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1 Unit 1 The Nervous System Study Guide ○ Explain the basic structure and function of the central nervous system Included: - brain - spinal cord ○ Explain how the nervous system is protected. Include: - skull - meninges - cerebrospinal fluid ○ Explain the basic structure and function of the brain. Include: - cerebrum - cerebellum - medulla oblongata - thalamus - hypothalamus - midbrain - pons - corpus callosum ○ describe the basic functions of a peripheral nervous system. Include: - autonomic - sympathetic nervous system - parasympathetic nervous system - somatic 2 ○ Explain how the nervous system helps to maintain homeostasis ○ Identify requirements necessary for a nervous response to occur. Include: - sensory receptors (skin, eye, ear) - impulse transmission (neuron impulses) - interpretation and analysis of impulses (brain, spinal cord) - effectors (muscle, gland) ○ describe the structure of the typical neuron and explain the function of each part. Include: - dendrite - cell body - axon - axon terminal - Schwann cells (myelin sheath and nodes of Ranvier) ○ Describe the function of neurons, motor neurons and interneurons ○ Describe the transmission of a nerve impulse along the length of a neuron. Include: - the ion distribution of the neural membrane (rest, depolarization and repolarization) - threshold - action potential - all-or-none response ○ Describe the transmission of an impulse across a synapse and the effects of neurotransmitters involved. Include: - Acetylcholine - noradrenaline 3 - glutamate - GABA - dopamine - serotonin ○ Describe the critical role of cholinesterase in nerve transmission. ○ Describe disorders linked to the nervous system and their effect on homeostasis of the system and the organism as a whole. Include: - Multiple Sclerosis - Alzheimer’s Disease - Parkinson’s Disease - Meningitis - Huntington’s Disease ○ Discuss the technologies related used to diagnose nervous system disorders. Include: - MRI - EEG - CAT Scan - PET Scan STSE – Drugs and Homeostasis ○ Describe how the use of prescription and non-prescription drugs can have a role in maintaining or disrupting homeostasis. Include: - anaesthetics - prescription drugs (OxyContin, Valium, Ritalin) - illegal drugs (marijuana, ecstasy, cocaine) - legalized drugs ( alcohol, nicotine, caffeine) 4 ○ Explain how the eye as a sense organ helps maintain homeostasis. ○ Describe the general structure and function of the eye. Include: - lens - iris - retina - cornea - choroid layer - fovea centralis - rods - cones - pupil - blind spot - optic spot - aqueous humor - vitreous humor ○ Trace the path of light through the eye and explain how the amount of light entering the eye is regulated ○ Identify eye disorders. Include: - glaucoma - cataracts - astigmatism - myopia - hyperopia ○ Identify treatments for eye disorders. Include: - corneal transplant - laser surgery 5 - corrective lenses - lens replacement ○ Describe the general function and structure of the ear. Include: - pinna - tympanic membrane - ossicles (malleus, incus and stapes) - Eustachian tube - semi-circular canals - cochlea - auditory nerve Remember the test is scheduled for Monday, Oct 24th.