Download CELLS STUDY GUIDE

Name: ________________________________________ Date: __________ Block: __________
Cells Test Review
Microscope:
To find total magnification, multiply eyepiece by objective.
Ex. Eyepiece = 10X, Low power = 25X, then total = __________________
Cell Scientists:
Complete the following chart to identify the contributions made by each scientist to the Cell Theory.
Scientist
Contribution
Robert Hooke
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Rudolf Virchow
Matthias Schleiden
Thomas Schwann
Cell Theory: (3 parts)
1. All living things are made of ________________________________.
2. _____________________ are the basic unit of organization of organisms.
3. All cells come from __________________________ cells.
Cell Types:
1. Define prokaryote:_____________________________________________________________
- ex. bacteria
2. Define eukaryote:______________________________________________________________
- ex. Plants, animals
3. Name 2 organelles a plant cell has and an animal cell doesn’t have. ___________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
4. Name 1 organelle an animal cell has that helps in animal cell division. _________________________
5. Describe the difference between vacuoles in plant cells and animal cells. ________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Cell Parts:
____1. Produces ribosomes; located inside the nucleus
____2. Produces proteins; smallest organelle
____3. Controls all organelles; contains DNA/chromatin
____4. Maintains homeostasis by allowing materials in / out of the cell
_____5. Produces and transports proteins; covered in ribosomes
_____6. Contains digestive enzymes to break down old organelles, bacteria, viruses
_____7. Maintains shape in all cells
_____8. Used in animal cell division
_____9. Made of cellulose in plants; provides extra support
_____10. Breaks down food into ATP energy; powerhouse
_____11. Produces and transports lipids
_____12. Uncondensed DNA found in the nucleus
_____13. Absorbs sunlight and converts it to the chemical energy found in glucose
_____14. Allows materials in and out of the nucleus
_____15. Short hair-like fibers that help cells move
_____16. Long tail-like fivers that help cells move
a. cell membrane
b. cell wall
c. centriole
d. chromatin
e. chloroplast
f. cytoplasm
g. cytoskeleton
h. Rough ER
i. Smooth ER
j. Golgi
k. lysosome
l. mitochondria
m. nucleus
n. nucleolus
o. ribosome
p. vacuole
q. nuclear
envelope/membrane
r. cilia
s. flagella
_____17. Site of many chemical reactions; gel-like material that holds organelles
_____18. Stores food, water, and waste
_____19. Packages and sorts proteins and lipids
Review:
1. You discover a cell with chloroplasts and a cell wall. Which type of organism does this belong to?
_______________________
2. Which is more complex a prokaryote or eukaryote? Why? ___________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. What type of cells do humans have? Plant or animal, prokaryote or eukaryote? _____________
______________________________________________________________________
4. Organelle  cells  _____________ organs  ____________________  organism
Cell Membrane:
1. List the three components (parts) of a cell membrane
a. _______________________________________________________________
b. _____________________________________________________________________
c. _____________________________________________________________________
2. What does it mean to say the cell membrane is made up of a phospholipid bilayer? _________________
____________________________________________________________________________
3. What is the function of cholesterol in the cell membrane? __________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
4. What is the function of protein in the cell membrane? ____________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
5. Explain how the phospholipid bilayer is selectively permeable. What does it allow into the cell and why
does it only allow these molecules into the cell? ___________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
6. Given the following pictures of a membrane and label the following:
a. protein hydrophilic section(s)
d. cholesterol
b. protein hydrophobic section(s)
e. proteins
c. phospholipid (phosphate) head
f. fatty acid tails
7. Explain the “fluid mosaic model” of the cell membrane. ___________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Cellular Transport:
1. Define passive transport: __________________________________________________
2. Define the three types of passive transport:
a. diffusion: __________________________________________________________
b. osmosis:___________________________________________________________

Water always moves towards an area of _______________ [solute].
c. facilitated diffusion: ___________________________________________________
3. What direction do molecules move in passive transport? ____________________________
4. hypertonic: more water ______________ the cell, water leaves and the cell ______________
5. hypotonic: more water_______________ the cell, water enters and the cell ______________
6. isotonic: water equal inside and outside cell, and the cell ____________________________
7. Label the following as hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic. Indicate whether the cell will swell, shrink, or
stay the same in size.
__________________
_________________
__________________
__________________
_________________
__________________
8. Define active transport: _________________________________________________________
9. What direction do molecules move in active transport?____________________________________
10. Define the three types of active transport:
a. Pumps/Channels: _____________________ are used to transport materials against the
concentration gradient
b. endocytosis: ______________________________________________________________

pinocytosis: _________________________________________________________

phagocytosis: ________________________________________________________
c. exocytosis:________________________________________________________________
11. Identify the type of transport below.
Gradient?
Direction?
Passive/Active?
Gradient?
Direction?
Passive/Active?
Type?
Type?
12. Give 1 similarity & 1 difference between:
a. Diffusion & facilitated diffusion
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
b. Facilitated diffusion & active transport
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
11. Identify the type of transport below:
Gradient?
Gradient?
Gradient?
Gradient?
Direction?
Direction?
Direction?
Direction?
Passive/Active?
Passive/Active?
Passive/Active?
Passive/Active?
Type?
Type?
Type?
Type?
Cell Labeling:
1. Label the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells below.