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Jerry Sun
Ethan Lam
Civil War
The Civil War officially started on April 12, 1861 through April 9, 1865. The war was between
the Union North and the Confederate South. Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated as president on March
1861 and stated that he was okay with where slavery was. South Carolina was the first state to succeed
out of the Union on December 20, 1860. Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas,
Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee succeeded after. The cause of the Civil war was a
dispute between the free and slave states over the power of the national government to prohibit slavery
in the territories that had not yet become states due to the Compromise of 1850. President Abraham
Lincoln's goal was to preserve the Union. The Confederate States of America was led by Jefferson
Davis and its army was commanded by General Robert E. Lee. The war began with the attack on Fort
Sumter on April 12, 1861. President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on July
1862 freeing all slaves in the South, which was officially instituted after the ratification of the 13th
amendment. The war ended at the Appomattox Court House when General Lee surrendered to General
Grant. The Confederates were allowed to return to their homes and live on with their lives.
1. North Advantage
2. North Disadvantage
1. The north was far more industrialized
1. Lack of military leadership
than the south. It had more rail roads
3. South Advantage
and more factories.
1. Military Leadership
2. The north also had a larger population,
4. South Disadvantage
which meant there was more men to
1. Not as much rail roads in the South
choose from
2. Economy based on farming and
3. The economy of the north was in
agriculture
manufacturing
3. Population was not as big as the North
4. controlled most of the banks and capita
5. Important Battles
1. Fort Sumter
1. April 12, 1861
2. Lincoln used his executive power to
1. call fro 75,000 volunteers
2. spending plan for the war
3. suspending the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus
2. First Battle of Bull Run
1. July 1861
2. 30,000 union troops march from Washington D.C. to attack Confederate Forces near
Bull Creek in Virginia, but General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson, a confederate general,
counterattacked and won the battle.
3. this battle is important because this ended the illusion that this was going to be a short
war.
3. Second Battle of Bull Run
1. General Lee stroke at the Union's General Pope's army in Virginia by trapping them and
sending them back to Bull Run.
4. Antietam
1. General McClellan(“slows”) of the Union Army knew of General Lee's plans
2. The Union Army intercepted the invading Confederates at Antietam Creek in Maryland
3. Bloodies single day of the entire Civil War
4. 22,000 men were either killed or injured.
5. The battle was a draw
6. stopped the Confederates from getting open recognition and support from foreign
powers
7. Lincoln used the battle as a pushing point to announce plans for the Emancipation
Proclamation.
5. Emancipation Proclamation
1. July 1862
2. free all slaves in the united States after January 1, 1863
6. Monitor and Merrimack
1. North's hope to win war was to shut down the South's sources of supply
2. Blockade of southern ports (Anaconda Plan)
3. Merrimack = former Union Ship renamed to Virginia
4. Ironclads were new weapons fro war. They could sink wooden ships.
7. Vicksburg
1. Union to control the Mississippi River
2. Union artillery bombarded Vicksburg fro seven weeks before Confederates surrendered
on July 4th
3. Federal warships now controlled the full length of the Mississippi and cut off Texas,
Louisiana, and Arkansas from the rest of the Confederacy.
8. Gettysburg
1. Lee wanted to enter Maryland and Pennsylvania because if he could destroy the Union
Army or capture a major northern city, the Confederates could get support from foreign
powers.
2. On July 1, 1863 the Confederates attacked the Union at Gettysburg in Southern
Pennsylvania.
3. Most crucial battle of the war and the bloodiest, with over 50,000 casualties.
4. Confederates fled to Virginia and never regained the offense.
9. Sherman's March
1. General William Tecumseh Sherman
2. 100,000 men to destroy anything in their way (Total war)
3. From Tennessee to Georgia to South Carolina
4. burning cotton fields, barns, and houses
5. completed on February 1865 by setting fire to Columbia, the capital of South Carolina
6. helped break the will of the Confederacy and destroy its will to fight on
6. Surrender at Appomattox
1. General Lee surrender to General Grant at the Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865
2. Union allowed Lee's men to return to their homes.
7. Assassination of Lincoln
1. April 14, 1865 John wiled Booth assassinated the President at Ford's Theater in Washington.
8. 13th Amendment
1. Abolishment of Slavery
2. free slaves in the boarder states
3. no slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime