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Honors Biology
Date ___________
Ch7 & 20 Study Guide –
Prokaryotic Cells, Eukaryotic Cells, and Viruses
1. Matching:
F cell wall
a. part that regulates what enters and leaves
the cell
G nucleus
b. Structures in which protein is made
L nuclear envelope
c. structures that contain substances needed
for the digestion of cellular materials
A cell membrane
d. In plants, a large saclike structure that is
filled with liquid
H nucleolus
e. Structure where chemical energy stored in
glucose is changed into energy
I chromosome
f. In plant cells, structure which gives the
plant structure and rigidity.
K cytoplasm
g. Control center of the cell; controls cell
reproduction
E mitochondria
h. Makes rRNA
J
i. Contains hereditary information
chloroplast
B ribosome
j. Place where light energy is converted into
glucose
D vacuole
k. area between the nucleus and cell
membrane
C lysosome
l. Surrounds the nucleus
2. What are the three parts of the cell theory?
All living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of
structure and function in living things, all cells come from
preexisting cells
3. What happens in endocytosis?
Materials are taken into the cell by infoldings of the cell
membrane, requires energy!
4. Which type of organism encloses their DNA in a nucleus?
eukaryotic
5. What is diffusion?
Movement of materials from areas of high concentration to low
concentration until equilibrium is met.
6. Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?
a. contains DNA
b. helps a cell keep its shape
c. surrounds the cell
d. helps make proteins
7. Which force tends to move water across a membrane from a more
dilute solution into a more concentrated solution? Osmotic pressure
8. Na ions transported across a cell membrane of body cells by
a. molecular pumps c. simple diffusion
b. passive transport
d. facilitated diffusion
11. What is an organ?
Group of tissues that work together to do a specific function
12. Why are most biological membranes considered selectively
permeable?
They will only allow what the cell requires to enter and what the cell
does not need to leave the cell
13. What is the MAIN difference between active and passive transport?
Active transport requires energy; passive transport does not
14. What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cell- has a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Prokaryotic cell – does not have a true nucleus or organelles
15. Which type of transport uses carrier proteins to move molecules
across a membrane?
Facilitated diffusion
16. During diffusion, when equilibrium is met, the molecules will
a. move across the membrane to the outside of the cell
b. stop moving across the membrane
c. continue to move across the membrane in both directions
d. move across the membrane to the inside of the cell
17. A sodium-potassium pump requires energy to move sodium and
potassium across the cell membrane. The movement of glucose does not
require energy. Which statement best describes the movement of these
materials across a cell membrane?
a. Sodium and potassium ions move by active transport, and glucose
moves by osmosis
b. Sodium and potassium ions move by active transport, and
glucose moves by facilitated diffusion.
c. Sodium and potassium ions move by facilitated diffusion, and
glucose moves by osmosis
d. Sodium and potassium ions move by facilitated diffusion, and
glucose moves by active transport.
18. What is a tissue?
Group of similar cells that perform similar functions
19. What are the basic units of a cell membrane? (it composes the
bilayer)
Lipids (hydrophobic and hydrophilic) and proteins
20. The basic unit of structure and function in living things is the cell.
Complete the sentence
21.Some materials can move across the cell membrane against a
concentration gradient by active transport
22.The levels of organization in a multicellular organism listed from
simplest to most complicated are cells, tissues, organs and organ
systems.
Essay
23.How do prokayotes and eukaryotes differ?
They differ in size, complexity, nucleus, and membrane-bound
organelles
24. Describe one similarity between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic
cells that is independent of size.
Both have genetic information, cell membranes, cytoplasm and
carry out all functions necessary for the cell to live
25. Based on structural differences, why do you think prokaryotic cells
can be much smaller than eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells are structurally much simpler. This means
more nutrients can reach the interior of the cell. Because
eukaryotic cells are larger, it takes longer for nutrients to reach
the interior of the cell. This is why they need organelles.
26. List two functions of the cytoskeleton.
Unicellular movement (cilia and flagella) and cytoplasmic movement
(cytoplasmic streaming)
27. Define diffusion.
See # 5
Chapter 20 – Viruses
28. Where are the instructions for making new copies of a virus located?
DNA or RNA
29. A lytic infection concludes with the lysing of the host cell.
30.What kind of organisms do bacteriophages infect?
bacteria
31.An unknown disease or well-known disease that suddenly becomes
harder to control is called
a. a pathogen
c. an antibiotic
b. an emerging disease
d. a viral disease
32. In the above figure, the structure labeled B is a(n) capsid
33. In the above figure, the structure labeled C is the genetic information
34. A few years ago, the Swine Flu, which initially infected only pigs,
started infecting humans in Mexico. How could a virus which initially only
infected pigs, infect humans?
The proteins (capsid) changes enough so the virus can now recognize
human proteins and infect the cell.
35. When you get a vaccine, you are injected with a “dead” virus”. This
means the genetic information has been destroyed. How does your body
build an immunity to a “dead” virus?
Your body makes antibodies against the capsid proteins on the virus.
If ever exposed to the same, active virus, your body will recognize
and remember the virus and deactivate it.