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XBIO: EVOLUTION GUIDED READING
(CHAPTER 16)
DIRECTIONS: Using your textbook, please answer the following questions.
Chapter 16 – Population Genetics and Speciation
Section 1 – Genetic Equilibrium
1. What is population genetics?
2. What is another name for evolution at the genetic level?
3. What are two examples of traits that tend to show variation that follow a bell curve pattern?
4. A bell curve illustrates that _________ members of a population have _____________ values
for a given, measureable trait. Only a ________ individuals display ______________ variations
of the trait.
5. What are the three main ways variations in genotype arise?
6. What is a gene pool?
7. What is the allele frequency?
8. What is phenotype frequency?
9. Look at Figure 16-3 on page 319.
 How many different phenotypes are there?

What are the phenotype frequencies?

How many alleles are there?

What are the allele frequencies?
10. What are the five assumptions that must be met to maintain genetic equilibrium?
Section 2 – Disruption of Genetic Equilibrium
11. How can mutations affect genetic equilibrium?
12. Can mutations be beneficial?
13. What are the two ways genes can move into/out of a population?
14. What is gene flow?
15. What is genetic drift?
16. Does genetic drift affect large or small populations more? Explain why.
17. What is nonrandom mating?
18. What are the three general patterns of natural selection? Draw a graph that depicts each type.
Section 3 – Formation of Species
19. What is speciation?
20. What does speciation begin with?
21. What are the two types of isolation?
22. What type of isolation leads to allopatric speciation?
23. What type of isolation leads to sympatric speciation?
24. What are the two proposed rates at which speciation occurs?