Download Participles

Participles
**Verbal adjectives – so they must decline to match the noun they
modify in gender, number and case.
Examples:
I saw the girl crying.
Having spoken to the soldier, Caesar walked away.
He was on his horse, about to ride away.
Ex: present participle declines like the 3rd Declension
Adjective with an ‘e’ in the ablative:
m/f
n
Nom. laudans
laudans
Gen. laudantis
--Dat. laudanti
--Acc. laudantem laudans
Abl. laudante
---
m/f
laudantes
laudantium
laudantibus
laudantes
laudantibus
n
laudantia
----laudantia
---
Ex: All other participles decline like ‘magnus,a,um’
**Most transitive verbs have FOUR participles: present and future
active; perfect and future passive
Active
Pres.
laudans (praising)
(present stem + ns (ntis)
Perf.
------------
Fut.
Passive
-----------
laudatus, a, um (having
been praised)
(participle stem + us,a,um)
laudaturus (about to praise, laudandus, a, um (to be
Going to praise) praised, fit to be praised)
(participle stem + urus,a,um) Pres. stem + ndus,nda,ndum
Pres. Videns (videntis) (seeing)
Perf. --------------Fut.
Pres.
Perf.
Fut.
visurus, a, um (going to
see, about to see)
---------visus,a,um (having been
seen)
videndus,a,um (to be
seen, fit to be seen)
Ducens (ducentis) (leading) ------------------------------ductus,a,um (having been
led)
ducturus,a,um (going
ducendus,a,um (to be led,
to lead, about to lead)
fit to be led)
Pres.
Perf.
audio, audire (hearing)
--------------------
Fut.
auditurus,a,um (going
to be heard)
---------------auditus,a,um (having
been heard)
audiendus,a,um (to be
heard, fit to be heard
**Participle tenses:
1. Present participle = SAME TIME as that of the main
verb (no matter if the main verb is present, past, or
future)
2. Perfect participle = PRIOR to that of main verb
3. Future participle = SUBSEQUENT (AFTER)
((This will flow naturally in the English translation))
**As is common with adjectives, your participle can act as a
substantive adjective – sapiens (a wise man), ridens (those
laughing)
**Examples: Romani viri, vocantes omnes, ad naves ambulaverunt.
The Roman men, calling everyone, walked to the ships.
Romani viri, omnibus vocati, ad naves ambulaverunt.
The Roman men, having been called by everyone, walked to
the ships.
Romani viri, visuri omnes, ad naves ambulaverunt.
The Roman men, about to call everyone, walked to the ships.