Download CP Review Topics: Classification

Honors: Ch. 6 Cell Respiration - Review Topics
Introduction
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Energy needs in cells, ATP- ADP cycle
Aerobic, anaerobic – organisms, pathways, energy yield
Interplay with photosynthesis: reactants, products, energy
Gas exchange, glucose delivery and entry into cells
Calorie, amount in carbs, fats, and proteins
Mitochondria – compartments, sites for reactions
NAD, FAD - Hydrogen/electron acceptors, their role
3 pathways – where is each in cell, energy yield
Aerobic Respiration
Glycolysis - In cytoplasm
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Uses 2 ATP; glucose splits
Forms 2 pyruvic acid (3 C)
forms 4 ATP, NADH
Net yield: 2 ATP
Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid cycle)
 In mitochondrial matrix
Prep: pyruvate forms acetyl CoA and CO2
Cycle Completes glucose breakdown
 4-carbon oxaloacetate recycles
 NAD+ FAD take H+ and e- from glucose
 Yield: 1 ATP each cycle, 2 per glucose
Electron Transport Chain – In cristae
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chemiosmosis
NADH and FADH2 release H and ee- passed along series of acceptor proteins
H+ gradient powers ATP synthesis
OXYGEN + e- + H+  H2O
Yield: 32-34 ATP/glucose
Chemiosmosis
 energy from e- pumps H+ across membrane
 H+ concentrate in space between membranes
 H+ diffuse through ATP synthase to make ATP
Total energy from one glucose = 36 ATP
Anaerobic Respiration – when oxygen is NOT present
 in cytoplasm
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Glycolysis is followed by fermentation
No additional ATP made (2 made in glycolysis)
NAD+ is returned, can be used again
Lactic acid Fermentation: pyruvic acid  lactic acid (or other acids)
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Some bacteria
Muscle cells – only temporarily
o Oxygen debt – muscles cramp and burn – need oxygen
Alcohol Fermentation
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Yeast
Makes ethyl alcohol and CO2
Other Foods
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Digested to monomers first (must be small enough to enter cells)
Fats – burned after glucose and glycogen used up
Proteins – last choice, needed for other roles
o make nitrogen wastes, strain kidneys and liver
Foods NOT used for energy
 raw materials to make other biologic molecules in biosynthesis
36 ADP
36 ATP