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Iowa State University
1. The breakdown of glucose happens in four stages:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Cellular Respiration
Chelsea
Bio 212(1)
Coffman/Howell/Addis
2/6/12
2. Glycolysis involves breaking down glucose to make two molecules of ________. This also
creates ___ molecules of ATP and ___ molecules of NADH.
 Glycolysis requires Oxygen, which is termed ________ respiration.
 Glycolysis occurs in ___ steps or ___ phases.
3. Pyruvate then enters the mitochondrial matrix, where it is broken down to an ________ group,
___ CO2 group and ___ NADH molecule.
4. Next, the acetyl groups enter into the _____ cycle. They each created two molecules of CO2,
one ATP, three NADH and one FADH2. Since there are two acetyl groups, the total yield is ___
molecules of CO2, ___ ATP, ___ NADH, and ___ FADH2.
 It’s named a cycle because the last step requires the Oxoactate to be synthesized
back to ______.
 This cycle can be controlled through competitive ______.
5. Lastly, the NADH and FADH2 made in the previous step contain high-energy electrons,
which is harnessed to produce a ___ electrochemical gradient, which is then used to synthesize
_____. This process is called ____________ phosphorylation.
 ATP ________ is the protein involved in ATP production.
 The process by which H+ is pumped back across the membrane to create ATP is
called _____________.
 The amount of ATP produced is based on how many molecules of ______ are
oxidized.
 ATP synthase works as a ________ machine, where H+ changes the subunits to
turn it clockwise.
 This machine has three steps:
Conformation 1: _____ and Pi bind to the protein.
Conformation 2: _____ is produced.
Conformation 3: ATP is released.
1. Which of the following occurs in the cytosol?
A. Glycolysis
B. Breakdown of pyruvate to an acetyl group.
C. Citric acid cycle
D. Oxidative phosphorylation
2. The source of energy that directly drives the synthesis of ATP is?
A. The oxidation of NADH
B. The oxidation of glucose
C. The reduction of O2
D. The H+ gradient.
Supplemental Instruction
1060 Hixson-Lied Student Success Center  294-6624  www.si.iastate.edu