Download Social Structure and Society - Coach Simpson`s Sociology Class Site

SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND
SOCIETY
Chapter 5

Objective: explain what sociologists
mean by social structure.
Preview: The underlying pattern of
social relationships in a group is
called social structure. Status is one
very important element of social
structure. Ascribed statuses are
assigned at birth; achieved statuses
are earned or chosen.
SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND STATUS

Objectives for
Section 1 &
Section Preview
ON YOUR OWN, DEFINE THE
FOLLOWING VOCABULARY WORDS:
Social Structure
 Status
 Ascribed Status
 Achieved Status
 Status Set
 Master Status

LIST EXAMPLES FOR THE
FOLLOWING:
Ascribed Status
Male/Female (Sex)
 Age
 Lower/Middle/Upper
Class (@ Birth)
 Religion
(Birth/Culture)

Achieved Status
Husband/Wife
(Marital Status)
 Father/Mother
(Parents)
 Teacher/Doctor
(Employment)

GIVE YOUR OWN STATUS SET
Ascribed
Achieved










HOW DOES MASTER STATUS
INFLUENCE YOUR LIFE?
Where we live
 How we live
 How long we live
 How far we can go in
our career
?
?
?

SECTION 1 RECAP
Social
Structure and Status
 Main Idea: The underlying
pattern of social relationships
in a group is called social
structure. Ascribed statuses
are assigned at birth; achieved
statuses are earned or chosen.
Objectives:
discuss how statuses and roles are
related to social structure.
 identify and illustrate the concepts of
social structure.


Preview People interact according to
prescribed roles. These roles carry
certain rights and obligations.
Sometimes conflict or strain occurs
when an individual has too many
roles to play.
SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND ROLES

Objectives for
Section 2 &
Section Preview
MORE VOCABULARY FOR YOU TO
DEFINE AND KNOW.
Role
 Rights
 Obligations
 Role Performance
 Social Interaction
 Role Conflict
 Role Strain

HOW ARE ROLES DIFFERENT FROM
STATUS?

Role:

A described behavior

Teaching students the
main ideas of
sociological studies.

Status

A described position

An instructor of
sociology.
Why would these be mistaken and how can they be confused?
HOW DO RIGHTS & OBLIGATIONS
WORK TOGETHER?

Teacher is obligated to
be prepared with a
lesson on a daily basis,
while the student has
the the right to expect
the teacher to be
prepared with the
lesson.


Culture underlies the
parts played in real life.
Give another example of
this principle in your
own words.
TRUE/ FALSE: SOCIAL INTERACTION
DOES NOT HELP TO IDENTIFY ROLE
PERFORMANCE.

False


Why is this the case?
Give examples to
support your answers
HOW IS ACTING DIFFERENT FROM
ROLE PERFORMANCE?
1. Role performance occurs without planning
 2. Departures are not easy to detect between role
and role performance
 3. Relationship between cues & responses not
programmed or predictable


Cultural norms keep responses limited
COPY THE FOLLOWING CHART IN YOUR
NOTES. GIVE AN EXAMPLE FROM YOUR
OWN LIFE THAT DEMONSTRATES THIS
PRINCIPLE.
IN WHAT WAYS DO WE MANAGE
ROLE CONFLICT & ROLE STRAIN?


Prioritize choose
which is more
important and act
accordingly
Segregation
separate behavior in
one role from that in
another

Meeting goals &
expectations for all
roles is impossible.

Not accomplishing
some will be ok for a
while, but at some
point it will be judged
as failing to meet
expected role
performance.
ROLE CONFLICT AND ROLE STRAIN
What
Should
Be
Learned
From the
Example
About
Dave &
Ted?
SECTION 2 RECAP
Social
Structures and
Roles
 Main Idea: People
interact according to prescribed roles. These roles
carry certain rights and
obligations.

