines? The ground
constantly shifts along the fault lines because of the earthquakes.
17. List 3 dangers that people face during a volcanic eruption. Magma, pyroclastic
flow, volcanic ash
Name____________________________ Date___________________ Hour_______
18. List 4 steps that occur during an earthquake.
a.
b.
c.
d.
As the tectonic plates move, the rocks have tension forces acting on them
The rocks stretch and bend
The rocks stretch beyond their elastic limit
The rocks snap, releasing energy
19. Why is the rock cycle considered a cycle? You begin and end with the same
amount of material.
20. Know the following vocabulary words and how to apply them:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
lithosphere—crust and upper part of the mantle
asthenosphere—the taffy-like lower part of the mantle
convergent boundary—plates move together
divergent boundary—plates move apart
transform boundary—plates slide past each other
subduction zone—a heavier plate sinks underneath a less dense plate
seafloor spreading—when molten material beneath Earth’s surface rises to
the surface
h. convection currents—the rising and sinking of air within Earth
i. seismic waves--earthquake waves
j. tsunamis—seismic sea wave
k. primary (p) waves—smallest and fastest waves
l. secondary (s) waves—medium sized waves
m. surface (r ) waves—largest and most destructive waves
n. lava—molten rock on Earth’s surface
o. magma—molten rock beneath Earth’s surface
p. composite volcano—large volcano made of alternating layers of ashes and
hardened lava; can explode or ooze
q. shield volcano—broad, flat volcano that is made of layers of hardened
lava
r. cinder cone volcano—cone shaped hills or mountains that throw out
magma, solids, and gas
s. rock cycle—cycling of metamorphic, sedimentary, and igneous rock
t. mid-ocean ridge—place where new seafloor rises to Earth’s surface
u. continental drift—theory that states that the continents have drifted to their
current locations
v. weathering—the breaking down of Earth’s surface
w. erosion—the carrying away of Earth’s surface due to wind, water, or
gravity
x. deposition—the dropping off of sediment
y. sediment—tiny pieces of rock
z. delta—landform formed at the base of a river from deposition
aa. earthquake—large vibrations caused by rocks breaking under stress
bb. seismograph—instrument that measures earthquake waves