Download Key Area 3 – Pupil Booklet

Williamwood High School
Biology Department
Biology National 4
Unit 1 – Cell Biology
Key area 3
Therapeutic uses of cells
Name ______________________________
KA
1.3
Unit 1 – Cell Biology
Key area 3 – Therapeutic uses of cells
Learning Objectives
Learning Outcomes
1:3. Therapeutic use of cells
I can…
1. explain how genes can be altered by genetic engineering.
2. give examples of products produced by genetic engineering and their
advantage to mankind.
3. state that a stem cell is one that can both divide to make new stem cells
and can develop into different types of cell.
4. explain that there are different types of stem cells and can explain why
they are important in the body.
5. discuss why and how stem cells are used by scientists.
6. research some medical uses of cells and present my findings.
Page 2
GENETIC ENGINEERING
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
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It is possible to transfer genes from one organism into another.
This is called genetic engineering.
Bacteria are very useful in genetic engineering.
Structure of a bacterial cell
 Bacteria have some features that are the same as plant and animal cells.
 However, they are different from plant and animal cells in some ways.
A typical bacterial cell
Answer the following questions.
1. Name three parts of a bacterial cell that are also found in plant cells.
______________
_________________
_________________
2. What shape is the DNA of a bacterial cell?
____________________________________________________
3. What name is given to the smaller rings of DNA used in reproduction?
____________________________________________________
Page 3
Using bacteria to make insulin
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People who suffer from the condition called ____________ do not
produce enough insulin in their bodies.
Insulin is needed to control the blood _________ levels.
Diabetics need to take insulin as a medicine, usually by
_____________.
Some people have an insulin _________________ which automatically
gives them the right amount of insulin.
It is possible to genetically engineer__________ to get them to make
insulin.
Activity 1 - Be a genetic engineer!
Your teacher will show you how genetic engineering is done using plasticene
models.
Genetic engineering
Complete the diagram by writing a description in each box.
Page 4
Useful products
Name the three useful products described below.
Used for children who fail to grow properly ________________________
Given to diabetics ____________________________________________
Used in the treatment of haemophilia (a blood disorder) ________________
Advantages and disadvantages of genetic engineering
Complete the table.
Advantages
Disadvantages
Page 5
Stem cells

As well as genetic engineering, there are other modern methods of
helping to cure diseases.

One of these methods involves the use of special cells called stem cells.

A stem cell is a body cell that can develop into
____________________________________________________.
•
Stem cells can ______________ repeatedly to form new cells.

Stem cells are found in ___________________________________
_____________________________________________________.
•
Stem cells can be used to help treat diseases, conditions and disabilities.
Write down the names of five conditions that could possibly be treated using
stem cells in the future.
1. _____________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________
5. _____________________________________________
Activity 2 - Dilemmas!!!
Your teacher will show you some videos clips which discuss some controversial
biological techniques.
You will discuss these and decide what you think.
Page 6
CHECK TEST – Circle the correct answer.
1. Genetic engineering involves the use of
A
mice
B
bacteria
C
yoghurt
D
all of these
2. Chromosomes in bacterial cells are
A
circles
B
squares
C
triangles
D
rectangles
3. DNA in bacteria is also found in
A
the cell membrane
B
the cell wall
C
the flagella
D
the plasmid
4. Which of the following describes genetic engineering?
A
building DNA molecules from plastic
B
removing cells from human brains
C
transferring DNA from one organism into another
D
replacing all of a person’s genes
5. When making insulin, into which part of a bacterial cell is the human gene
transferred?
A plasmid
B cytoplasm
C nucleus
D cell wall
Page 7
6. Which of these products is not made using genetic engineering?
A
B
C
D
Insulin
Factor VIII
Growth hormone
Blood
7. Why is genetically engineered insulin better than pig insulin?
A It tastes better
B It does not cause allergies
C It is cheaper
D It gives people more energy
8. What are stem cells?
A
B
C
D
Really strong plant cells
Cancer cells
Cells that can make new cells of different types
Cells that can be used to make yoghurt
9. Where can stem cells be obtained from?
A
B
C
D
Soil
Embryos
The air
Bacteria
TOTAL __/9
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