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April Name: __________________________________ Section: 2013 1-_____ Romanization: Law & Government History Assignment C1Y1 Prepared by Mr. Pantano JP1 Page | 1 /45 DOCUMENT 1 INTRODUCTION After a 16-year battle with their last king, Tarquin the Proud, the people of Rome vowed never to be ruled by a king again. The people wanted to be ruled by elected leaders. They wanted to vote on any laws suggested. They wanted to vote on who would rule over them each year. In 509 BCE, over 2500 years ago, the citizens of Rome created a new government. They called it THE ROMAN REPUBLIC. Although many things had changed and much had improved, women, children, and slaves were still not citizens of Rome. They had no voice in government. Only adult free Roman men were citizens. But, things did improve under the Republic. About 50 years after the Roman Republic was formed, the leaders of the Republic wrote down many of the old laws, to make sure everyone understood them. History refers to this group of laws as "The Twelve Tables" because the written laws were organized into 12 sections. These laws talked about property, crime, family, theft, marriage and inheritance. It does not really matter what they said, although the laws did try to be fair. What matters is that these laws were written down. They were engraved on tablets of metal and put on display at the Forum in the city of Rome, so that everyone could see them. Each law applied to every Roman citizen, be he rich or poor. That was a huge change for the better! Page | 2 DOCUMENT 2 Introduction to the Twelve Tables The Twelve Tables represent an early attempt by the Romans to form a system of civil law for their simple farming society. Historians have only found fragments of the tables, but these fragments provide much information about early Roman life and values. Many of the principles covered in the Twelve Tables remain important today. Others would be rejected in a democratic society. Here are a few of the laws in the Twelve Tables (reworded) 1. If you are called to go to court, you must go. If you don’t show up, you can be taken to court by force. 2. If you need a witness to testify and he will not show up, you can go once every three days and shout in front of his house. 3. Should a tree on a neighbor's farm be bent crooked by the wind and lean over your farm, you may take legal action for removal of that tree. 4. If it's your tree, it’s your fruit, even if it falls on another man’s land. 5. A person who had been found guilty of giving false witness shall be hurled down from the Tarpeian Rock. 6. No person shall hold meetings by night in the city. 7. A dead man shall not be buried or burned within the city. 8. Marriages should not take place between plebeians and patricians. (As time went on, this law was changed. When the tables were first written, this was the law.) http://medievaleurope.mrdonn.org/justinianscode.html Page | 3 DOCUMENT 3 Justinian's Code Emperor Justinian wanted to preserve all the laws that began in Ancient Rome by writing them down. In ancient Rome, those laws were called the Twelve Tables. Emperor Justinian collected up all the old laws, and added new ones that gave his people even more rights. One of the laws in Justinian's Code stated that a person was innocent until proven guilty. Can you think of any country today that has this same law? Well, sure - we do! Many countries do, including the United States, Great Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, and others. Justinian wrote laws that were fair for everyone because he thought about the needs of all the people. He did such a good job way back in 500 AD that new and existing governments still refer to his laws as guides when creating laws for their own countries today! Page | 4 DOCUMENT 4 The Charter of Rights and Freedoms Did you know that the purpose of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms is to protect Canadians from unfair government actions? The Charter of Rights and Freedoms is an important document found inside Canada’s Constitution Act of 1982. Canadians are very lucky because they can do certain things in everyday life without government intervention. Some of the rights guaranteed for Canadians include the right: To vote for their own government once they are old enough, which means people, can choose a candidate of their choice to vote into an elected office. To run for elected office, which means people, can enter a race to become an elected official. To have freedom of speech, which means people can state their opinions even if they are disapproving of the government. To freedom and religion, which means people, can belong to any religion they choose, or not belong to any religion. Of freedom of association, which means people, can belong to any group or organization they choose. To movement, which means people, can travel throughout Canada without anyone’s permission. To have a fair trial if arrested or accused of a crime. To be treated equally under the law, which means all people are treated the same no matter who they are. Page | 5 Refer to Document 1 to answer questions 1, 2 and 3. 1. Why did the Romans no longer want to be ruled by a king? (2) ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 2. Who was considered a citizen in Roman society? (1) ___________________________________________________________________ 3. What did these laws talk about? (4) a. __________________________ c. __________________________ b. __________________________ d. __________________________ Refer to Document 2 to answer questions 4, 5 and 6. 4. Why were the Twelve Tables introduced in Roman society? (2) ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 5. List one law, from the Twelve Tables, that you think could still be used today. Explain your choice. (2) ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 6. List one law, from the Twelve Tables, that you think could no longer be used today. Explain your choice. (2) ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Page | 6 Refer to Document 3 to answer questions 7, 8 and 9. 7. Why did Emperor Justinian create new laws? (1) ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 8. Why was the Justinian Code believed to be fair? (2) ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 9. How has the Justinian Code affected our laws today? (1) ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Page | 7 Thinking about: Systems of government 10. Use the internet to match the correct definition to each term. (6) Anarchy A country without a king or emperor Republic A government by the people; especially : rule of the majority Dictatorship A country that still has a king or queen as the Constitutional monarchy symbolic head of state It has the power to make Democracy laws and to enforce them Tyranny; when one person Government has absolute power Countries that have no government 11. Would you classify Canada as a democracy or as a dictatorship? Do some research and find at least one (1) fact to support your answer. (2 marks) ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Page | 8 Refer to Document 4 for the following cases. Read each case and decide whether the person’s rights were violated, according to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Do not forget to explain your answers! Each Question is worth 2 marks 12. Adam was accused of vandalizing an exterior wall of a shopping center. Police picked him up in close proximity of the crime scene. He claims that he is innocent. He is refused a lawyer. He is eventually found guilty and receives a criminal record. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 13. A young man was fired from his job after revealing to his colleagues that he is a practicing Muslim. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 14. John was fired from his job after his boss found out that he is a Habs fan and is a member of the Canadiens Official Fan Club. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 16. Michael was arrested after he respectfully stated his opinion on our Prime Minister‘s performance in government. (3) ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Page | 9