Download Enzyme Reading - BizierDiemHonorsBiology

Enzyme Reading (H)
Enzyme Reading (H)
Enzyme Reading (H)
To start a chemical reaction, it is first necessary
to weaken chemical bonds in the reactant
molecules. This activation process requires that
the molecules absorb energy. For example, to
burn a candle you need to provide the initial
energy with a match. This "start-up" energy is
called activation energy because it activates the
reactants and triggers a chemical reaction.
To start a chemical reaction, it is first necessary
to weaken chemical bonds in the reactant
molecules. This activation process requires that
the molecules absorb energy. For example, to
burn a candle you need to provide the initial
energy with a match. This "start-up" energy is
called activation energy because it activates the
reactants and triggers a chemical reaction.
To start a chemical reaction, it is first necessary
to weaken chemical bonds in the reactant
molecules. This activation process requires that
the molecules absorb energy. For example, to
burn a candle you need to provide the initial
energy with a match. This "start-up" energy is
called activation energy because it activates the
reactants and triggers a chemical reaction.
Cellular reactions depend on the assistance of
catalysts, compounds that speed up chemical
reactions. The main catalysts of chemical
reactions in organisms are specialized proteins
called enzymes.
Cellular reactions depend on the assistance of
catalysts, compounds that speed up chemical
reactions. The main catalysts of chemical
reactions in organisms are specialized proteins
called enzymes.
Cellular reactions depend on the assistance of
catalysts, compounds that speed up chemical
reactions. The main catalysts of chemical
reactions in organisms are specialized proteins
called enzymes.
Enzymes provide a way for reactions to occur at
the cell's normal temperature. An enzyme
doesn't supply activation energy to the reacting
molecules, but instead lowers the energy
requirement barrier so that the reaction can
proceed at normal cell temperatures.
Enzymes provide a way for reactions to occur at
the cell's normal temperature. An enzyme
doesn't supply activation energy to the reacting
molecules, but instead lowers the energy
requirement barrier so that the reaction can
proceed at normal cell temperatures.
Enzymes provide a way for reactions to occur at
the cell's normal temperature. An enzyme
doesn't supply activation energy to the reacting
molecules, but instead lowers the energy
requirement barrier so that the reaction can
proceed at normal cell temperatures.
How Enzymes Work
Just how does an enzyme catalyze only one
type of reaction? The reason is that the shape
of each enzyme fits the shape of only particular
reactant molecules. A specific reactant acted
upon by an enzyme is called the enzyme's
substrate. The substrate fits into a particular
region of the enzyme, called the active site.
How Enzymes Work
Just how does an enzyme catalyze only one
type of reaction? The reason is that the shape
of each enzyme fits the shape of only particular
reactant molecules. A specific reactant acted
upon by an enzyme is called the enzyme's
substrate. The substrate fits into a particular
region of the enzyme, called the active site.
How Enzymes Work
Just how does an enzyme catalyze only one
type of reaction? The reason is that the shape
of each enzyme fits the shape of only particular
reactant molecules. A specific reactant acted
upon by an enzyme is called the enzyme's
substrate. The substrate fits into a particular
region of the enzyme, called the active site.
Figure on the back of this paper follows the
action of the enzyme sucrase, which catalyzes
the hydrolysis of sucrose (the substrate). (Most
enzymes have names that end in -ase.) Sucrose
is slightly distorted as it enters the active site.
The weakened bond reacts with water. The
result is two products: a glucose molecule and a
Figure on the back of this paper follows the
action of the enzyme sucrase, which catalyzes
the hydrolysis of sucrose (the substrate). (Most
enzymes have names that end in -ase.) Sucrose
is slightly distorted as it enters the active site.
The weakened bond reacts with water. The
result is two products: a glucose molecule and a
Figure on the back of this paper follows the
action of the enzyme sucrase, which catalyzes
the hydrolysis of sucrose (the substrate). (Most
enzymes have names that end in -ase.) Sucrose
is slightly distorted as it enters the active site.
The weakened bond reacts with water. The
result is two products: a glucose molecule and a
fructose molecule. Once these products are
released, the enzyme's active site is ready to
accept another molecule of sucrose. In fact, this
recycling ability is a key characteristic of
enzymes.
fructose molecule. Once these products are
released, the enzyme's active site is ready to
accept another molecule of sucrose. In fact, this
recycling ability is a key characteristic of
enzymes.
fructose molecule. Once these products are
released, the enzyme's active site is ready to
accept another molecule of sucrose. In fact, this
recycling ability is a key characteristic of
enzymes.
A substrate binds to an enzyme at an active site.
The enzyme-substrate interaction lowers the
activation energy required for the reaction to
proceed. In this example, water is added to the
weakened bond in sucrose, breaking sucrose
into glucose and fructose.
A substrate binds to an enzyme at an active site.
The enzyme-substrate interaction lowers the
activation energy required for the reaction to
proceed. In this example, water is added to the
weakened bond in sucrose, breaking sucrose
into glucose and fructose.
A substrate binds to an enzyme at an active site.
The enzyme-substrate interaction lowers the
activation energy required for the reaction to
proceed. In this example, water is added to the
weakened bond in sucrose, breaking sucrose
into glucose and fructose.
