Download GENETICS EOCT STUDY GUIDE 1. DNA Bases: Guanine RNA

GENETICS EOCT STUDY GUIDE
1. DNA Bases: Guanine RNA Bases:
Adenine
Cytosine
Thymine
Guanine
Adenine
Cytosine
Uracil
In the diagram to the right, fill in the missing mRNA sequence.
a.
b.
c.
d.
CUAGGA
TCGAAG
CTAGGC
AGCUUC
Section of
DNA
mRNA
sequence
2. The jimsonweed Datura stramonium normally has 12 chromosomes in the body cells. How many
chromosomes will an egg cell of this weed have?
a. 6 chromosomes
b. 12 chromosomes
c. 18 chromosomes
d. 24 chromosomes
3. Mitosis is most important for a kitten’s ____________.
a. vision
b. respiration
c. growth
d. metabolism
4. The somatic cells of an individual plant have 50 chromosomes. How many chromosomes would be
found in the gametes produced in this plant?
a. 5
b. 10
c. 25
d. 50
5. Why can bacteria express human genes?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Humans are composed of bacterial cells.
Human genes and bacterial genes are the same size.
Both humans and bacteria are composed of prokaryotic cells.
They share a common genetic language.
Both humans and bacteria are composed of eukaryotic cells.
6. Which of these symbols represents the normal karyotype of a human female?
a.
b.
c.
d.
XXY
XX
XO
XXX
7. Inversions in chromosomes occur when part of a chromosome breaks out and is reinserted upside
down. Which of the diagrams below represents an inversion?
8. A strand of mRNA containing the repeating
sequence AAGAAGAAGAAG could code for
which of the following amino acid sequences?
a.
b.
c.
d.
lys – arg – glu – lys
ser – ser – glu – glu
lys – arg – lys – arg
lys – lys – lys – lys
A
9. If a corn plan has a genotype of Ttyy, what are the possible genetic combinations that could be present
in a single grain of pollen from this plant?
a. Ty, ty
b. TY, ty
c. TY, Ty, ty
d. Ty, ty, tY, TY
10. In fruit flies, the gene for red eyes (R) is dominant and the gene for sepia eyes (r) is recessive. What
are the possible combinations of genes in the offspring of two red-eyed heterozygous flies (Rr)?
a. RR only
b. Rr only
c. Rr and rr only
d. RR, Rr, and rr only
11. Which of these would most likely cause a mutation?
a.
b.
c.
d.
the placement of ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum
the insertion of a nucleotide into DNA
the movement of transfer RNA out of the nucleus
the release of messenger RNA from DNA
12. Although there are a limited number of amino acids, many different types of proteins exist because the
a.
b.
c.
d.
13.
size of a given amino acid can vary
chemical composition of a given amino acid can vary.
sequence and number of amino acids is different.
the same amino acid can have many different properties.
5’ G T A _ _ _ A A 3’
3’ C A T G C A T T 5’
This segment of DNA has undergone a mutation in which three nucleotides have been deleted. A
repair enzyme would replace them with
a. CGT
c. CTG
b. GCA
d. GTA
14. In certain breeds of dogs, deafness is due to a recessive allele (h) of a particular gene, and normal
hearing is due to its dominant allele (H). What percentage of the offspring of a normal heterozygous
dog (Hh) and a deaf dog (hh) would be expected to have normal hearing?
a. 0%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 100%
15. Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form, (B), or the
recessive form, (b). The length of the cat’s fur is controlled by another autosomal gene which occurs
in the dominant form, (S), or the recessive form, (s). The table below shows the traits for these allele
codes.
The following genotypes were found in a male cat and a
Gene
Trait
female cat: BbSs (male) and bbSS (female).
