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Study Guide: Chapter 5
RNA and Protein Synthesis Test
1. You have many places to go to for information:
a. 3 PowerPoints: RNA Structure, Protein Synthesis/Mutations, and Modern Genetics
b. Amoeba Sister videos and video notes
c. Labs and activities
d. Textbook chapter 5
2. Format:
a. Multiple Choice
b. Short Answer
3. Sections 5.1-5.2
a. What is RNA?
i. Definition and Structure
1. Nucleotides
2. Shape
3. Base-Pairing
ii. mRNA and tRNA
iii. Codon and anticodon
b. Protein Synthesis
i. Transcription
1. Process and outcome
ii. Translation
1. Process and outcome
c. Mutations
i. What are they?
1. Different Types (Substitution, addition, etc.)
ii. What do they cause?
iii. What causes them?
4. Section 5.3
a. Genetic Engineering and Selective Breeding
b. Genome and Cloning
✔ Vocabulary Check – Below is the important vocabulary from chapter 5:
RNA (mRNA/tRNA)
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Uracil
Codon
Anticodon
Protein Synthesis
Transcription
Translation
Protein and Amino Acid
Mutation
Substitution (Point Mutation)
Insertion
Deletion
Selective Breeding
Genetic engineering
Genome
Cloning
Big Picture Questions:
 Describe the structure of RNA.
 Compare and contrast the structure of DNA and RNA.
 What is mRNA? What is tRNA?
 How are the functions of mRNA and tRNA different?
 Describe the process of transcription and translation.
 What is a codon? What is an anticodon? How are they related?
 Why is RNA necessary for expressing the code in DNA?
 How does an organism’s DNA code for its traits?
 Summarize the process of protein synthesis.
 What is a mutation? What effects can a mutation have on an organism?
 Describe the different types of mutations.
 What can cause a mutation and how does a mutation affect the traits of an organism?
 What is selective breeding and genetic engineering, and what are some issues surrounding
these topics?