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Arnold Schoenberg 1874-1951 Background Born in Austria, but moved to U.S. in 1933 Other than a few scattered lessons, he was mostly self taught Learned composition by studying the works of earlier composers like Wagner and Brahms Misc. Facts/ Body of Work Was the leader of the Second Viennese School – an influential group of composers He composed music in order to express his emotions Was also famous for his paintings and sketches Wrote chamber music, orchestral pieces and even operas Twelve-tone Serialism A compositional method that uses all 12 chromatic tones, arranged in rows, to create a larger work Original tone row Retrograde-backwards Inversion-inverted intervals Retrograde Inversion-inversion row backwards “Der Mondfleck” - Pierrot Lunaire Period: Modern Country: Austria Genre: Melodrama Form: Poems set to chamber music (piano, flute(piccolo), clarinet(bass clarinet), violin and cello) “Der Mondfleck” Pierrot is obsessed with his jacket. Gypsum is a soft, white mineral. Uses the sprechstimme technique - “speech singing” - strict rhythms with a loose interpretation of pitches - creates a “sing-song” feel Serialism – see previous definition Serialism is atonal. Atonal – music that lacks a tonal center or key signature