B
Black fur
The phenotype of the offspring from these parents willb
White fur
a. All have black fur
S
Short fur
b. All have white fur
s
Long fur
c. All have long fur
d. All have short fur
16. The process of DNA replication is necessary before a cell can –
a. code for RNA molecules
b. make a protein
c. divide into two cells
d. modify lysosome enzymes
17. A genetic pedigree showing that only males are affected by a certain disorder is evidence of what
type of inheritance?
a. Recessive
b. Sex-linked
c. Passive
d. Dominant
18. Choose the answer containing the code that will complete the mRNA strand in the diagram below:
a.
b.
c.
d.
AUG
CAG
UAC
GUC
19. Rabbit Test Cross Results:
What conclusion can be drawn from the genetic information in the table below?
a. All the white rabbits are heterozygous.
b. All the F1 rabbits carried a recessive allele.
c. All the black rabbits in the F2 generation
are homozygous.
d. The white parent carried a dominant allele.
Parent Generation
Black x White
F1
All black
F2
75% black
25% white
20. The parts of DNA that provide the code for proteins are the –
a. sugars
b. nitrogenous bases
c. hydrogen bonds
d. phosphates
21. A triplet code of bases from RNA may be represented by all of the following excepta. CGT
b. CGA
c. CGG
d. CGU
22. In rabbits, short fur, (S), is dominant to long fur, (s). According to the Punnett square, what is the
chance of two heterozygous short-haired rabbits having offspring with short fur?
a. One in four
b. Two in four
c. Three in four
d. Four in four
23. DNA that is derived from the DNA of two or more different species is calleda. recombinant DNA
b. mitochondrial DNA
c. chloroplast DNA
d. plasmid
24.
In cows, long hair is dominant to short hair. In a cow that is heterozygous for long hair, what
percentage of the cells undergoing meiosis will carry the dominant allele?
a. 25%
b. 50%
25.
c. 75%
d. 100%
Which series of bases will complete this strand of DNA?
a. CCTGAT
b. ACTGGC
c. GTAGGC
d. TCAGGG
26.
One method of determining the classification of an animal is by comparing the amino acid sequence.
Which of these animals most closely resembles the unknown animal?.
UNKNOWN ANIMAL:
Met-Gly-Ser-Tyr-Tyr-Arg-His-His-Glu-Lys-Asp
a.
b.
c.
d.
27.
People who have been exposed to excessive radiation often experience mutations. If these
mutations only occur in somatic cells, these people may –
a.
b.
c.
d.
28.
Horse: Met-Gly-Ser-Ser-Tyr-Arg-Arg-Asp-His-Glu-Lys-Asp
Dog: Met-Gly-Ser-Tyr-Tyr-Arg-His-Asp-Glu-Lys-Asp
Cat: Met-Gly-Ser-Tyr-Tyr-Arg-His-His-Arg-Cys-Thre-Asp
Mouse: Met-Gly-Ser-Tyr-Tyr-Arg-His-Glu-Val-Val-Leu
pass on these mutations to their offspring
experience an increased risk of cancer
develop entirely new DNA sequences in all cells
experience difficulties replicating RNA
An inheritable mutation may occur if an organism has a change in its –
a.
b.
c.
d.
appendages
internal organs
DNA structure
ATP production rate
29.
The following DNA fingerprints were made from blood samples taken from a puppy and four
possible fathers of this puppy in an effort to determine the puppy’s pedigree. According to this
information, which possible father was probably the true father of this puppy?
a.
b.
c.
d.
30.
Oogenesis makes:
a. zygotes
b. sperm
31.
The cause of Down’s Syndrome is ______________________________.
a. monosomy
b. nondisjunction
32.
c. immobile sperm
d. drugs
Which of the following can be caused by a mutagen?
a. Lyme’s Disease
b. Bone Spurs
33.
c. eggs
d. blastula
c. cancer
d. air pollution
In the lab setup pictured to the right, a student is trying to
determine the effect of pollutants on the growth of three groups
of seeds. The results will not be valid because the experiment
has no _______________________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
conclusion
variable
control
hypothesis