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KINE 4362 EXAM 1
Student:_____________________________________________________________________
1. Which of the following is true of the heart
rate?
o
o
o
o
Parasympathetic stimulation reduces
the rate of SA node action potentials.
Training enhances sympathetic
innervation to the SA node at rest.
Sympathetic stimulation increases
the time between atrial and
ventricular systole.
Parasympathetic fibers reach the
heart by means of the cardiac
accelerator nerves and release
norepinephrine to increase heart rate.
2. an increase in parasympathetic outflow
to the heart results in
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
20% of VO2 max.
30% of VO2 max.
40% of VO2 max.
60% of VO2 max.
5. The ventilatory central chemoreceptors
respond to changes in the
o
o
o
o
pH of mixed venous blood.
pH of cerebral spinal fluid.
PO2, pH, and PCO2 of cerebral
spinal fluid.
PCO2 and H+ of mixed venous
blood.
an increase in HR.
a decrease in HR.
a slight increase in arterial blood
pressure.
a slight decrease in arterial blood
pressure followed by an increase in
HR.
3. Which of the following represents the
correct order of events of the flow of
blood after it leaves the left ventricle and
before it returns to the right atrium?
o
4. Stroke volume continues to increase
during exercise up to approximately
Blood flows through the aorta,
oxygen moves out of the capillaries,
blood flows though veins, blood
enters the venules.
Blood flows through the venules,
blood flows through the veins,
oxygen moves out of the capillaries,
blood enters the aorta.
Oxygen moves out of the capillaries,
blood flows through the aorta, blood
flows through the venules, blood
enters the veins.
Blood flows through the aorta,
oxygen moves out of the capillaries,
blood flows through venules, blood
enters the veins.
6. Activation of rectus abdominis muscles
would result in
o
o
o
o
active inspiration.
passive inspiration.
active expiration.
passive expiration.
7. In the standing position, considerable
inequality of blood flow exists within the
human lung due to
o
o
o
partial pressure differences across
the lung.
differences in vascular resistance in
the lateral areas of the lung.
gravity.
8. The muscle of the heart is referred to as
the
o
o
o
o
pericardium.
myocardium.
epicardium.
endocardium.
KINE 4362 EXAM 1
9. Resistance to blood flow is
o
o
o
o
directly proportional to the length of
the vessel.
inversely proportional to the viscosity
of the blood.
directly related to the diameter of the
vessel.
inversely proportional to the length of
the vessel.
10. A decrease in arterial PO2 below 70 mm
Hg would likely result in
o
o
o
o
a decrease in alveolar ventilation.
a short breath hold followed by
irregular breathing patterns.
no change in alveolar ventilation.
It includes the trachea.
It warms and humidifies inspired air.
It helps to clean (filter) inspired air.
It is where gas exchange occurs.
12. The difference between systolic and
diastolic blood pressure is called
o
o
o
o
the pulse pressure.
mean arterial blood pressure.
o
o
o
an increase in stroke volume, HR,
and compliance of the vascular
system.
venoconstriction, pumping action of
muscle, and the pumping action of
the respiratory system.
an increase in vascular resistance,
an increase in HR, and a decrease in
blood pressure.
an increase in stroke volume, a
decrease in HR, and a decrease in
blood pressure.
15. The normal pacemaker of the heart is
the
o
o
o
o
atrioventricular node.
sinoatrial node.
AV node.
SV node.
16. Electrical impulses are conducted
between heart muscle cells by
o
o
o
o
intercalated discs.
intermediate junctions.
minute synapses of the sympathetic
nervous system.
Purkinje fibers.
the brachial pressure.
the double product.
13. Myoglobin's affinity for oxygen is
____________ hemoglobin's affinity for
oxygen.
o
o
o
o
an increase in alveolar ventilation.
11. Which of the following is true concerning
the respiratory zone of the lungs?
o
o
o
o
14. The three principal mechanisms for
increasing venous return during exercise
are
equal to
greater than
17. Autoregulation of local blood flow is due
to
o
o
o
less than
o
the withdrawal of sympathetic
impulses to arterioles.
an increase in parasympathetic
outflow to arterioles.
local factors such as a decrease in
PO2, an increase in PCO2, and
potassium concentrations.
an increase in sympathetic impulses
to arterioles.
KINE 4362 EXAM 1
18. The most important variable that
determines resistance to blood flow is
o
o
o
o
the viscosity of blood.
the length of the blood vessel.
the diameter of the vessel.
blood pressure.
19. Carbon dioxide is transported in the
blood principally as
o
o
o
o
o
o
dissolved CO2 in solution in the
blood.
carbon monoxide.
cooling of the airways by respiration.
random movement of molecules from
an area of high concentration to an
area of lower concentration.
mechanical process of moving air in
and out of the lungs.
oxygenation of blood as it travels
through the lungs.
anatomical dead space.
minute ventilation.
alveolar ventilation.
tidal volume.
22. All gas exchange between the vascular
system and tissues occurs in
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
an increase in HR and blood
pressure
an increase in brain blood flow and
blood flow to the skin
an increase in cardiac output and a
redistribution of blood flow from
inactive tissues to skeletal muscles
an increase in muscle blood flow and
an increase in blood flow to the liver
bicarbonate.
21. The volume of gas that reaches the
respiratory zone (gas-exchange zone) of
the lung is termed
o
o
o
o
o
carbamino-hemoglobin.
