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Total Serialism • Applying the rules of serialism to all possible elements Olivier Messiaen (1908-1992) - French composer, educator and organist - Was caputerd and imprisoned by Nazis - Composed Quartet for the End of Time (1940) Pierre Boulez (b.1925) - Studied with Messiaen - Regarded music from a scientific viewpoint - “Schoenberg is Dead” claimed Schoenberg didn’t go far enough with serialism Electronics • A time of extreme technological advances – This lead to extreme experimentation – Gave composers the ability to not only record their music, but an opportunity to create art from manipulated sounds – Eventually composers use new sounds and new means of generating them – Lead to use of electronic instruments Electronics Edgard Varese (1883-1965) - Poeme Electronique (1957) – recorded on 3 track tape, speakers surrounded the audience Karlheinz Stockhausen (1928-2007) - Attended Messiaen’s summer class in Darmstadt - Mixed voice and electronics - Gesang de Junglinge – recorded a boy reciting bible verses, and manipulated it Minimalism • Style: – Repetition of short figures – Simple harmonies – Slow moving harmonies – Usually regular pulsation • Terry Riley – In C (1964) – A pianist plays constant eighth note C’s – 53 small figures Minimalism • Steve Reich (b. 1963) – Interest in jazz and non-pitchedpercussion – Also an interest in African drumming – Became fascinated with “phase shifting”
