Download Unit 3 Guided Notes

Name: __________________________________________
Mrs. Piper: Unified Biology 1
Date: ____________________
Period: ______________
Unit 3
Nutrients of Life
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A. Why do organisms need nutrients?
1. ________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________________________
5. _________________________________________________________________
B. There are different types of nutrients – organic and inorganic – both are found in
cells and allow them to perform reactions to maintain life.
1. Inorganic Compounds: ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Examples: ___________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
a. Water
 Has many important functions to maintain internal balance
 Up to _____________ of our bodies are water!
b. Minerals
 Used in organisms to help perform certain functions.
 Examples: _____________________________________________________________
2. Organic Compounds: ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Types: 1. ___________________________________ 2. _____________________________________
3. ___________________________________ 4. _____________________________________
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1. Carbohydrates
Examples
Building Blocks
Uses
Elements
Chemical Indicator and Results
2. Lipids (fats)
Examples
Building Blocks
Uses
Elements
Chemical Indicator and Results
3. Proteins
 Carry out most of the work in a cell.
 Protein molecules are long, folded chains made of 20 different
_____________________________________ in a specific sequence.
o
The order of the amino acids determines the ________________ of the
protein.
o
The _______________________ of a protein depends on its shape!
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Proteins
Examples
Building Blocks
Uses
Elements
Chemical Indicator and Results
How do our cells use these nutrients??? Sometimes, an enzyme is used to help break
them down or put them together!
C. Enzymes
 Enzymes are ____________________________________ molecules that act as biological
_____________________________ (reusable!).
 They are necessary for ALL chemical reactions to occur in cells!
 Enzymes have a specific ________________________ that allows it to act on a specific
molecule ___________________________
 Some enzymes help to build larger molecules by joining substrates
together
 Other enzymes help to break substrates apart
 ______________________________________________ - where the enzymes joins
with the substrate
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Thought Question:
Why might enzyme action be referred to as the ‘Lock and Key Model’ for enzyme
action???
Answer: ________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
 The rate at which enzymes work can be influenced by internal factors (inside
your body)
1. ________________________________________________________________
o At high or low temperatures, enzymes may _______________________________ Enzyme changes __________________________ so it does not fit with the
substrate
o The reaction may slow down or stop
The OPTIMUM (best) temperature for this
enzyme is _________ degrees Celsius.
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According to the graph, what is
the optimum temperature for
the human bacteria? _________
For the bacteria in the hot
springs? ____________
2. ________________________________________________________________________
o The pH an enzyme works best in is different for each enzyme
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Optimum for typical
human enzymes:
____________
Optimum for heattolerant bacteria:
____________
pH for pepsin:
____________
pH for trypsin:
____________
D. Reactions in Cells
 Chemical reactions are constantly occurring in cells, and they require ___________
 These reactions allow cells to build new molecules and break others down in
order to maintain homeostasis.
 The major reactions are called _________________________ and _________________________
1. ____________________________________________
 __________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________ with the use of enzymes
 When joining the pieces together, ___________________________________
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Synthesis:
2. _____________________________________________
 __________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________ with the use of
enzymes
 Occurs in digestion
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