20. The term ventilation refers to the
o
o
23. In order to meet the increased oxygen
demands of muscle during exercise, two
major adjustments in blood flow must be
made:
venules.
capillaries.
arterioles.
veins.
24. A decrease in arterial PO2 below 70 mm
Hg would increase pulmonary ventilation
by stimulation of
o
o
o
o
arterial bodies.
carotid bodies.
central chemoreceptors.
pulmonary bodies.
25. The major portion of O2 that is
transported in the blood is in
o
o
o
o
solution as a dissolved gas.
the form of oxyhemoglobin.
the form of carboxyhemoglobin.
the form of deoxyhemoglobin.
26. Which of the following choices presents
the correct order of lung
volumes/capacities from largest to
smallest?
o
o
o
o
tidal volume, total lung capacity, vital
capacity
total lung capacity, vital capacity, tidal
volume
vital capacity, tidal volume, total lung
capacity
vital capacity, residual volume, tidal
volume
KINE 4362 EXAM 1
27. The fact that an increase in end-diastolic
ventricular volume increases the stroke
volume of the heart is an illustration of
the
o
o
o
o
influence of the parasympathetic
nervous system on cardiac output.
Frank-Starling law of the heart.
influence of atrioventricular node on
cardiac output.
influence of blood pressure on
cardiac output.
28. The primary purpose of the pulmonary
system is to
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
provide an interface for gas
exchange.
regulate cardiac output.
control the bicarbonate level in the
blood.
HR max = 220 - age.
HR max = 200 - age.
HR max = 210 - age.
HR max - 205 - age.
o
o
o
diastole.
o
o
o
o
o
o
systole.
o
31. In a healthy heart, the time spent in
systole is generally
o
o
o
o
longer than diastole.
equal to diastole.
shorter than diastole.
three times longer than diastole.
T wave
R wave
The PO2 at sea level is 159 mmHg.
The percentage of CO2 in the
environment is 3.0.
The percentage of O2 in the air at
sea level is different from that at
altitude.
H+ and K+ concentrations.
pH, PCO2, and PO2.
pH and K+ concentrations.
PCO2 and pH only.
35. Which of the following is the correct
order of events pertaining to contraction
of the left ventricle?
atrial contraction.
the cardiac cycle.
QRS complex
34. The carotid bodies are chemoreceptors
that are sensitive to changes in arterial
30. The contraction phase of the heart is
called
o
o
o
o
P wave
33. Which of the following is correct?
regulate acid-base balance.
29. The decrease in maximal heart rate with
age can be estimated via
o
o
o
o
32. The ______ represents ventricular
repolarization during a recording of the
electrical activity (i.e., ECG) of the heart.
o
The bundle branches depolarize, the
ventricle contracts, the ventricular
pressure increases, the aortic volume
increases.
The aortic volume increases, the
ventricular pressure increases, the
ventricle contracts, the bundle
branches depolarize.
The ventricular pressure increases,
the bundle branches depolarize, the
aortic volume increases, the ventricle
contracts.
The bundle branches depolarize, the
ventricular pressure increases, the
ventricle contracts, the aortic volume
increases.
KINE 4362 EXAM 1
36. The primary role of the cardiovascular
system is to
o
o
o
o
convey heat away form deep body
tissues.
deliver adequate amounts of oxygen
and remove wastes from body
tissues.
serve as a buffer fluid for metabolic
wastes during exercise.
arteries; aorta; capillaries
arterioles; vena cavae; veins
venules; aorta; capillaries
arterioles; aorta; veins
arteries; vena cavae; capillaries
38. Mitochondrial PO2 is _____________
capillary PO2.
o
o
o
greater than
less than
equal to
39. The relationship between cardiac output
and metabolic rate is
o
o
o
o
linear.
curvilinear.
o
o
o
There is no relationship between
cardiac output and metabolic rate.
semilunar valves.
bicuspid valve.
atrioventricular valves.
coronary valves.
transport CO2 from the cell
membrane to the mitochondria.
transport O2 from the cell membrane
to the mitochondria.
buffer changes in hydrogen ion
concentration in the cell.
transport O2 from the mitochondria to
the cell membrane.
42. The respiratory control center is located
within
o
o
o
o
the medulla oblongata.
the cerebrum.
carotid bodies.
the cerebellum.
43. During exercise, the time spent in
diastole and systole
o
o
o
o
remains unchanged.
is decreased equally.
is decreased with the greatest
decrease occurring in diastole.
is increased.
44. The increase in cardiac output that
occurs during exercise is due to
o
o
o
exponential.
40. Backflow of blood from the arteries into
the ventricles is prevented by the
o
o
o
o
o
circulate oxygenated blood to the
lungs.
37. The greatest resistance to blood flow is
in the ______________________,
whereas the lowest blood pressures are
found in the ________________, and the
_________________ contain the most
blood.
o
o
o
o
o
41. Myoglobin is a red pigment found in
skeletal muscle that serves to
o
both an increase in mean arterial
pressure and a decrease in vascular
resistance.
a decrease in vascular resistance
only.
an increase in mean arterial blood
pressure only.
an increase in heart rate and a
decrease in mean arterial blood
pressure.
45. The most important muscle of inspiration
is the
o
o
o
o
diaphragm.
rectus abdominis.
internal oblique.
external intercostals.