Objective: describe the means of
subsistence in preindustrial
societies.
Preview: The way a society provides
for basic needs greatly affects its
culture and social structure.
Preindustrial, industrial, and
postindustrial societies meet basic
needs in different ways.
Preindustrial societies include
hunting and gathering,
horticultural, pastoral, and
agricultural societies.
PREINDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES

Objectives for
Section 3 &
Section Preview
WORDS WITH IMPORTANT MEANINGS.
(PERHAPS YOU SHOULD WRITE THEM
DOWN)

Society

Hunting & Gathering Society

Horticultural Society

Pastoral Society

Agricultural Society
LIST CHARACTERISTICS OF A
HUNTING & GATHERING SOCIETY.
Nomadic
 Few material
possessions
 Family takes care of
needs
 No concept of
ownership
 No Government
 More leisure time

LIST CHARACTERISTICS OF A
HUNTING & GATHERING SOCIETY.
Small groups
 Cooperation (Sharing
resources)
 Generosity &
hospitality valued
 No social classes
 Labor divided by sex
& age

ARE THERE ANY HUNTER AND
GATHER SOCIETY IN TODAY’S
WORLD?

Yes
Where might they be located?

No
LIST CHARACTERISTICS OF
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES.

Permanent settlements

Multi-community societies

Emphasis on providing for family

Depend more on families than others
WHAT ARE SOME
CHARACTERISTICS OF A PASTORAL
SOCIETY?
Farm or trade for
grain
 Migration (unless
alternate grazing
fields)
 Political & religious
leaders
 Creation of surplus
leads to social
inequality

Woman at home/ Men
with the herd
 Male dominated
 Complex division of
labor
 Trade for non-edible
goods

MAIN POINTS OF THE
AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
Use plows & animals
 Cities built
 Non-farming occupations rise
 New political, religious, & economic institutes
emerge
 Economic based on trade (money emerges)
 Due to high productivity more can become
educated, & engage is non-economic activities
 Government guiding force not family
 Distinct social classes emerged
 Government & Religion

USING THE INFORMATION YOU HAVE
BEEN GIVEN, CATEGORIZE THE INTO
THE APPROPRIATE SOCIETY.

Permanent settlements

No concept of ownership

Use plows & animals

Migration (unless alternate grazing fields)
SECTION 3 RECAP
 Preindustrial
Societies
 Main Idea: The way a society
provides for basic needs greatly
affects its cultural and social
structure. Preindustrial, industrial,
and postindustrial societies meet
basic needs in different ways.
Preindustrial societies include
hunting and gathering, horticultural,
pastoral, and agricultural societies.
Objectives:
discuss the characteristics of industrial
society.
 compare and contrast preindustrial,
industrial, and postindustrial societies.


Preview: The Industrial Revolution
created a new type of society called
industrial society. Characteristics that
distinguish this society from all earlier
ones include the growth of large cities
and a widespread dependence on
machines and technology.
Postindustrial society has a
predominately white-collar labor force
that is concentrated in service
industries. Social instability has been
linked to the transition from an
industrial to a postindustrial society.
Objectives for
Section 4 &
Section Preview
INDUSTRIAL AND POSTINDUSTRIAL
SOCIETIES

MORE VOCABULARY!!! HOW HAPPY
ARE WE????

Industrial Society

Social Solidarity

Mechanization

Mechanical Solidarity

Urbanization

Organic Solidarity

Gemeinschaft

Postindustrial Society

Gesellschaft
WHAT IS INVOLVED IN MOVING
FROM AN AGRICULTURAL TO
INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY?
-Move from simple to advanced
technologies
-Labor is less human driven and
more machine driven
-Alternative power sources
-Move from farms to cities
-Education moved from home to
school
-Distance grows between families
-Love & personal choice take over
from arranged marriages
-Women less subordinate
--Social class based more on
occupation and less on parents
WHAT ARE THE 5 MAJOR FEATURES
OF A POSTINDUSTRIAL SOCIETY?





1. Majority of the labor
in services
2. White collar replaces
blue collar workers
3. Technology
knowledge is the key
organizing feature
4. Technology change is
planned and assessed
5. Reliance on computer
modeling in all areas
WHAT ARE MARKERS FOR SOCIAL
STABILITY & INSTABILITY?

Crime

Illegitimacy

Divorce

Distrust
WHAT CAUSES A RETURN TO
SOCIAL STABILITY?


Values

Norms
Because culture can
change, it is used to
create new social
structures better used
to adapt to social &
economic
circumstances.
SECTION 4 RECAP
 Industrial
and Postindustrial Societies
 Main Idea: The Industrial Revolution
created a new type of society marked by
the growth of large cities and a
dependence on machines and
technology. Postindustrial society has a
predominantly white-collar labor force
that is concentrated in service
industries.