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Cellular Biology Review Sheet
Honors Biology
Cell Membrane, Diffusion, and Osmosis
1. Be able to describe the composition and function of the cell membrane, including the structure
and role of phospholipids, location and some roles for integral proteins and peripheral proteins,
role of cholesterol, and role of carbohydrate chains.
2. Be able to discuss hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions, and what role they play in how a
lipid bilayer forms. Be able to define the term amphipathic.
3. Be able to define and discuss diffusion. Be able to define and discuss osmosis.
4. Be able to identify hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic solutions from the movement of water
into or out of a cell. Also, be able to predict the movement of water into or out of a cell based
on the type of solution it is placed in.
5. You must be able to discuss selective permeability. Be able to discuss what molecules can and
cannot cross a membrane. Be able to discuss passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active
transport. Know the role of ATP as the primary energy source for enzymes and active transport
proteins.
Cell Anatomy & Physiology
6. Compare and contrast prokaryotic cells with eukaryotic plant and animal cells.
7. Be able to identify on a diagram, describe the appearance of, and describe the function of the
following organelles:
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Both plant and animal cells:
Nucleus (including nuclear membrane
and pores)
Nucleolus
Ribosome (both cytosolic and rough ER,
including rRNA, ribosomal proteins, and
RNA is the enzyme)
Rough & smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi Bodies
Vesicles (vacuoles)
Mitochondria (with endosymbiotic
theory and the supporting evidence)
Cytoskeleton
Extracellular matrix
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Only Animals
Cell motility (flagella,
cilia, and Pseudopods)
Lysosomes
Centrioles
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Only Plants
Chloroplasts (including
endo-symbiotic
theory)
Large Central Vacuole
Cell wall and
plasmodesmata
8. Be able to describe the path of an extracellular protein from mRNA to exocytosis.
9. Understand the concept of vesicle budding, and the idea that all of the cell’s membranes are
interchangeable.