Download Pathophysiology Cardiac Study Guide

Pathophysiology Cardiac Study Guide
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1. When do you normally hear the first heartbeat of a fetus?
2. When does the heart develop from a 2 chamber to a 4 chamber pump?
3. What are the 2 purposes for the circulation system?
4. Explain the blood flow the body in terms of arteries, capillaries, veins, lungs and heart
5. Differentiate between arteries and veins in terms of structures and flow mechanisms
6. Why do capillaries walls have to be very thin?
7. What are the spaces in the capillaries walls called?
8. Explain the size, shape and position of the heart.
9. Explain the blood flow through the heart.
10. Name the 4 valves in the heart and the function of each.
11. What are the 3 layers of the human heart?
12. Which of the 3 layers is the majority of the muscle?
13. What is the pericardium and its purpose?
14. What does the skeleton of the heart composed of?
15. What are the 4 great vessels of the heart and where do they take blood from and to?
16. How does the heart muscle get its blood supply?
17. What is the formal name and function of the "heart strings"?
18. What does plasma contain?
19. Describe the erythrocytes, their lifespan and their function.
20. Describe the leukocytes and their function.
21. What do the platelets do
22. Where are the most popular places to check a pulse without a stethoscope?
23. What are the two markers of blood pressure and what are they measuring?
24. How much does the blood pressure decrease in the capillaries? Why does it decrease so much?
25. Why do the kidneys affect the blood pressure so much?
26. How do hot and cold temps affect blood pressure and why?
27. What are the ranges for normal blood pressure?
28. What are the dangers of hypertension?
29. What are the dangers of hypotension?
30. What are the two primary sounds of the heart and what do they represent?
31. What is the function of the sinoatrial node (SA) of the heart?
32. What is the Atrioventricular node (AV)
33. Describe the electrical impulse of the heart for one complete beat.
34. Describe the purpose and internal actions of the refractory period.
35. Explain the series of the ECG waves and what happens in each part of the P-QRS-T waves
36. What is a normal sinus rhythm ?
37. Explain a premature atrial contraction
38. Explain a premature ventricular contraction.
39. Explain a myocardial infarction.
40. What percent of all deaths does cardiac disease account for ?
41. List the names and percentages of the top 5 cardiac mortality disease types
42. What is a heart murmur and how can it be corrected?
43. What are the risk factors of arteriosclerosis ?
44. What is angina pectoris and what is it the warning sign of ?
45. How many children are born each year with heart defects?
46. What happens to the heart when we get old?
47. What 2 tests are used to diagnose a heart attack?
48. What other organs or systems of the body suffer with hypertension?
49. What is the inflammation of the 3 layers of the heart called?
50. What is cardiomyopathy?