As with any other protein, an enzyme's
structure and shape are essential to its
function. And like other proteins, an enzyme's
shape is sensitive to changes in its surrounding
environment. Therefore, factors such as pH and
temperature can greatly affect how well an
enzyme works or if it can work at all. This is one
reason why cells (and hence organisms) can
only survive and function within certain ranges
of conditions.
As with any other protein, an enzyme's
structure and shape are essential to its
function. And like other proteins, an enzyme's
shape is sensitive to changes in its surrounding
environment. Therefore, factors such as pH and
temperature can greatly affect how well an
enzyme works or if it can work at all. This is one
reason why cells (and hence organisms) can
only survive and function within certain ranges
of conditions.
As with any other protein, an enzyme's
structure and shape are essential to its
function. And like other proteins, an enzyme's
shape is sensitive to changes in its surrounding
environment. Therefore, factors such as pH and
temperature can greatly affect how well an
enzyme works or if it can work at all. This is one
reason why cells (and hence organisms) can
only survive and function within certain ranges
of conditions.
Worksheet for Enzyme
Worksheet for Enzyme
Worksheet for Enzyme
1. Explain the role of activation energy in a
reaction. How does an enzyme affect
activation energy?
2. Describe how a substrate interacts with an
enzyme.
1. Explain the role of activation energy in a
reaction. How does an enzyme affect
activation energy?
2. Describe how a substrate interacts with an
enzyme.
1. Explain the role of activation energy in a
reaction. How does an enzyme affect
activation energy?
2. Describe how a substrate interacts with an
enzyme.
Step 1.
1. Molecule C is a large protein (or several
proteins together) that we call an
________________.
2. Molecules A and B are called substrate, and
are usually _______________ or building
blocks of larger macromolecules.
3. Which of the four major biological
macromolecules is C made of?
Step 2.
1. Is molecule C breaking apart (decomposing)
or building (synthesizing) a macromolecule?
2. If a solution is too acidic or basic, molecule
C can ________________ or change it shape
so that A and B will no longer fit.
Step 1.
1. Molecule C is a large protein (or several
proteins together) that we call an
________________.
2. Molecules A and B are called substrate, and
are usually _______________ or building
blocks of larger macromolecules.
3. Which of the four major biological
macromolecules is C made of?
Step 2.
1. Is molecule C breaking apart (decomposing)
or building (synthesizing) a macromolecule?
2. If a solution is too acidic or basic, molecule
C can ________________ or change it shape
so that A and B will no longer fit.
Step 1.
1. Molecule C is a large protein (or several
proteins together) that we call an
________________.
2. Molecules A and B are called substrate, and
are usually _______________ or building
blocks of larger macromolecules.
3. Which of the four major biological
macromolecules is C made of?
Step 2.
1. Is molecule C breaking apart (decomposing)
or building (synthesizing) a macromolecule?
2. If a solution is too acidic or basic, molecule
C can ________________ or change it shape
so that A and B will no longer fit.
Step 3.
1. What will happen to molecule C now that
the reaction is complete?
2. What are two things that affect how fast
molecule C works?
3. Molecule D is made of building blocks
represented by A and B. If D represents a
polysaccharide, A and B would represent
___________________.
Step 3.
1. What will happen to molecule C now that
the reaction is complete?
2. What are two things that affect how fast
molecule C works?
3. Molecule D is made of building blocks
represented by A and B. If D represents a
polysaccharide, A and B would represent
___________________.
Step 3.
1. What will happen to molecule C now that
the reaction is complete?
2. What are two things that affect how fast
molecule C works?
3. Molecule D is made of building blocks
represented by A and B. If D represents a
polysaccharide, A and B would represent
___________________.
Now go back to your picture (front) and label
the substrate(s), product(s), enzyme, and
active site.
Now go back to your picture (front) and label
the substrate(s), product(s), enzyme, and
active site.
Now go back to your picture (front) and label
the substrate(s), product(s), enzyme, and
active site.
Analyzing Graphs Use the graph to answer
the questions below.
a. At which temperature does enzyme A
perform best? Enzyme B?
b. Knowing that one of these enzymes is
found in humans and the other in
thermophilic (heat-loving) bacteria,
hypothesize which enzyme came from which
organism.
c. Propose a hypothesis that explains why the
rate of the reaction catalyzed by enzyme A
slows down at temperatures above 40°C.
Analyzing Graphs Use the graph to answer
the questions below.
a. At which temperature does enzyme A
perform best? Enzyme B?
b. Knowing that one of these enzymes is
found in humans and the other in
thermophilic (heat-loving) bacteria,
hypothesize which enzyme came from which
organism.
c. Propose a hypothesis that explains why the
rate of the reaction catalyzed by enzyme A
slows down at temperatures above 40°C.
Analyzing Graphs Use the graph to answer
the questions below.
a. At which temperature does enzyme A
perform best? Enzyme B?
b. Knowing that one of these enzymes is
found in humans and the other in
thermophilic (heat-loving) bacteria,
hypothesize which enzyme came from which
organism.
c. Propose a hypothesis that explains why the
rate of the reaction catalyzed by enzyme A
slows down at temperatures above 40°C.