Download Biology First Six Weeks Vocabulary

Taxonomy, Classification, Viruses, and Bacteria Vocabulary
TERM
B.8A (SS)
Taxonomy
Binomial
Nomenclature
B.8B (R)
Hierarchical
Classification
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Cladogram
Dichotomous Key
Homology
Ancestry
B.8C (SS)
Kingdom
Archaebacteria
Kingdom Eubacteria
Kingdom Protista
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Plantae
Kindgom Animalia
unicellular
Multicellular
Heterotrophic
Autotrophic
DEFINITION
The science of classifying organisms into groups or taxa
The system of naming organisms scientifically developed by Carolus
Linnaeus; consists of the genus and species names
A method of grouping in which terms are arranged from general to
specific
The highest level of organism classification; contains the greatest
amount of species and the highest biodiversity
The level of organism classification that is below kingdom and above
class
The level of organism classification that is below phylum and above
order
The level of organism classification that is below class and above family
The level of organism classification that is below class and above genus
The level of organism classification that is below family and above
species; the first part of the scientific name
The most specific level of organism classification that contains only one
type of organism; the second part of the scientific name
A branching diagram showing the species divergence at specific points
in ancestral history
A tool used to determine the classification of an unknown organism
through a series of identifying questions
Two characteristics that are similar because they originated from a
common ancestor
An organism’s lineage of descendants
Consists of unicellular, prokaryotic organisms that are found in extreme
environments
Consists of unicellular, prokaryotic organisms that are found in almost
every environment on Earth; can be autotrophic or heterotrophic.
Consists of mainly unicellular organisms that are eukaryotic; can be
autotrophic or heterotrophic
Consists mostly of multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that
feed on decaying organic matter
Consists of multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that are autotrophic; high
level of biodiversity
Consists of multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that heterotrophic; live in
a variety of environments
An organism made up of one cell
An organism made up of more than one cell
An organism that must consume other organisms for energy
An organism that can produce its own energy through the process of
photosynthesis
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Taxonomy, Classification, Viruses, and Bacteria Vocabulary
TERM
B.4C (R)
Virus
Genetic Material
Immunization
Parasite
Capsid
Lytic Cycle
Lysogenic Cycle
Influenza
Human
Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV)
Host
Pathogen
Antibiotic
Bateriophage
Chicken Pox
Retrovirus
Toxin
Vaccine
DEFINITION
A non-living particle dependent on host cells for replicating the viral DNA
DNA, RNA and nucleic acids
The process of immunity through introducing small doses of the infection
Lives in or on another organism that results in harm to the host
organism
Protein coat that surrounds the genetic material of a virus
Viral reproduction resulting in the lysis (splitting) of the host cell and the
production of more virus particles manufactured by the host cell
Viral reproduction resulting in viral genetic material being integrated into
the host cells genetic material; a long latent period
A highly contagious infectious disease caused by a virus
A retrovirus that invades T-cells attacking the immune system and
resulting in Acquired Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
An organism in which a parasite derives nutrients from
Anything capable of causing infectious disease
A chemical substance that kills bacteria cells
A virus that infects bacteria
A common childhood disease caused by the varicella virus
A virus that contains reverse transcriptase and RNA
A poisonous substance
An injection of a killed or weakened pathogen
Guiding Questions
1. What benefit is there to categorizing living things?
2. What characteristics of an organism would help categorize them into kingdoms?
3. How does taxonomy illustrate the relatedness of organisms?
4. How are viruses and cells different? Similar?
5. How can bacteria be both helpful and harmful to the human body?
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