Download Chapter 2 Study Guide

Chapter 2 Study Guide
Name:
Hour:
1. Define biochemistry.
2. What four elements make up 96% of the material in the human body?
3. List the three types of chemical bonds and explain how each is formed.
4. Diagram the four basic types of chemical reactions.
5. Discuss the properties of water that make it so important in living organisms.
See (Table 2-2)
6. List three biologically important inorganic compounds.
7. What is an electrolyte?
8. What does the pH of a solution mean?
9. List the four major groups of organic substances.
10. What is the most important monosaccharide?
11. Explain how a carbohydrate polymer (disaccharide or polysaccharide) is formed?
12. Draw the basic structure of all amino acids.
13. What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids? How does this affect their
physical properties?
14. Which nucleic acids are called purine bases? Which nucleic acids are called pyrimidine bases?
15. What is meant by the term “base pair”?
16. What two reactions (processes) take place during metabolism? What is the difference between the
two?
17. Define and give an example of an isotope.
18. What is the difference between a cation and an anion?
19. What are the structural units, or building blocks, of proteins? of carbohydrates? of triglycerides?
of DNA? What elements do each of these include? Use the table below.
Macromolecules
Structural Units
Elements
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Triglycerides
DNA
20. Write the corresponding bases to match the given sequence. Write the letter below the ones
provided.
AGTGACCGTA
Challenge Questions
1. In modern blimps, the gas of choice is helium rather than hydrogen. Hydrogen would be lighter,
but helium is much safer. What characteristics of the atomic structure of helium make is so much
less reactive than hydrogen?
2. If a person has a body weight of 170 pounds, how much of it is due to water?
3. Using the “lock and key model’, explain why an enzyme is only able to catalyze one specific
reaction.
4. How does ATP supply the cells with the energy they need to work? What type of reaction does this
require?