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Pathophysiology Cardiac Study Guide
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1. Trace the blood flow through the body in terms of arteries, capillaries, veins, lungs and heart
2. Differentiate between arteries and veins in terms of structures and flow mechanisms
3. Why do capillaries walls have to be very thin?
4. What are the spaces in the capillaries walls called?
5. Explain the size, shape and position of the heart.
6. Explain the blood flow through the heart.
7. Name the 4 valves in the heart and the function of each.
8. What are the 3 layers of the human heart?
9. Which of the 3 layers is the majority of the muscle?
10. What is the pericardium and its purpose?
11. What does the skeleton of the heart composed of?
12. What are the 4 great vessels of the heart and where do they take blood from and to?
13. How does the heart muscle get its blood supply?
14. What does plasma contain?
15. Describe the erythrocytes, their lifespan and their function.
16. Describe the leukocytes and their function.
17. What do the platelets do
18. Where are the most popular places to check a pulse without a stethoscope?
19. What are the two numbers of blood pressure and what are they measuring?
20. Why do the kidneys affect the blood pressure so much?
21. What are the ranges for normal blood pressure?
22. What are the dangers of hypertension?
23. What are the dangers of hypotension?
24. What are the two primary sounds of the heart and what do they represent?
25. What is the function of the sinoatrial node (SA) of the heart?
26. What is the Atrioventricular node (AV)
27. Describe the electrical impulse pathway from the SA node to the Perkinje system.
28. Explain the series of the ECG waves
29. What does the P wave show?
30. What does the QRS wave show?
31. What does the T wave show?
32. What does an elevated ST wave segment indicate?
33. What is a normal sinus rhythm ?
34. Explain a premature atrial contraction
35. Explain a premature ventricular contraction.
36. Explain a myocardial infarction.
37. What percent of all deaths does cardiac disease account for ?
38. What is a heart murmur and how can it be corrected?
39. What are the risk factors of arteriosclerosis ?
40. What is angina pectoris and what is it the warning sign of ?
41. How many children are born each year with heart defects?
42. What 2 tests are used to diagnose a heart attack?
43. What other organs or systems of the body suffer with hypertension?
44. What are the percentages of composition for whole blood?
45. What are the names of the different blood groupings?
46. What physical part of the blood causes the different blood groupings?
47. Who is the universal donor?
48. Who is the universal reciepient?
49. Describe a Type and Cross test in a blood bank.
50. What do scientists see when blood is incompatable?