Download Sociology, grade 122016/2017Aliaa El Sawy Unit One: Culture and

Sociology, grade 12
2016/2017
Aliaa El Sawy
Unit One: Culture and Social Structure
Chapter 4: Social Structure
Section Three: Types of Societies
Sociological Terms and Definitions:
1 ) group: a set of people who interact on the basis of shared expectations and who posses some degree of
common identity
2 )subsistence strategy: the way a society uses technology to provide for the needs of its members
3 ) preindustrial society: a society in which the main emphasis is on food production
4 ) hunting and gathering societies: in these societies the main source of food is daily collection of wild plants
& hunting of animals
5 ) pastoral society: a society that depends on domesticated herd animals to meet food needs
6 ) division of labor: the specialization of individuals or groups to do specific economic activities
7 ) urbanization: the concentration of the population in cities
8 ) industrial society: a society that focuses on the manufacturing of goods using machines and technology
9 ) postindustrial society: a society that focuses on provision of information and services rather than on
manufacturing
10 ) horticultural society: a society in which Fruits and vegetables grown in garden plots that have been cleared
from the jungle or forest provide the main source of food.
11 ) barter: exchange of goods and services
Self Evaluating Questions
A) Answer the Following Questions:
1) Sequencing: Arrange the six types of societies in order of complexity.
2) Identify the feature that sociologists tend to use to classify societies and list three broad categories of societies
that they recognize.
3) What roles and statuses can individuals in each type of society hold and achieve?
4) Identify cause and effect: What development led to more settled life in pastoral and horticultural societies?
5) Infer: Why do you think sociologists refer to postindustrial societies as information societies?
6) Identify Cause and Effect: How does industrialization lead to urbanization?
7) Compare: How do postindustrial societies and industrial societies differ?
8) Define: What defines a postindustrial society?
9) Identify Cause and Effect: What are possible ways that industrialization changes various institutions in society, such as
the family?
10) Identify Supp. Details: What developments changed life in preindustrial societies?
11) Draw Conclusions: What are some major social changes that occur as society moves from an industrial society
to a postindustrial society?
12) Identify: What are some of the specialized roles in horticultural societies?
13) Describe: What sharp status differences occur in agricultural societies?
14) Summarize: What are some characteristics of hunter-gatherer societies?
15) Draw Conclusions: How can pastoral societies support larger populations than hunter-gatherer societies?
C ) Write The Sociological Terms:
1) __________________: a set of people who interact on the basis of shared expectations and who posses some
degree of common identity
2 ) __________________: the way a society uses technology to provide for the needs of its members
3 ) __________________: a society in which the main emphasis is on food production
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Sociology, grade 12
2016/2017
Aliaa El Sawy
4 ) _________________________: in these societies the main source of food is daily collection of wild plants &
hunting of animals
5 ) __________________: a society that depends on domesticated herd animals to meet food needs
6 ) __________________: the specialization of individuals or groups to do specific economic activities
7 ) __________________: the concentration of the population in cities
8 ) __________________: a society that focuses on the manufacturing of goods using machines and technology
9 ) __________________: a society that focuses on provision of information and services rather than on
manufacturing
10 ) __________________: a society in which Fruits and vegetables grown in garden plots that have been
cleared from the jungle or forest provide the main source of food.
11 ) __________________: exchange of goods and services
B ) FILL IN THE BLANK For each of the following statements, fill in the blank with the appropriate word,
phrase, or name.
1. Many agricultural societies abandon barter to facilitate trade and instead use _______________________ as
the medium of exchange.
2. In sociological terms, a _______________________ is a set of people who interact on the basis of shared
expectations and who possess some degree of common identity.
3. _______________________ is the practice of exchanging one good or service for another.
4. In a(n) _______________________ the emphasis shifts from the production of food to the production of
manufactured goods.
5. Close-knit social relationships and activities centered around family and community are common in a
_______________________.
6. As the division of labor within societies becomes more complex, mechanical solidarity gives way to
_______________________.
7. _______________________ are ways in which a society uses technology to provide for the needs of its
members.
8. The specialization by individuals or groups in the performance of specific economic activities is called the
_______________________.
9. In a _______________________ the economic emphasis is on the provision of information and services rather
than on manufacturing.
10. _______________________ can be subdivided according to their level of technology and their method of
producing food.
Answers
A) Answer the Following Questions:
1) a ) hunting& gathering/ b) pastoral/ c) horticultural/ d) agricultural/ e) industrial/ f) postindustrial
2) Based on subsistence strategy, the way a society uses technology to provide fore its members needs: 1)
preindustrial/ 2 ) industrial/ 3 ) postindustrial
3) roles related to leadership, family, and work
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Sociology, grade 12
2016/2017
Aliaa El Sawy
4) domestication of animals and plants
5) That is because their economic emhpasis is on providing information.
6) Use of centralized power sources (water, steam) moves production from homes to factories; cities form as
homes cluster around factories and other businesses, such as stores, are started nearby to serve the increasingly
concentrated population.
7) Industrial society: emphasis on production of manufactured goods. / Postindustrial society: emphasis on
providing information and services.
8) Much of the economy is dedicated to providing information and services.
9) Adults work outside the home and have less time to educate and train children, so more of that responsibility
falls to schools.
10) Domestication of wild plants and animals/ inventing the plow that is pulled by animals/ irrigation/ terracing
11) Wages tend to increase, resulting in improved standard of living and quality of life.
12) craftspeople/ shamans/ traders
13) Small groups of landowners controlling wealth and authority and large groups of peasants owning nothing and
providing labor.
14) constantly moving to find food, no permanent homes, size limits of groups, equal status, family is the main
social unit
15) Food supply is more reliable, based on herds of domesticated animals.
B ) FILL IN THE BLANK For each of the following statements, fill in the blank with the appropriate word,
phrase, or name.
1. money // 2. group // 3. barter // 4. industrial society // 5. Gemeinschaft // 6. organic solidarity //
7. subsistence strategies // 8. division of labor // 9. postindustrial society // 10. preindustrial societies
C ) Write The Sociological Terms: Refer to your sheet.
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