Download Chapter 3 Review Questions

Chapter 2 Review Sheet
Name:_______________________
1. DNA and RNA are examples of ___nucleic acids______________.
2. Carbohydrates and lipids both contain the elements ____carbon__________,
__hydrogen__________, and ________oxygen_________.
3. Proteins are made of ___amino acids________________
4. __polynucleotides or nucleic acids____________ are made of nucleotides.
5. Examples of lipids include _____fats/oils, waxes, hormones (steroids) ________.
6. Sugars and starches are examples of ____carbohydrates_________________.
7. This fat is a solid at room temperature__saturated (animal fats)___________.
8. Nucleic acids are important because they contain your __genetic information__________.
9. ___Proteins______________ build living tissue and help in chemical reactions.
10. _____Lipids___________ are a source of long-term stored energy.
11. Organic molecules that have the same chemical formula but different structural arrangements
are called __isomers_________.
12. Carbohydrates are important because they __are the main source of energy for living things.
13. Meat, eggs, soy, and beans contain _proteins________.
14. Fruits, vegetables, cereal, and pasta contain _carbohydrates______________.
15. Lipids could be found in these foods: ___meat, vegetables (v. oil), grains (corn oil)_______.
16. Amino acids are linked by __peptide bonds___________.
17. The __”R”______ group attached to an amino acid determines what kind of amino acid is
present of the 20.
18. Proteins will not function properly if they have the wrong __shape__________.
19. An ___enzyme__________ is made of proteins and catalyzes reactions
20. Monomers are linked together by the process of _____dehydration synthesis __________.
21. Polymers are broken apart by the process of ___hydrolysis________________.
22. The monomer of a nucleic acid is called a ____nucleotide_______________________.
23. The three parts that make up a nucleotide include _____phosphate group_________,
_______5 carbon sugar____________ and ____nitrogenous base__________.
24. Carbon can bond with so many other things because it has ____4____ valence electrons.
25. Draw an amino acid and label the three main parts that comprise the amino acid.
R Group
26. Explain why people are lactose intolerant. Be sure to include lactose, lactase, and
disaccharide in your response.
People who are lactose intolerant cannot digest the sugar known as lactose. Lactose is a
disaccharide found in milk and products derived from milk. The lactose intolerant person cannot
breakdown lactose into two monosaccharides because they do not have the enzyme lactase.
Lactose passes through their system causing digestion problems.
30. Differentiate between starch, glycogen and cellulose.
Starch – polysaccharide, consisting of many straight chain glucose units connected together.
How plants store energy.
Glycogen – polysaccharide, many glucose units connected together in branched chains, energy
storage molecule for animals – we store glycogen in our liver.
Cellulose - polysaccharide, many glucose units connected in straight chains and laterally
connected through hydrogen bonding. Primarily found in plants, very strong, provides rigidity
and structure. Resembles woven material. Hard for us to digest (lettuce)
31. Look at the images below. Label the following: monosaccharide, disaccharide,
polysaccharide, amino acid, nucleotide, saturated fatty acid, unsaturated fatty acid,
polyunsaturated fatty acid, and triglyceride (fat).
Monosaccharide
polysaccharide (cellulose)
Disaccharide
Amino Acid
Saturated fatty acid
Fat (triglyceride)
Unsaturated fatty acid
Polysaccharide
Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Nucleotide
Monosaccharide